Cainan

Cainan (from Hebrew: קֵינָן‎ Qēnān) is mentioned in the Septuagint, the Greek translation of the Book of Genesis, the Book of Jubilees and the genealogy of Jesus given in Luke 3:36 in the New Testament. He is described as a son of Arpachshad and father of Salah, who lived in the time between Noah and Abraham.

This article is about the post-diluvian patriarch. For the ante-diluvian patriarch, see Kenan.

The postdiluvian Cainan doesn't appear in the (Proto-)Masoretic Text, the most common Hebrew version of Genesis, where Arpachshad is noted as the father of Salah. He is also omitted from the writings of the Jewish historian Josephus. Early Christian writers Irenaeus and Eusebius of Caesarea believed his presence to be an error mainly on the basis of his omission from the (Proto-)Masoretic Text, and many subsequent interpreters followed this. However Helen Jacobus has argued that the omission from the Masoretic text is deliberate.[1]

Despite his name being omitted from the Masoretic text, a substantial number of traditions about this other Cainan exist in the history of literature:

According to the Book of Jubilees, Cainan was taught to read by his father, and he found, carved on the rocks by former generations, an inscription preserving the science of astrology as taught by the Watchers, who had rebelled from God before the deluge. He is also stated to have married a daughter of Madai named Melka.

The Sefer ha-Yashar describes Cainan, the possessor of great astrological wisdom, which had been inscribed on tables of stone, as the son of Seth and not of Arpachshad; i.e., the antediluvian Kenan grandson of Seth according to the Bible.

In The Patriarchal Age: or, the History and Religion of Mankind (1854), George Smith writes:[2]

"It is remarkable that, notwithstanding the omission of the name of Cainan from the Hebrew text, and the consequent general rejection of him by historians, there are more traditions preserved of him than of his son Salah. 'The Alexandrine Chronicle derives the Samaritans from Cainan;[3] Eustachius Antiochenus, the Saggodians; George Syncellus, the Gaspheni; Epiphanius the Cajani. Besides the particulars already mentioned, it is said Cainan was the first after the flood who invented astronomy, and that his sons made a god of him, and worshiped his image after his death. The founding of the city of Harran in Mesopotamia is also attributed to him; which, it is pretended, is so called from a son he had of that name.' -Anc. Univ. Hist., vol. i, p. 96, note."

References

1. Jacobus, Helen R. (1 March 2009). "The Curse of Cainan (Jub. 8.1-5): Genealogies in Genesis 5 and Genesis 11 and a Mathematical Pattern". Journal for the Study of the Pseudepigrapha. 18 (3): 207–232. doi:10.1177/0951820709103182.
2. Smith, George (18 August 2017). The patriarchal age; or, The history and religion of mankind: from the creation to the death of Isaac: deduced from the writings of Moses, and other inspired authors ... Carlton. p. 331 – via Internet Archive. gaspheni.
3. The Latin Alexandrine Chronicle actually says that "those who live east of the Sarmatians" were derived from Cainan.

 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Singer, Isidore; et al., eds. (1901–1906). "^{article name needed}". The Jewish Encyclopedia. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.