Combat Zone Wrestling

Combat Zone Wrestling (CZW) is an American independent wrestling promotion. In 1998, John Zandig and five of his students, Ric Blade, T.C.K, Lobo, Nick Gage, and Justice Pain (along with trainer Jon Dahmer) began to run professional wrestling shows in New Jersey and Delaware, showcasing a brand of hardcore wrestling dubbed as "ultraviolence". Ladders, tables, steel folding chairs, thumbtacks, barbed wire, weed whackers, light tubes, panes of glass, and fire are all common elements of "ultraviolent wrestling" in CZW. The company filled a niche for hardcore wrestling fans that had been left open by the folding of Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW). CZW established themselves as the leading American hardcore wrestling promotion at the ECW Arena with their Cage of Death 3 show in 2001, the year ECW folded.

Combat Zone Wrestling
Private
IndustryProfessional wrestling
GenreHardcore wrestling
Strong style
Death Match
Founded1998 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
FounderJohn Zandig
HeadquartersBlackwood, New Jersey, U.S.
Area served
United States
Key people
Websitewww.czwrestling.com

Their homegrown roster helped establish what became a top independent promotion in later years. Although they are most commonly known for their "ultraviolent" style, their shows feature almost every other style of wrestling as well. Just about any card will feature high flying, comedy, strong style, and technical wrestling. Their annual Tournament of Death show emphasizes the ultraviolent style of CZW, while their annual Best of the Best emphasizes on the technical and aerial style. CZW was broadcast on The Fight Network to viewers in the UK and Ireland as part of the Bloodbath program until The Fight Network closed in 2008. CZW now runs shows on a monthly basis at the Colossal Sports Academy in Voorhees Township, New Jersey. They have formerly runs show in 2300 Arena in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Flyers Skate Zone in Voorhees Township, New Jersey, and Rastellies Kids Complex in Sewell, New Jersey.

In 2016, CZW was covered by Vice Media in the documentary Bloodlust: Tournament of Death.[1][2][3][4][5]

History

John Zandig ownership

Pro Wrestling Academy

Combat Zone Wrestling's Pro Wrestling Academy was founded in New Jersey by John Zandig in 1998. After training the classes alone, Zandig enlisted the help of Jon Dahmer, who helped train with Zandig for the next three classes. The first student trained was Lobo, who worked with Zandig before their wrestling careers. Nick Gage and Justice Pain were the next two students to be trained by Zandig. The fourth student and fifth student trained was TCK and Ric Blade. The academy relocated to The 2300 Arena in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and briefly merged with the Chikara Wrestle Factory. Shortly after the second class, the Academy separated from the Chikara Wrestle Factory and moved its operation back to New Jersey, then back to Philadelphia, and now to Blackwood, New Jersey.[6] Previously, Drew Gulak was the head trainer of the academy, with members of the CZW locker room joining them every session. He later joined WWE in 2016.

Japan connection

Early 2000 saw CZW establish a connection with the death match wrestling orientated company Big Japan Pro Wrestling, credited to have popularized the death match wrestling style that CZW continued to emphasize in the United States, dubbed as "Ultraviolence". Both promotions traded talent throughout 2000 and 2001, the company vs company feud was primarily based in Japan. The "CZW warriors" in BJW included Wifebeater, Nick Gage, Trent Acid, Justice Pain, Johnny Kashmere, Nate Hatred, Ruckus, Nick Berk, as well as John Zandig as the leader.[7]

Notable incidents included Zandig turning face in Japan and Jun Kasai joining Zandig as part of his Big Dealz stable in CZW. Kasai competed in a match which was later dubbed "Un F'N Believable," in reference to the shows name. During the match, Kasai was crucifix bombed over the top rope into lightubes, barbed wire and tables, causing Kasai's elbow bone to pop out of his skin, he continued the match after having his elbow taped up.[8]

During 2001 in Japan, the Wifebeater and Ryuji Yamakawa faced off in a match which ended Yamakawa's career after the Wifebeater chokensteined him off the ring apron through a table set up on the outside. In a 'shoot interview' Wifebeater stated communication difficulties between the two was a major factor which led to the incident. Wifebeater pleaded that they should not execute the maneuver, though the move went on and saw Yamakawa's head slam against the concrete. Both wrestlers have stated that it was half of each other's fault when Yamakawa did not take the move as it should be performed; back first, though some even blame the Japanese tables, which are smaller, more sturdy and harder to break, the table in this incident did not break and simply slipped from underneath of Yamakawa thus only connecting with his legs, causing his head to take the impact on the concrete.[9]

The reason for the collapse of the inter-promotional deal is uncertain. After a controversial exploding panes of glass match, between Zandig and Mitsuhiro Matsunaga in Japan, 2001, Zandig left BJW with the BJW death match title belt. Many wrestlers of both promotions at the time were confused about the collapse between the two.[9]

Champs Arena, PPV, and Fake You TV

In February 2000, the company would relocate from their home arena in Mantua, New Jersey, to Champs Soccer Arena, in Sewell, New Jersey. They would remain there for two years until the state of New Jersey banned the use of ultraviolent weapons (such as glass, barbed wire, and fire) in wrestling. To counteract the ban, CZW branched out from New Jersey to Delaware, where they would host their more ultraviolent shows throughout the rest of the company's existence.

A pay-per-view taping for the June 25, 2000 show, was put in place. The event was scheduled to be main evented by Terry Funk and Atsushi Onita in an explosion match, a rematch of their FMW 4th Anniversary Show encounter. The deal fell through when Onita canceled. Although the show took place and was main evented by Nick Gage and the Wifebeater in the first ever 200 lightubes match in the United States, the show was later called 'They Said it Couldn't be Done'.[10]

On June 8, 2001, the company secured a TV taping for the show Take 1. During the main event as part of a dual 20 ft balcony dive, Ric Blade suffered a broken leg after landing on Justice Pain, who laid upon two stacked tables, Nick Gage was to attempt the second dive with Lobo a few meters away. Gage slipped and fell from atop the balcony to the ground, but was able to continue, unlike Blade who had to be stretchered out. The spot was cut from TV. The TV tapings aired on WGTW-48, as a part of CZW's very own show Fake You TV, which was available in many northeastern states in the US. After many business changes by the WGTW-48 production team over the years, including a time slot change from Saturdays at 9.00PM to a weeknight at midnight slot, to compete with other promotions, this idea was a failure and Fake You TV continued to strive. CZW continued to endure every business decision that WGTW-48 formulated and executed until the channel decided not to air the June 18, 2004 episode due to its content, through negative effects on the fans and after much consideration, CZW decided to withdraw the show indefinitely.[11]

Viking Hall debut and Indy Wars

Due to their upcoming annual Cage Of Death 3 (COD) show at the end of 2001, the company needed a bigger venue and made their debut in the ECW Arena, formerly Viking Hall and currently The Arena. The venue was the first sellout in the building since the era of ECW, and hundreds were turned away from the biggest show in the promotion's history.[12]

Several promotions competed for the Northeast fan base that had been left behind by ECW in what became known as the 'Indy Wars." CZW, XPW, and 3PW were the key promotions which revolved around Viking Hall. XPW were given the lease to the arena in very late 2002 after Rob Black offered around $60,000. On December 12, 2002, as part of a triple header of wrestling in Philadelphia Ring of Honor ran shows in conjunction with CZW and 3PW in what was to be the latter two promotions last events in the arena. During CZW's event, Zandig publicly stated that they had offered $32,000 to stay in the arena, but also stating that with the $10,000 a month XPW would need to pay for the building, the lease would not last long.

Accompanied by incidents relating to Extreme Associates, XPW later folded in 2003. CZW made their return to the arena on March 8, 2003.

ECW tribute and Italy

Shortly after their return to the arena, on May 10, 2003, the company promoted a show entitled "Then & Now: A Decade of Defiance." The event was a tribute to the last ten years of wrestling in the New Alhambra Arena, or at the time; Viking Hall.

On October 25, 2003, the promotion made their debut in Italy with an attendance record of 2,000 people filled the Palasport Arena in Pistoia,[13] later on March 27, 2004, the company returned for another event which featured Sabu in a tables match this time only drawing 500 people in Parma.[14]

IWA-MS Invasion

On June 14, 2003, mid-south based promotion Independent Wrestling Association Mid-South (IWA-MS) invaded CZW as part of a kayfabe angle which led to an inter-promotional feud throughout most of 2003. During the night of the initial invasion, the crowd was so riled up that they began hurling chairs into the ring at Ian Rotten, Corporal Robinson, and J.C. Bailey of IWA-MS. The Delaware wrestling commissioner, who was in the ring at the time, was struck in the side of the head. The feud was based in both promotions and a major part led into CZW's Tournament of Death 2, five IWA-MS wrestlers and three CZW wrestlers entered into the 8-man single elimination tournament. The semi-final saw two CZW wrestlers John Zandig and Nick Mondo compete in a 2 out of 3 lightube log cabin match, a match which is said to have ended Nick Mondo's career (However, In Mondo's shoot interview he stated that T.O.D 2 was going to be his last appearance anyway). Towards the end of the match Zandig Mother F'N Bombed Nick Mondo off a 40 ft rooftop as both Zandig and Mondo crashed into tables and a lightube log cabin contraption. He continued the Tournament with 3 broken bones in his wrist and won the tournament after defeating Ian Rotten in a 200 lightubes final.

Zandig hanging incident

During John Zandig's feud with heel stable the Hi-5, Zandig was suspended in the middle of the ring by meat hooks from the roof of the arena. The incident led into the setup of the main event at Cage of Death 2003, where a cage was suspended from the roof, the event was called Cage of Death 5: Suspended. The company remained successful that year and had a sold-out crowd for their annual Cage of Death show.

Last years of Zandig's ownership

During 2005, CZW established a connection with local promotion Chikara, which established into a joint training school known as 'The Wrestle Factory' in the New Alhambra Arena, with head trainers Chris Hero and Mike Quackenbush. During 2007, CZW departed from the training school to form their own, much like their older school.

The company remained strong in the forthcoming years with new booker, Mike Burns, who was responsible for one of the best runs in the promotion's history. Pancoast Productions, a company which for many years was responsible for a lot of CZW's logos and TitanTron work, among other things, briefly departed from the company in late 2005 after an altercation between Pancoast Productions owner Mike Pancoast and John Zandig.

At their Cage of Death 7 show at the end of 2005, former CZW Ironman Champion Chris Hero cut a promo challenging "American Dragon" Bryan Danielson to a match at the next show. Backstage during this promo, CZW owner John Zandig was furious. Zandig did not know of the deal that CZW booker, Mike Burns arranged with Ring of Honor (ROH) Booker, Gabe Sapolsky. The news of CZW working with ROH made Zandig go into a frenzy. Zandig was approached backstage by Mike Pancoast, after a very vocal argument Zandig pushed him down a flight of stairs. One worker quoted Zandig telling Pancoast, "Make sure to grab the rail on your way down."

D.J. Hyde ownership

Expansion and international partnerships

Wrestler D.J. purchased CZW from Zandig in 2009. The first show booked by DJ Hyde was Tangled Web 2. Since then, CZW has held its first shows in Germany,[15] Massachusetts,[16] Ohio, South Carolina and Indiana.[17] They also returned to Japan and has brought back previous stars like Homicide,[18] The Briscoe Brothers,[19] Derek Frazier, and BJ Whitmer.[20] In 2014 CZW toured England as part of a cross promotion with Tidal Championship Wrestling.

In January 2012, CZW & ECW's arena was sold and was later temporarily closed, not reopening until December 2013. The closing of the venue forced CZW to look for a new home, now running monthly events at Flyers Skate Zone in Voorhees, New Jersey. After 13 years in business together, in 2013 Combat Zone Wrestling and Smart Mark Home Video ceased partnership after a falling-out. As of February 2013 all Combat Zone Wrestling events are filmed, edited, and distributed by RF Video. On July 12, 2017, it was reported Dave Marquez had bought into Combat Zone Wrestling as part-owner of the company.[21]

CZW also partners with other promotions like: wXw for their Germany promotions, and FMW, in a one-time match between Matt Tremont and Atsushi Onita.

GCW incident

On December 9, 2017, CZW's Cage of Death 19 show ended with Nick Gage and Brett Lauderdale from rival promotion Game Changer Wrestling (GCW) invading the ring. Reportedly, CZW booker Giancarlo Dittamo had pitched an invasion angle to DJ Hyde, but was shot down. Without telling anyone, Dittamo decided to go through with the angle regardless. Police were called to the arena, but Dittamo, Gage and Lauderdale had all left the venue by the time they arrived. Hyde was reportedly "beyond furious" over the incident, firing Dittamo from CZW.[22]

CZW Studios
CZW Studios
Owned byCombat Zone Wrestling
Websitewww.czwstudios.com

CZW Studios is a video-on-demand service owned by Combat Zone Wrestling. In 2015, CZW signed a deal for pay-per-views on In Demand.[23][24] All major CZW events air live on the service, which also features matches from the promotion's archives, dating back to 2002. The service has a current monthly subscription price of $9.99.[25]

Annual events
Event Year(s) active Notes
CZW Cage of Death 1999 Cage Match Gimmick
CZW Best of the Best 2001 Junior Heavyweight Tournament
CZW Tournament of Death 2002 Ultraviolent Tournament
CZW Night of Infamy 2002 Ultraviolent Event
CZW Deja Vu 2002 Ultraviolent Event
CZW Down With the Sickness 2005 Chri$ Ca$h Memorial Show
CZW Tangled Web 2008 Barbed Wire Spiderweb Match Gimmick
CZW High Stakes 2002 (1st) 2014 (5th)
CZW Down With The Sickness Ladders and Scaffold match gimmicks

Cage of Death
Main article: CZW Cage of Death

Combat Zone Wrestling's biggest show is the end of the year Cage of Death. It always features the "Cage of Death" match, a steel cage with various weapons, objects, and plenty of wrestling violence. Electrified cage walls, cacti, ladders, tables, steel folding chairs, barbed wire, light tubes, fire, glass, thumbtacks, and baseball bats have been used in it. Matches that also always include the high risk wrestling stunts and bumps. The Cage of Death also has different formats and stipulations: singles, tag team, or gauntlet.

Tournament of Death
Main article: CZW Tournament of Death

Combat Zone Wrestling's yearly death-match tournament features the use of fire, weed whackers, light tubes, and other weapons. Previous winners include Wifebeater (TOD 1 and 3), Nick Mondo (TOD 2), Necro Butcher (TOD 4), Nick Gage (TOD 5 & TOD vs. Gorefest), Drake Younger (TOD 6), Brain Damage (TOD: FF), Jimmy Havoc (TOD 7), and John Zandig who gave the trophy over to Thumbtack Jack who lost the Tournament of Death trophy at Best of the Best to DJ Hyde (TOD 8). Due to the incidents at TOD 8 another event named TOD 8.5 Rewind took place in the same year which was won by Thumbtack Jack. Scotty Vortekz won TOD 9. Masada won TOD X, XI and TOD: Europe.

Best of the Best
Main article: CZW Best of the Best

Combat Zone Wrestling's yearly tournament that differs from other CZW events in how it emphasizes athleticism more than the use of weapons. The Best of the Best tournament is, by design, a Junior Heavyweight Tournament. In 2005, however, the tournament was formatted as an open weight tournament. The next year, it returned to its original format. Previous winners include Winger, Trent Acid, B-Boy, Sonjay Dutt, Mike Quackenbush, Ruckus, Joker, Sabian, Egotistico Fantastico, Adam Cole and Sami Callihan in that order.

DeJa Vu

The first show featured a bloody barbed wire match between Zandig and Lobo. Since then the Deja Vu card has been held on an almost yearly basis.

Chri$ Ca$h Memorial Show

As of 2005 Combat Zone Wrestling annually run a memorial tribute event to Christopher "Chri$ Ca$h" Bauman titled "Down with the Sickness" after Chri$ Ca$h's theme song from the band Disturbed. The show originally started as a double header afternoon show, with another CZW event taking place later in the evening. Many former CZW trainees have made appearances on past events, including longtime friend GQ, who has wrestled on all of the events.

Tangled Web

Every year since 2008, CZW has held this event in which a barbed-wire "spiderweb" is used.

Dojo Wars

CZW launched a training school called Dojo Wars to train future CZW stars.

Roster

Wrestlers
Ring name Real name Notes
Amazing Red Jonathan Figueroa
Anthony Gangone Anthony Gangone
AR Fox Thomas Ballester
BLK Jeez Darnell Kittrell Member of the BLKOUT.
Brandon Kirk Unknown
Conor Claxton Unknown
Dave McCall Unknown CZW World Tag Team Championship
DJ Hyde David John Markland Owner of CZW.
DK Meadows Unknown
Eran Ashe Unknown
Gino Gotz Unknown Manager of KC Navarro.
Jimmy Lloyd Unknown
Jimmy Rave James Guffey
Joe Gacy Unknown CZW World Heavyweight Championship
Jordan Oliver Jordan Oliver
KC Navarro Christian Navarro CZW Wired Championship
Masada Brigham Paul Doane
Matt Tremont Matthew Tremont
Nate Carter Unknown CZW World Tag Team Championship
Ruckus Claude Marrow Member of the BLKOUT.
Valentina Vasquez Unknown Valet of Anthony Gangone.

Others
Ring name Real name Notes
Dave Marquez Dave Marquez Co-owner of CZW
Dan Cowhey Dan Cowhey Commentator
Emil Jay Unknown Commentator and ring announcer
Jake Black Jake Affleck Commentator
James Figueiredo James Figueiredo Head of Production
Larry Legend Unknown Ring announcer
Maven Bentley Maven Bentley President of CZW

Championships

Current champions
Championship Current champion(s) Reign Date won Days
held		 Location Notes
CZW World Heavyweight Championship Joe Gacy 4 July 26, 2020 20+ Ocean Gate, New Jersey Defeated Danny Demanto at TCW Rise of the Titans.
CZW World Tag Team Championship The REP (Dave McCall and Nate Carter) 3 October 26, 2019 294+ New Jersey, United States Defeated The House of Gargone (Anthony Gargone and The Amazing Red) at CZW to Hell and Back.
CZW Wired Championship KC Navarro 1 February 8, 2020 189+ Voorhees, New Jersey Defeated AR Fox at 21st Anniversary.

Defunct championships
Championship Last champion(s) Reign Date won Days
held		 Location Notes
CZW Death Match Championship Nate Hatred 2 August 9, 2003 N/A Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Defeated Nick Gage at Aftermath – The Wounds Run Deep!.
CZW Interpromotional Hardcore Championship Lobo 1 May 29, 1999 343 Malaga, New Jersey Defeated John Kronus and TCK in a three-way match for the vacated title at a live event.
CZW Iron Man Championship Egotistico Fantastico 1 June 13, 2009 28 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Defeated Sami Callihan at Best of the Best 9.
CZW Ultraviolent Underground Championship Masada 1 July 9, 2011 315 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Defeated Danny Havoc at New Heights.
CZW World Junior Heavyweight Championship Greg Excellent 2 March 14, 2015 210 Voorhees Township, New Jersey Defeated Alexander James at Deja Vu.
CZW Medal of Valor Championship Eran Ashe 1 October 25, 2019 N/A Voorhees Township, New Jersey Defeated DK Meadows at Super Show XXV: Meadows v Ashe III.
CZW Dojo Wars Tag Team Championship Valor (Dominick Denaro & Kee Min) 1 December 21, 2019 N/A Voorhees Township, New Jersey N/A

Sister promotion

Maven Bentley Association
Maven Bentley Association
Private
IndustryProfessional wrestling
Founded2005
FounderJohn Zandig 
HeadquartersPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.
Key people
Maven Bentley
(Owner; 2009–present)
ProductsOfficial distributor
WebsiteMaven Bentley Association, LCC.

The Maven Bentley Association (MBA) is Combat Zone Wrestling's sister company, run by Maven Bentley. The MBA is the sole owner of the Maven Bentley character. It provides promoter services to independent wrestling companies as well as the character Maven Bentley for acting and other entertainment endeavors. Half of the roster are mainly from CZW.[26] The MBA LLC has provided services for some of the top names in the wrestling business such as Ring of Honor (ROH), World Xtreme Wrestling (WXW), World Sumo League (WSL), and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA).[27]

In 2007, CZW had a short lived feud with the MBA, who had been running amok in CZW for the past few months with the power-mad Bentley abusing his authority. Bentley "hired" a few of CZW's own wrestlers to help him take over the company. Those wrestlers included Diehard Dustin Lee, Scotty Vortekz, Brain Damage, and DJ Hyde. Bentley himself got involved as he was scheduled to face Lobo in a lumberjack strap match, which he lost at Cage of Death 9. The MBA returned to the CZW Arena for its "Economic Crisis" event on January 31, 2009.[28]

Championships
Championship: Champion(s): Defeated: Date Won: Location:
MBA Heavyweight ChampionshipAndy SumnerDJ HydeJune 6, 2008Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
MBA Tag Team ChampionshipBLKOUT (Eddie Kingston & Sabian)Cory Kastle and Jon DahmerJune 21, 2006Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
MBA A-Maven-Can Idol Heavyweight ChampionshipDaunte SweetDerek FrazierApril 16, 2005Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
gollark: Indeed.
gollark: Surely Yemmel TOLD people before leaving?
gollark: That sounds like a single point of failure.
gollark: But why would they share resources unless… *they're the same*?
gollark: Lemmmy is Yemmel. This much is obvious.

See also

References
  1. https://video.vice.com/en_us/video/bloodlust-tournament-of-death/57c85a8d57bac8880bdf678e
  2. http://forums.sherdog.com/threads/vice-documentary-on-czw.3401625/
  3. http://topdocumentaryfilms.com/bloodlust-tournament-death/
  4. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2017-03-22. Retrieved 2017-03-21.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  5. https://www.reddit.com/r/SquaredCircle/comments/5d57x8/vice_just_released_a_documentary_on_czw/
  6. "CZW Academy". 2015. Archived from the original on 2015-07-23. Retrieved 2015-07-17.
  7. "Combat Zone Wrestling History". 2004. Archived from the original on 2008-02-10. Retrieved 2008-02-12.
  8. "Combat Zone Wrestling – CZW Un F'n Believable". 2001. Retrieved 2009-07-12.
  9. "Combat Zone Wrestling History". 2004. Archived from the original on 2008-02-10. Retrieved 2009-07-12.
  10. "Combat Zone Wrestling – CZW They Said It Couldn't Be Done". 2004. Retrieved 2009-09-12.
  11. Sabato, Derek (2004-06-20). "CZW announces losing its Philadelphia TV time slot". Wrestling Observer. Retrieved 2007-09-28.
  12. Magee, Bob (2001-12-17). "Recap of Cage of Death 3". Pro Wrestling's Between The Sheets. Retrieved 2008-02-12.
  13. CZW Shockwave « Event-Datenbank « CAGEMATCH
  14. CZW Aftershock « Events Database « CAGEMATCH
  15. "Smart Mark Video". Archived from the original on 2011-11-09. Retrieved 2011-10-20.
  16. Smart Mark Video
  17. "Smart Mark Video". Archived from the original on 2011-11-09. Retrieved 2011-10-20.
  18. "Smart Mark Video". Archived from the original on 2011-11-22. Retrieved 2011-10-20.
  19. "Smart Mark Video". Archived from the original on 2011-11-22. Retrieved 2011-10-20.
  20. Smart Mark Video
  21. http://411mania.com/wrestling/various-news-czw-gets-new-part-owner-samoa-joe-visits-jim-henson-soundstage/
  22. https://www.pwinsider.com/article/114196/what-the-hell-happened-at-the-end-of-cage-of-death-czw-news-and-notes.html?p=1
  23. "Independent Promotion Announces Major Pay-Per-View Deal". 2015. Retrieved 2015-07-17.
  24. Johnson, Mike (July 6, 2015). "CZW LAUNCHES STREAMING SERVICE, CHYNA GETS HER DOCUMENTARY, MYSTERIO HEADING TO IWS IN MONTREAL, NEW PROMOTION DEBUTING IN NYC THIS WEEK & MORE". Pwinsider. Retrieved April 17, 2018.
  25. https://www.czwstudios.com/home
  26. "MBA F.A.Q." Archived from the original on 2009-05-26. Retrieved 2009-07-12.
  27. Maven Bentley. "Maven Bentley Association". Archived from the original on 2017-10-14. Retrieved 2009-07-12.
  28. "The MBA had returned to the CZW Arena for its "Economic Crisis" event on Jan, 31 2009". Retrieved 2009-07-12.
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