Caladenia flava subsp. sylvestris

Caladenia flava subsp. sylvestris, commonly known as the karri cowslip orchid,[2] is a species of orchid endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has a single, hairy leaf and up to three pale yellow and cream-coloured flowers which are white near the tips of the sepals and petals and marked with bright red or pink.

Karri cowslip orchid
Caladenia flava subsp. sylvestris growing near Two Peoples Bay
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Orchidoideae
Tribe: Diurideae
Genus: Caladenia
Species:
C. flava
Subspecies:
C. f. subsp. sylvestris
Trinomial name
Caladenia flava subsp. sylvestris

Description

Caladenia flava subsp. sylvestris is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and a single hairy leaf, 50–150 mm (2–6 in) long, about 15 mm (0.6 in) wide and tinged with purple on its lower side. Up to four flowers 20–50 mm (0.8–2 in) long and 20–40 mm (0.8–2 in) wide are borne on stalks 120–300 mm (5–10 in) tall. The sepals and petals are pale lemon-yellow grading to white near their tips with a line of bright red or pink marks along the mid-line. The dorsal sepal is erect, 15–25 mm (0.6–1 in) long, 7–10 mm (0.3–0.4 in) wide and the lateral sepals are larger than the dorsal sepal, 20–40 mm (0.8–2 in) long and 7–15 mm (0.3–0.6 in) wide. The petals are 12–24 mm (0.5–0.9 in) long and 6–12 mm (0.2–0.5 in) wide. The labellum is 10–15 mm (0.4–0.6 in) long and 10–13 mm (0.4–0.5 in) wide and has three lobes. The lateral lobes are egg-shaped, sometimes with four to six club-shaped teeth. The middle lobe has four to six erect teeth and there are two rows of calli along its centre forming a U-shape. Flowering occurs from October to December.[2][3][4]

This subspecies differs from subspecies flava in its taller flowering stems and later (about six weeks) flowering. It differs from subspecies maculata in its more southerly distribution, taller flowering stems and paler-coloured flowers.[2][3][4]

Taxonomy and naming

Caladenia flava was first formally described in 1810 by Robert Brown and the description was published in Brown's book Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae et Insulae Van Diemen.[5][6] In 2001, Stephen Hopper and Andrew Phillip Brown described three subspecies of Caladenia flava including Caladenia flava subsp. sylvestris and published the descriptions in Nuytsia.[1] The specific epithet (sylvestris) is a Latin word meaning "of woods"[7] referring to the habitat preference of this species.[3]

Distribution and habitat

Karri cowslip orchid grows in forests, especially high-rainfall karri forests between Bunbury and Albany in the Esperance Plains, Jarrah Forest and Warren biogeographic regions.[2][3][4][8]

Conservation

Caladenia flava subsp. sylvestris is classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.[8]

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References
  1. "Caladenia flava subsp. sylvestris". APNI. Retrieved 4 February 2017.
  2. Jones, David L. (2006). A complete guide to native orchids of Australia including the island territories. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: New Holland. p. 25. ISBN 1877069124.
  3. Brown, Andrew; Dixon, Kingsley; French, Christopher; Brockman, Garry (2013). Field guide to the orchids of Western Australia : the definitive guide to the native orchids of Western Australia. Simon Nevill Publications. p. 153. ISBN 9780980348149.
  4. Hoffman, Noel; Brown, Andrew (2011). Orchids of South-West Australia (3rd ed.). Gooseberry Hill: Noel Hoffman. p. 179. ISBN 9780646562322.
  5. "Caladenia flava". APNI. Retrieved 4 February 2017.
  6. Brown, Robert (1810). Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae. London. p. 324. Retrieved 3 February 2017.
  7. Brown, Roland Wilbur (1956). The Composition of Scientific Words. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. p. 345.
  8. "Caladenia flava subsp. sylvestris". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.
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