By-elections to the House of Lords

Following the passing of the House of Lords Act 1999, the number of hereditary peers entitled to sit in the House of Lords was reduced to ninety-two. Ninety of the first ninety-two were elected by all the hereditary peers before the passing of the reform. Since November 2002, by-elections have been held to fill vacancies left by deaths of those peers. Since the passing of the House of Lords Reform Act 2014, by-elections have also been held to fill vacancies left by the resignation of those peers.

Before the passing of the 1999 Act, the Lords approved a Standing Order stating that the remaining hereditary peers shall consist of:[1]

• 2 peers to be elected by the Labour hereditary peers
• 42 peers to be elected by the Conservative hereditary peers
• 3 peers to be elected by the Liberal Democrat hereditary peers
• 28 peers to be elected by the Crossbench hereditary peers
• 15 peers to be elected by the whole House
• The holders of the offices of Earl Marshal and Lord Great Chamberlain to be ex officio members

Elections must be held within three months of a vacancy occurring[2] and take place under the Alternative Vote system.[3] All those on the Register of Hereditary Peers are eligible to stand, but only sitting (the "excepted") hereditary peers may vote (which can result in very small electorates, such as three voters in the 2003 election of Lord Grantchester).[4][5]

Current composition

Further information: List of elected hereditary peers under the House of Lords Act 1999

As of June 2020, the current party affiliation of the hereditary peers is:[6]

Affiliation		Elected by Conservative hereditary peers	Elected by Crossbench hereditary peers	Elected by Labour hereditary peers	Elected by Liberal Democrat hereditary peers	Elected by whole House	Total
	Conservative	37[lower-alpha 1][lower-alpha 2]	-	-	-	9	46
	Crossbenchers	1[lower-alpha 2]	25[lower-alpha 3][lower-alpha 4]	-	-	3[lower-alpha 5]	29
	Labour	-	-	1	-	2	3
	Liberal Democrats	-	-	-	3	[lower-alpha 5][lower-alpha 6]	3
	Non-affiliated	3[lower-alpha 1]	1[lower-alpha 3]	-	-	1[lower-alpha 6]	5
Total		41	26	1	3	15	86

1. Lord Inglewood, Duke of Wellington, and Lord Willoughby de Broke were elected by Conservative hereditary peers but now sit as non-affiliated peers.
2. Earl Peel was elected by Conservative hereditary peers but sits as a Crossbencher.
3. Earl of Kinnoull was elected by Crossbench hereditary peers but now sits as a non-affiliated peer.
4. Earl of Listowel is currently on leave of absence.
5. Viscount Falkland was elected by the whole House as a Liberal Democrat but now sits as a Crossbencher.
6. Earl of Oxford and Asquith was elected by the whole House as a Liberal Democrat but now sits as a non-affiliated peer.

• The two ex officio members, the Duke of Norfolk and the Marquess of Cholmondeley, have a non-affiliated party status within the House. The Marquess of Cholmondeley is currently on leave of absence.

By-election results

2003

After the death of the Viscount of Oxfuird

Hereditary peers' by-election (whole House eligible to vote), March 2003[7]
Party		Candidate	Count 1	Count 2	Count 3	Count 4	Count 5	Count 6	Count 7	Count 8	Count 9	Count 10	Count 11	Count 12	Count 13	Count 14	Count 15	Count 16	Count 17	Count 18
	Conservative	YViscount Ullswater[8]	86	89	89	91	91	94	95	101	103	109	111	114	116	123	123	127	144	151
	Crossbench	Viscount Montgomery of Alamein	46	46	46	46	48	49	49	53	54	56	56	61	63	66	68	80	95	116
	Labour	Lord Grantchester	57	58	59	59	59	59	59	59	60	60	61	62	64	65	83	92	93	-
	Conservative	Viscount Eccles	31	32	33	34	35	37	37	41	43	44	46	47	48	53	53	55	-	-
	Crossbench	Lord Meston	39	40	40	42	42	44	44	44	45	45	45	45	48	48	48	-	-	-
	Labour	Lord Monkswell	26	26	27	27	27	27	28	28	28	28	29	29	31	31	-	-	-	-
	Crossbench	Earl of Clancarty	10	12	12	12	12	13	14	16	17	17	17	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Crossbench	Lord Rathcavan	13	13	13	13	13	13	14	14	14	14	14	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Viscount Trenchard	10	11	11	12	12	12	12	12	13	13	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Viscount Weir	10	11	11	12	12	12	12	12	13	13	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Earl Cathcart	9	10	10	10	10	11	11	12	12	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Lord Norrie	8	8	8	10	10	11	11	11	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Viscount Brentford	8	8	8	9	9	9	9	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Earl of Cranbrook	5	7	7	8	8	9	9	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Earl of Stockton	6	6	7	8	9	9	9	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Crossbench	Earl of Effingham	6	6	6	6	6	6	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Crossbench	Earl of Iveagh	5	5	5	5	5	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Lord de Ramsey	4	4	5	5	5	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Crossbench	Earl Cairns	4	4	4	4	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Viscount Addison	3	3	3	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Lord Birdwood	3	3	3	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Liberal Democrats	Earl of Glasgow	3	3	3	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Lord Vaux of Harrowden	3	3	3	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Earl of Kinnoull	2	3	3	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Lord de Mauley	2	2	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Lord Gray	2	2	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Viscount Hood	2	2	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Independent	Lord Kennet	2	2	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Viscount Torrington	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Lord Teynham	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Earl of Swinton	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Lord Strathcarron	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Lord Rowallan	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Lord Poole	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Lord Pender	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Crossbench	Lord Napier of Magdala	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Lord Morris	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Crossbench	Lord Lawrence	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Crossbench	Earl of Kintore	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Crossbench	Lord Gladwyn	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Crossbench	Earl of Cromer	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Crossbench	Lord Birkett	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Independent	Lord Ashbourne	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Others	37 others	0	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Electorate: 661   Valid: 423   Spoilt: 3   Quota: 212   Turnout: 426

After the death of Lord Milner of Leeds

Labour hereditary peers' by-election, October 2003[9]
Candidate	Count 1
YLord Grantchester[8]	2
Viscount Hanworth	1
9 others	0
Electorate: 3   Valid: 3   Spoilt: 0   Quota: 1   Turnout: 3

2004

After the death of Lord Vivian:

Conservative hereditary peers' by-election, May 2004[10]
Candidate	Count 1	Count 2	Count 3	Count 4	Count 5	Count 6	Count 7	Count 8	Count 9	Count 10	Count 11
YViscount Trenchard	8	8	8	8	9	10	12	12	14	17	24
Viscount Eccles	7	7	8	9	9	9	9	10	13	15	18
Earl Cathcart	7	7	7	7	7	7	7	10	11	13	-
Viscount Weir	7	7	7	7	7	7	7	7	7	-	-
Viscount Torrington	5	6	6	6	6	6	6	6	-	-	-
Lord de Mauley	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	-	-	-	-
Lord Rathcavan	2	2	2	2	2	2	-	-	-	-	-
Lord Terrington	1	1	1	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-
Lord Norrie	1	1	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Lord Harlech	1	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Viscount Brentford	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Viscount Addison	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
25 others	0	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Electorate: 48   Valid: 45   Spoilt: 0   Quota: 23   Turnout: 45

2005

After the death of the Earl Russell:

Liberal Democrat hereditary peers' by-election, January 2005[11]
Candidate	Count 1
YEarl of Glasgow	4
Earl of Carlisle	0
Lord Kennet	0
Electorate: 4   Valid: 4   Spoilt: 0   Quota:   Turnout: 4

After the death of Lord Burnham:

Conservative hereditary peers' by-election, March 2005[12]
Candidate	Count 1	Count 2	Count 3	Count 4	Count 5	Count 6	Count 7	Count 8	Count 9	Count 10
YLord de Mauley	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	13	16	21
Earl Cathcart	7	7	7	7	7	7	8	10	11	13
Viscount Eccles	6	6	6	7	8	8	8	9	10	-
Viscount Torrington	2	3	4	4	4	5	7	7	-	-
Earl of Stockton	4	4	4	4	5	6	7	-	-	-
Viscount Weir	4	4	4	4	4	4	-	-	-	-
Lord Rathcavan	2	2	2	2	2	-	-	-	-	-
Lord de Ramsey	2	2	2	2	-	-	-	-	-	-
Lord Norrie	1	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Lord Margadale	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Viscount Addison	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
25 others	0	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Electorate: 47   Valid: 42   Spoilt: 0   Quota: 21   Turnout: 42

After the death of Lord Aberdare:

Hereditary peers' by-election (whole House eligible to vote), March 2005[13]
Party		Candidate	Count 1	Count 2	Count 3	Count 4	Count 5	Count 6	Count 7	Count 8	Count 9	Count 10	Count 11	Count 12	Count 13	Count 14	Count 15	Count 16	Count 17	Count 18	Count 19	Count 20	Count 21	Count 22	Count 23	Count 24
	Conservative	YViscount Eccles	92	92	92	92	93	93	93	93	93	93	93	93	94	94	96	96	98	102	104	111	119	129	146	168
	Labour	Lord Monkswell	63	63	63	63	63	63	63	63	63	63	64	64	64	64	64	64	64	64	64	64	64	65	65	67
	Liberal Democrats	Earl of Carlisle	49	49	50	50	50	50	50	50	50	50	50	50	50	51	51	51	51	51	53	54	54	55	59	61
	Conservative	Earl Cathcart	32	32	32	32	32	32	33	33	33	33	33	33	33	33	33	34	35	36	36	38	40	41	44	-
	Conservative	Earl of Stockton	22	22	22	22	22	23	23	23	24	24	24	25	25	25	25	26	27	27	31	34	35	39	-	-
	Conservative	Lord Norrie	19	19	19	19	19	19	19	20	20	21	22	22	22	22	22	22	25	27	27	28	31	-	-	-
	Conservative	Viscount Torrington	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	11	13	14	14	14	14	14	14	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Lord de Ramsey	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	12	12	12	13	14	-	-	-	-	-
	Crossbench	Lord Birkett	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	10	10	12	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Lord Rathcavan	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	10	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Viscount Weir	7	7	7	7	7	7	7	7	7	8	8	8	8	8	8	8	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Lord Poole	3	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Viscount Hood	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Lord Margadale	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Lord Terrington	1	1	1	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Crossbench	Lord Tryon	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	UKIP	Duke of Rutland	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Viscount Addison	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Lord Vivian	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Lord Rowallan	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Viscount Massereene and Ferrard	1	1	1	1	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Earl of Kinnoull	1	1	1	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Lord Killearn	1	1	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Crossbench	Lord Glanusk	1	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Crossbench	Lord Clifford of Chudleigh	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Earl Alexander of Tunis	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Others	10 others	0	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Electorate: 687   Valid: 348   Spoilt: 4   Quota: 174   Turnout: 352

After the death of Baroness Strange:

Crossbench hereditary peers' by-election, June 2005[14]
Candidate	Count 1	Count 2	Count 3	Count 4	Count 5	Count 6
YViscount Montgomery of Alamein	11	11	11	11	11	11
Earl of Effingham	4	4	5	6	7	8
Earl of Clancarty	5	5	5	5	6	-
Earl of Stair	3	3	4	4	-	-
Lord Gladwyn	2	3	3	-	-	-
Earl of Iveagh	2	2	-	-	-	-
Lord Milford	1	-	-	-	-	-
19 others	0	-	-	-	-	-
Electorate: 29   Valid: 28   Spoilt: 0   Quota: 14   Turnout: 28

2007

After the death of Lord Mowbray and Stourton:

Conservative hereditary peers' by-election, March 2007[15]
Candidate	Count 1	Count 2	Count 3	Count 4	Count 5	Count 6	Count 7
YEarl Cathcart	10	11	11	12	12	16	21
Viscount Younger of Leckie	12	13	13	14	15	16	17
Earl of Stockton	6	6	6	7	9	11	-
Viscount Torrington	2	4	6	6	7	-	-
Lord Rathcavan	4	4	4	4	-	-	-
Lord de Ramsey	3	3	3	-	-	-	-
Viscount Weir	1	2	-	-	-	-	-
Earl Alexander of Tunis	1	-	-	-	-	-	-
Lord Birdwood	1	-	-	-	-	-	-
Lord Chesham	1	-	-	-	-	-	-
Earl of Iveagh	1	-	-	-	-	-	-
Lord Margadale	1	-	-	-	-	-	-
30 others	0	-	-	-	-	-	-
Electorate: 47   Valid: 43   Spoilt: 0   Quota: 22   Turnout: 43

2008

After the death of the Baroness Darcy de Knayth:

Crossbench hereditary peers' by-election, May 2008[16]
Candidate	Count 1	Count 2	Count 3	Count 4	Count 5	Count 6
YEarl of Stair	6	6	7	9	11	14
Earl of Clancarty	7	8	8	9	9	10
Lord Aberdare	4	4	4	4	5	-
Viscount Devonport	3	3	3	3	-	-
Lord Cromwell	2	3	3	-	-	-
Lord Darcy de Knayth	2	2	-	-	-	-
Lord Milford	1	-	-	-	-	-
Lord Terrington	1	-	-	-	-	-
25 others	0	-	-	-	-	-
Electorate: 29   Valid: 26   Spoilt: 0   Quota: 14   Turnout: 26

2009

After the death of the Viscount Bledisloe:

Crossbench hereditary peers' by-election, July 2009[17]
Candidate	Count 1	Count 2	Count 3	Count 4	Count 5
YLord Aberdare	10	12	12	12	13
Lord Sempill	2	3	5	5	5
Viscount Hood	4	4	4	4	4
Earl of Clancarty	3	3	3	4	-
Lord Hacking	2	3	3	-	-
Duke of Somerset	2	2	-	-	-
Lord Cromwell	1	-	-	-	-
Earl of Effingham	1	-	-	-	-
Lord Polwarth	1	-	-	-	-
Lord Wrenbury	1	-	-	-	-
23 others	0	-	-	-	-
Electorate: 29   Valid: 27   Spoilt: 0   Quota: 13   Turnout: 27

2010

After the death of the Viscount Colville of Culross:

Crossbench hereditary peers' by-election, June 2010[18]
Candidate	Count 1	Count 2	Count 3	Count 4	Count 5
YEarl of Clancarty	10	10	11	12	13
Earl of Lytton	3	5	5	8	8
Viscount Hood	3	4	5	5	-
Lord Sempill	4	4	4	-	-
Viscount Runciman of Doxford	2	3	-	-	-
Earl of Albemarle	1	-	-	-	-
Earl Cairns	1	-	-	-	-
Lord Cromwell	1	-	-	-	-
Lord Hacking	1	-	-	-	-
15 others	0	-	-	-	-
Electorate: 29   Valid: 26   Spoilt: 0   Quota: 13   Turnout: 26

After the death of the Earl of Northesk:

Conservative hereditary peers' by-election, June 2010[19]
Candidate	Count 1	Count 2	Count 3
YViscount Younger of Leckie	17	21	22
Earl of Stockton	5	7	7
Lord Ashton of Hyde	4	4	5
Lord Rathcavan	3	3	4
Lord Colgrain	2	3	3
Lord de Ramsey	2	3	3
Marquess of Abergavenny	2	2	-
Earl of Limerick	2	2	-
Viscount Addison	1	-	-
Lord Bethell	1	-	-
Lord Birdwood	1	-	-
Lord Bolton	1	-	-
Viscount Gormanston	1	-	-
Lord Gray	1	-	-
Lord Harlech	1	-	-
Lord Margadale	1	-	-
17 others	0	-	-
Electorate: 47   Valid: 45   Spoilt: 0   Quota: 22   Turnout: 45

2011

After the death of the Lord Strabolgi:

Hereditary peers' by-election (whole House eligible to vote), March 2011[20]
Party		Candidate	Count 1
	Labour	YViscount Hanworth	233
	Liberal Democrats	Earl of Carlisle	26
	Conservative	Lord de Ramsey	24
	Crossbench	Lord Hacking	24
	Labour	Lord Monkswell	21
	Conservative	Earl of Stockton	20
	Conservative	Earl of Harrowby	17
	Crossbench	Lord Cromwell	8
	Conservative	Lord Killearn	6
	Conservative	Earl Alexander of Tunis	5
	Conservative	Lord Margadale	5
	Conservative	Earl of Kinnoull	4
	Liberal Democrats	Lord Ogmore	4
	Conservative	Lord Rowallan	3
	Conservative	Viscount Addison	2
	Crossbench	Lord Tryon	2
	Conservative	Lord Birdwood	1
	Crossbench	Earl of Cromer	1
	Conservative	Lord Sudeley	1
	Others	4 others	0
Electorate: 769   Valid: 414   Spoilt: 2   Quota: 207   Turnout: 416

After the death of the Lord Monson:

Crossbench hereditary peers' by-election, May 2011[21]
Candidate	Count 1	Count 2	Count 3	Count 4	Count 5
YEarl of Lytton	7	7	9	11	15
Duke of Somerset	6	7	9	9	9
Viscount Colville of Culross	6	6	6	7	-
Lord Cromwell	3	3	3	-	-
Earl of Oxford and Asquith	2	2	-	-	-
Earl of Shaftesbury	2	2	-	-	-
Earl of Drogheda	1	-	-	-	-
7 others	0	-	-	-	-
Electorate: 28   Valid: 27   Spoilt: 0   Quota: 14   Turnout: 27

After the death of the Earl of Onslow:

Conservative hereditary peers' by-election, July 2011[22]
Candidate	Count 1	Count 2	Count 3	Count 4	Count 5	Count 6	Count 7	Count 8	Count 9
YLord Ashton of Hyde	19	19	20	20	20	20	20	21	23
Lord Borwick	5	6	6	7	7	7	7	7	7
Lord de Ramsey	3	3	3	3	4	3	5	5	5
Earl of Harrowby	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4
Earl of Stockton	2	2	2	2	2	2	3	4	4
Marquess of Abergavenny	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	-
Earl of Oxford and Asquith	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	-	-
Earl of Onslow	2	2	2	2	2	2	-	-	-
Lord Rowallan	1	1	1	1	1	-	-	-	-
Lord Rathcavan	1	1	1	1	-	-	-	-	-
Lord Margadale	1	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-
Earl of Limerick	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Viscount Addison	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
8 others	0	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Electorate: 47   Valid: 45   Spoilt: 0   Quota: 23   Turnout: 45

After the death of the Lord Ampthill:

Hereditary peers' by-election (whole House eligible to vote), July 2011[23]
Party		Candidate	Count 1	Count 2	Count 3	Count 4	Count 5	Count 6	Count 7	Count 8	Count 9	Count 10	Count 11	Count 12	Count 13	Count 14	Count 15
	Crossbench	YViscount Colville of Culross	77	77	78	78	78	78	79	79	80	80	81	88	94	101	126
	Crossbench	Duke of Somerset	76	76	76	76	76	78	78	78	79	80	81	86	91	98	104
	Crossbench	Lord Hacking	52	52	52	52	52	54	54	56	56	57	59	60	66	73	-
	Conservative	Earl of Stockton	28	28	29	29	29	29	29	29	30	33	33	33	38	-	-
	Liberal Democrats	Lord Kennet	17	17	17	17	17	17	17	18	18	19	26	26	-	-	-
	Crossbench	Earl of Shaftesbury	12	13	13	13	13	14	16	16	16	17	18	-	-	-	-
	Liberal Democrats	Earl of Carlisle	12	12	13	13	13	13	13	13	13	13	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Earl of Limerick	6	7	7	7	7	7	7	9	12	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Lord Margadale	5	6	6	6	7	7	7	8	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Earl of Kinnoull	7	7	7	7	7	7	7	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Viscount Hood	5	5	5	6	6	6	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Crossbench	Lord Cromwell	4	4	4	4	5	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Lord Killearn	3	3	3	3	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Crossbench	Lord Cadman	3	3	3	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Crossbench	Earl of Albemarle	3	3	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Lord Biddulph	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Lord Tryon	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Lord Vivian	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Others	2 others	0	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Electorate: 769   Valid: 313   Spoilt: 3   Quota: 157   Turnout: 316

2013

After the death of the Earl Ferrers:

Conservative hereditary peers' by-election, February 2013[24]
Candidate	Count 1	Count 2	Count 3	Count 4	Count 5	Count 6	Count 7	Count 8	Count 9	Count 10	Count 11	Count 12	Count 13	Count 14
YViscount Ridley	14	14	15	15	15	15	15	15	16	18	18	20	21	24
Viscount Hailsham	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	11	11
Earl of Harrowby	4	4	4	4	4	5	5	5	5	5	6	6	6	8
Lord de Ramsey	2	2	2	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	5	5	6	-
Marquess of Abergavenny	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	4	4	4	4	4	-	-
Earl of Stockton	2	2	2	2	2	2	3	3	3	3	3	-	-	-
Lord Borwick	2	2	2	2	3	3	3	3	3	3	-	-	-	-
Earl of Oxford and Asquith	1	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	-	-	-	-	-
Lord Windlesham	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-
Lord Vivian	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Lord Swansea	1	1	1	1	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Lord Monson	1	1	1	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Lord Margadale	1	1	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Lord Darling	1	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Earl of Clanwilliam	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Lord Ampthill	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
11 others	0	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Electorate: 48   Valid: 46   Spoilt: 0   Quota: 23   Turnout: 46

After the death of the Lord Reay:

Hereditary peers' by-election (whole House eligible to vote), July 2013[25]
Party		Candidate	Count 1	Count 2	Count 3	Count 4	Count 5	Count 6	Count 7	Count 8	Count 9	Count 10	Count 11	Count 12	Count 13	Count 14	Count 15	Count 16	Count 17
	Conservative	YLord Borwick	104	105	105	106	106	107	109	109	109	110	112	113	114	117	120	135	160
	Conservative	Viscount Hailsham	104	104	105	105	106	106	106	106	106	106	107	107	108	112	113	117	129
	Conservative	Earl of Stockton	34	34	34	34	34	34	34	34	36	38	39	41	42	44	56	61	-
	Conservative	Earl of Harrowby	23	23	23	23	23	23	23	23	24	24	26	26	27	29	31	-	-
	Liberal Democrats	Lord Kennet	17	17	17	17	17	19	19	19	19	19	19	20	20	20	-	-	-
	Conservative	Lord Swansea	8	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	10	11	13	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Lord Ampthill	6	6	7	7	8	8	8	9	10	10	10	10	-	-	-	-	-
	Crossbench	Lord Napier and Ettrick	6	6	6	7	8	8	8	8	8	8	8	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Lord Margadale	6	6	6	6	6	6	6	7	7	7	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Lord Windlesham	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Lord Rowallan	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Earl of Onslow	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	UKIP	Viscount Massereene and Ferrard	3	3	3	3	3	3	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Liberal Democrats	Earl of Carlisle	3	3	3	3	3	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Crossbench	Earl of Albemarle	3	3	3	3	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Crossbench	Lord Hemphill	2	2	2	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Lord Biddulph	2	2	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Lord Cadman	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Lord Harlech	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Others	4 others	0	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Electorate: 753   Valid: 334   Spoilt: 2   Quota: 167   Turnout: 336

2014

After the death of the Lord Moran:

Crossbench hereditary peers' by-election, April 2014[26]
Candidate	Count 1	Count 2	Count 3	Count 4	Count 5
YLord Cromwell	9	10	10	12	13
Lord Russell of Liverpool	7	7	7	9	12
Lord Sempill	4	4	5	5	-
Lord Aldington	4	4	5	-	-
Lord Thurlow	2	2	-	-	-
Lord Napier and Ettrick	1	-	-	-	-
7 others	0	-	-	-	-
Electorate: 29   Valid: 27   Spoilt: 0   Quota: 14   Turnout: 27

After the death of the Lord Methuen:

Hereditary peers' by-election (whole House eligible to vote), October 2014[27]
Party		Candidate	Count 1
	Liberal Democrats	YEarl of Oxford and Asquith	155
	Crossbench	Lord Napier and Ettrick	35
	Conservative	Earl of Stockton	31
	Liberal Democrats	Lord Kennet	29
	Conservative	Lord Margadale	13
	Crossbench	Viscount Massereene and Ferrard	6
	Crossbench	Lord Somerleyton	6
	Conservative	Lord Harlech	4
	Crossbench	Lord Calverley	1
	Conservative	Lord Layton	1
	Conservative	Lord Middleton	1
	Conservative	Lord Sudeley	1
	Others	3 others	0
Electorate: 776   Valid: 283   Spoilt: 0   Quota: 142   Turnout: 283

After the death of the Viscount Allenby of Megiddo:

Crossbench hereditary peers' by-election, December 2014[28]
Candidate	Count 1	Count 2	Count 3	Count 4	Count 5
YLord Russell of Liverpool	7	8	10	10	13
Duke of Somerset	4	4	4	5	5
Lord Thurlow	4	4	4	5	5
Lord Napier and Ettrick	3	3	3	4	-
Earl of Kinnoull	3	3	3	-	-
Viscount Hood	3	3	-	-	-
Earl of Clanwilliam	1	-	-	-	-
11 others	0	-	-	-	-
Electorate: 27   Valid: 25   Spoilt: 0   Quota: 13   Turnout: 25

After the retirement of the Lord Cobbold:

Crossbench hereditary peers' by-election, December 2014[28]
Candidate	Count 1	Count 2	Count 3	Count 4	Count 5
YDuke of Somerset	6	7	8	8	12
Lord Thurlow	8	8	9	10	11
Earl of Kinnoull	4	4	4	5	-
Lord Napier and Ettrick	3	3	3	-	-
Viscount Hood	3	3	-	-	-
Earl of Clanwilliam	1	-	-	-	-
11 others	0	-	-	-	-
Electorate: 27   Valid: 25   Spoilt: 0   Quota: 13   Turnout: 25

2015

After the retirement of the Lord Chorley:

Crossbench hereditary peers' by-election, February 2015[29]
Candidate	Count 1	Count 2	Count 3	Count 4	Count 5	Count 6
YLord Thurlow	8	9	9	9	10	13
Viscount Hood	4	4	4	4	4	4
Lord Napier and Ettrick	3	3	3	3	3	3
Earl of Cork and Orrery	2	2	3	3	3	3
Lord Sempill	2	2	2	3	3	3
Lord Aldington	2	2	2	2	3	-
Earl of Kinnoull	2	2	2	2	-	-
Lord Hemphill	1	1	1	-	-	-
Earl of Clanwilliam	1	1	-	-	-	-
Earl Lloyd-George of Dwyfor	1	-	-	-	-	-
8 others	0	-	-	-	-	-
Electorate: 28   Valid: 26   Spoilt: 0   Quota: 13   Turnout: 26

After the retirement of the Lady Saltoun of Abernethy:

Crossbench hereditary peers' by-election, February 2015[29]
Candidate	Count 1	Count 2	Count 3	Count 4	Count 5	Count 6
YEarl of Kinnoull	9	9	10	10	11	12
Viscount Hood	4	4	4	4	4	5
Lord Sempill	2	3	3	3	4	4
Lord Napier and Ettrick	3	3	3	3	3	3
Earl of Cork and Orrery	2	2	2	3	3	-
Lord Aldington	2	2	2	2	-	-
Earl of Clanwilliam	1	1	1	-	-	-
Earl Lloyd-George of Dwyfor	1	1	-	-	-	-
Lord Hemphill	1	-	-	-	-	-
8 others	0	-	-	-	-	-
Electorate: 28   Valid: 26   Spoilt: 0   Quota: 13   Turnout: 26

After the retirement of the Viscount Tenby:

Crossbench hereditary peers' by-election, July 2015[30]
Candidate	Count 1	Count 2	Count 3	Count 4	Count 5	Count 6
YLord Mountevans	9	9	9	9	9	10
Lord Aldington	3	4	5	5	5	5
Viscount Hood	3	3	4	5	5	5
Lord Sempill	3	3	3	3	4	-
Earl of Albemarle	2	2	2	2	-	-
Lord Napier and Ettrick	2	2	2	-	-	-
Lord Darling	2	2	-	-	-	-
Lord Trevethin and Oaksey	1	-	-	-	-	-
11 others	0	-	-	-	-	-
Electorate: 28   Valid: 25   Spoilt: 0   Quota: 13   Turnout: 25

After the retirement of the Lord Luke:

Conservative hereditary peers' by-election, September 2015[31]
Candidate	Count 1	Count 2	Count 3	Count 4	Count 5
YDuke of Wellington	18	18	18	19	21
Marquess of Abergavenny	6	6	6	6	6
Earl of Harrowby	5	6	6	6	6
Earl Ferrers	3	3	4	4	5
Earl of Limerick	3	3	3	3	3
Lord Windlesham	3	3	3	3	-
Earl of Stockton	1	1	1	-	-
Lord Swansea	1	1	-	-	-
Lord Middleton	1	-	-	-	-
7 others	0	-	-	-	-
Electorate: 48   Valid: 41   Quota: 21   Turnout: 41

After the retirement of the Viscount Montgomery of Alamein:

Crossbench hereditary peers' by-election, October 2015[32]
Candidate	Count 1	Count 2	Count 3	Count 4	Count 5
YLord Trevethin and Oaksey	10	11	11	11	12
Lord Aldington	6	6	6	6	7
Earl of Cork and Orrery	3	3	3	3	3
Lord Napier and Ettrick	3	3	3	3	-
Viscount Hood	2	2	2	-	-
Lord Vaux of Harrowden	1	1	-	-	-
Lord Clifford of Chudleigh	1	-	-	-	-
10 others	0	-	-	-	-
Electorate: 29   Valid: 26   Spoilt: 0   Quota: 13   Turnout: 26

After the death of the Lord Montagu of Beaulieu:

Conservative hereditary peers' by-election, November 2015[33]
Candidate	Count 1	Count 2	Count 3	Count 4	Count 5	Count 6	Count 7	Count 8	Count 9	Count 10
YLord Fairfax of Cameron	9	10	10	10	10	13	15	16	21	27
Earl of Harrowby	8	8	8	9	9	9	9	12	12	14
Lord Windlesham	7	7	7	7	7	8	9	9	10	-
Lord Colgrain	6	6	6	6	6	6	6	6	-	-
Lord de Ramsey	3	3	3	3	4	4	4	-	-	-
Marquess of Abergavenny	3	3	4	4	4	4	-	-	-	-
Earl of Limerick	3	3	3	3	4	-	-	-	-	-
Earl of Stockton	2	2	2	2	-	-	-	-	-	-
Lord Ashcombe	1	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Earl Ferrers	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Lord Middleton	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
3 others	0	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Electorate: 48   Valid: 44   Spoilt: 0   Quota: 22   Turnout: 44

2016

After the death of the Lord Avebury:

Liberal Democrat hereditary peers' by-election, April 2016[34]
Candidate	Count 1
YViscount Thurso	3
6 others	0
Electorate: 3   Valid: 3   Spoilt: 0   Quota: 2   Turnout: 3

After the removal for non-attendance of the Lord Bridges:

Crossbench hereditary peers' by-election, July 2016[35]
Candidate	Count 1	Count 2	Count 3	Count 4	Count 5	Count 6	Count 7
YEarl of Cork and Orrery	12	12	12	12	12	13	15
Lord Vaux of Harrowden	5	5	5	5	7	8	8
Viscount Hood	2	3	4	5	5	6	-
Lord Hemphill	3	3	3	3	3	-	-
Lord Aldington	2	2	2	2	-	-	-
Earl of Albemarle	1	1	1	-	-	-	-
Earl of Limerick	1	1	-	-	-	-	-
Lord Napier and Ettrick	1	-	-	-	-	-	-
9 others	0	-	-	-	-	-	-
Electorate: 31   Valid: 27   Spoilt: 0   Quota: 14   Turnout: 27

2017

After the death of the Lord Lyell:

Hereditary peers' by-election (whole House eligible to vote), March 2017[36]
Party		Candidate	Count 1	Count 2	Count 3	Count 4	Count 5	Count 6	Count 7	Count 8	Count 9	Count 10	Count 11	Count 12	Count 13	Count 14	Count 15	Count 16	Count 17	Count 18	Count 19	Count 20	Count 21	Count 22	Count 23	Count 24	Count 25
	Conservative	YLord Colgrain	104	104	104	104	104	104	104	105	105	105	108	108	108	109	109	109	111	111	113	115	118	118	126	137	143
	Conservative	Lord Bethell	54	54	54	55	55	56	56	56	56	56	56	56	56	57	59	60	62	62	64	68	70	76	82	90	108
	Conservative	Earl of Stockton	34	34	34	34	34	34	35	35	37	38	38	39	39	41	41	42	43	44	45	46	49	58	59	62	-
	Conservative	Marquess of Abergavenny	27	27	27	27	27	28	28	28	28	28	28	28	28	28	29	29	30	31	32	35	36	37	38	-	-
	Conservative	Earl of Harrowby	15	15	15	15	15	15	15	15	15	15	15	15	16	16	16	16	17	17	19	20	23	23	-	-	-
	Liberal Democrats	Earl Lloyd-George of Dwyfor	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	13	13	14	14	14	14	14	15	23	23	23	23	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Lord Windlesham	14	14	14	14	14	14	14	15	15	15	15	15	16	16	16	16	17	17	17	18	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Lord Napier and Ettrick	14	14	14	14	14	14	14	14	14	15	15	15	15	16	16	16	16	16	16	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Crossbench	Lord Darling	9	9	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	11	14	14	14	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Liberal Democrats	Lord Kennet	9	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	12	12	12	13	14	14	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Lord Strathcarron	8	8	8	8	8	8	8	8	8	8	9	9	9	9	9	9	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Crossbench	Viscount Powerscourt	6	6	6	6	6	6	7	7	7	7	7	7	7	7	7	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Crossbench	Lord Mostyn	6	6	6	6	6	6	6	6	6	6	6	6	7	7	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Earl of Limerick	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Lord Swansea	4	4	4	4	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Liberal Democrats	Lord Harlech	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Lord Macpherson of Drumochter	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Earl Alexander of Tunis	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Crossbench	Viscount Hood	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Viscount Addison	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Viscount Mountgarret	2	2	2	2	2	2	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Lord Biddulph	2	2	2	2	2	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Independent	Lord Gainford	2	2	2	2	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Crossbench	Lord Hampton	2	2	2	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Crossbench	Lord Somerleyton	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Crossbench	Lord Hankey	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Lord Cadman	0	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Electorate: 803   Valid: 346   Spoilt: 0   Quota: 173   Turnout: 346

After the retirement of the Lord Walpole:

Crossbench hereditary peers' by-election, July 2017[37]
Candidate	Count 1
YLord Vaux of Harrowden	16
Lord Aldington	4
Lord Mostyn	4
Lord Darling	1
Lord Hemphill	1
Viscount Powerscourt	1
3 others	0
Electorate: 31   Valid: 27   Spoilt: 0   Quota: 14   Turnout: 27

2018

After the retirement of the Earl Baldwin of Bewdley:

Crossbench hereditary peers' by-election, July 2018[38]
Candidate	Count 1	Count 2	Count 3	Count 4	Count 5	Count 6
YEarl of Devon	7	8	9	10	10	12
Lord Ravensdale	4	4	5	5	5	5
Lord Aldington	4	4	4	4	4	4
Earl of Eldon	2	2	2	2	3	3
Duke of Hamilton and Brandon	2	2	2	2	2	-
Viscount Hood	2	2	2	2	-	-
Lord Bridges	2	2	2	-	-	-
Earl of Carnarvon	2	2	-	-	-	-
Lord Meston	1	-	-	-	-	-
9 others	0	-	-	-	-	-
Electorate: 31   Valid: 26   Spoilt: 0   Quota: 13   Turnout: 26

After the retirement of the Lord Glentoran:

Conservative hereditary peers' by-election, July 2018[39]
Candidate	Count 1
YLord Bethell	26
Marquess of Abergavenny	6
Earl De La Warr	4
Lord Ashcombe	2
Lord Napier and Ettrick	2
Lord Reay	1
Earl of Stockton	1
Lord Windlesham	1
3 others	0
Electorate: 47   Valid: 43   Spoilt: 0   Quota: 22   Turnout: 43

After the retirement of the Lord Northbourne:

Crossbench hereditary peers' by-election, November 2018[40]
Candidate	Count 1	Count 2	Count 3	Count 4	Count 5
YLord Carrington	11	11	11	12	14
Lord Ravensdale	8	8	9	9	9
Earl of Eldon	3	4	4	4	5
Lord Meston	2	2	2	3	-
Lord Aldington	2	2	2	-	-
Duke of Hamilton and Brandon	2	2	-	-	-
Viscount Powerscourt	1	-	-	-	-
4 others	0	-	-	-	-
Electorate: 31   Valid: 29   Spoilt: 0   Quota: 15   Turnout: 29

2019

After the death of the Lord Skelmersdale:

Hereditary peers' by-election (whole House eligible to vote), January 2019[41]
Party		Candidate	Count 1	Count 2	Count 3	Count 4	Count 5	Count 6	Count 7	Count 8	Count 9	Count 10	Count 11
	Conservative	YLord Reay	73	73	73	73	74	78	78	81	87	94	110
	Conservative	Earl of Leicester	46	46	46	46	47	52	53	58	62	74	93
	Conservative	Lord Strathcarron	32	32	32	33	37	39	39	41	44	49	-
	Conservative	Lord Napier and Ettrick	24	24	24	24	25	28	32	36	39	-	-
	Conservative	Earl of Carnarvon	20	20	20	22	23	24	24	25	-	-	-
	Conservative	Earl of Stockton	18	18	18	18	19	19	21	-	-	-	-
	Crossbench	Lord Hampton	10	11	15	16	17	17	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Lord Ashcombe	13	13	13	13	15	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Lord Windlesham	12	12	12	12	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Crossbench	Earl of Effingham	5	5	5	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Crossbench	Viscount Powerscourt	4	5	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Conservative	Viscount Mountgarret	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Crossbench	Lord Oranmore and Browne	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Others	3 others	0	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Electorate: 785   Valid: 259   Spoilt: 0   Quota: 130   Turnout: 259 (33%)

After the death of the Viscount Slim:

Crossbench hereditary peers' by-election, March 2019[42]
Candidate	Count 1
YLord Ravensdale	18
Lord Meston	4
Earl of Albemarle	1
Lord Aldington	1
Lord de Ramsey	1
Lord Dormer	1
Lord Glenconner	1
Lord Hankey	1
6 others	0
Electorate: 31   Valid: 28   Spoilt: 0   Quota: 14   Turnout: 28

Forthcoming by-elections

The Earl of Selborne, one of the 42 elected Conservative hereditary peers, though latterly sitting as non-affiliated, resigned from the House on 26 March 2020.[43] A by-election to replace him would normally be required to be held by 26 June. However, on 23 March a motion was passed by the House to suspend any by-elections until 8 September as part of revised working arrangements in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom.[44]

The Countess of Mar, a Crossbench peer and one of the 15 hereditary peers elected by the whole House, resigned from the House on 1 May 2020.[45] A by-election to replace her would normally be required to be held by 1 August, but it will be held after 8 September as outlined above.

The Lord Rea, one of the 2 elected Labour hereditary peers, died on 1 June 2020.[46] A by-election to replace him would normally be required to be held by 1 September, but it will be held after 8 September as outlined above.

Historical by-elections

From the 1707 Act of Union to the passing of the Peerage Act 1963, peers in the Peerage of Scotland elected sixteen representative peers to sit in the House of Lords. Unlike Irish peers, however, Scottish representative peers only sat for the duration of one parliament before facing re-election. By-elections were held in the Palace of Holyroodhouse to replace deceased peers. After the passing of the Peerage Act 1963, all Scottish peers were entitled to sit in the House of Lords and the election procedure was abolished.

See also: List of elections of Scottish representative peers

Also, from the 1801 Act of Union to Irish independence, 28 representative peers were elected from and by the Peerage of Ireland to sit in the British House of Lords.[47] Like current hereditary peers, these representative peers sat for life terms and deceased peers were replaced in by-elections. Unlike modern hereditary peer by-elections, all peers in the Peerage of Ireland, even those who did not sit in the House of Lords, were entitled to vote. Upon the creation of the Irish Free State, the officers required to officiate these by-elections were abolished and thus no more were held, but those peers already elected kept their seats for the remainder of their lives. The last to sit in the Lords was Francis Needham, 4th Earl of Kilmorey, who died in 1961.

For a list of Irish Peer by-election results, see List of Irish representative peers.

See also

• List of elected hereditary peers under the House of Lords Act 1999

References

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