Buckhead

Buckhead is the uptown commercial and residential district of the city of Atlanta, Georgia, comprising approximately the northernmost fifth of the city. Buckhead is the third largest business district within the Atlanta city limits, behind Downtown and Midtown, a major commercial and financial center of the Southeast.

This article is about a district in Atlanta. For the mixed-use development in this district, see Buckhead Atlanta. For other uses, see Buckhead (disambiguation).
Buckhead
District of Atlanta
Partial view of North Buckhead skyline looking North West
Buckhead
Location in Metro Atlanta
Coordinates: 33.83942°N 84.37992°W / 33.83942; -84.37992
Elevation
225–320 m (738–1,050 ft)
Population
 (2010)
 • Total78,676
 City of Atlanta-Office of Planning; see Demographics of Atlanta
Time zoneUTC-5 (EST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC-4 (EDT)
Zip code
30305, 30309, 30324, 30326, 30327, 30342

Buckhead is an example of an edge city, anchored by a core of high-rise office buildings, hotels, shopping centers, restaurants and condominiums centered around the intersection of Peachtree Road and Piedmont Road near Georgia State Route 400, Buckhead station, and Lenox Square.

History

In 1838, Henry Irby purchased 202 1/2 acres surrounding the present intersection of Peachtree, Roswell, and West Paces Ferry roads from Daniel Johnson for $650. Irby subsequently established a general store and tavern at the northwest corner of the intersection.[1] The name "Buckhead" comes from a story that Irby killed a large buck deer and placed the head in a prominent location.[2][3] Prior to this, the settlement was called Irbyville.[3][4] By the late 1800s, Buckhead had become a rural vacation spot for wealthy Atlantans.[5] In the 1890s, Buckhead was rechristened Atlanta Heights but by the 1920s it was again "Buckhead".[6][7]

A cycling event, "Georgia Rides to the Capitol," on Piedmont Road

Buckhead remained dominated by country estates until after World War I, when many of Atlanta's wealthy began building mansions among the area's rolling hills. Despite the stock market crash of 1929, lavish mansions were still constructed in Buckhead throughout the Great Depression. In 1930, Henry Aaron Alexander built one of the largest homes on Peachtree Road, a 15,000-square-foot (1,400 m2) house with 33 rooms and 13 bathrooms.[5] The community was annexed by Atlanta in 1952, following an earlier attempt by Mayor William B. Hartsfield in 1946 that was voted down by residents.[4]

Buckhead's black neighborhoods, including Johnsontown, Piney Grove, Savagetown and Macedonia Park, were razed beginning in the 1940s.[8] In 1956, an estate known as Joyeuse was chosen as the site for a major shopping center to be known as Lenox Square. The mall was designed by Joe Amisano, an architect who designed many of Atlanta's modernist buildings. When Lenox Square opened in 1959, it was one of the first malls in the country, and the largest shopping center in the Southeastern U.S. Office development soon followed with the construction of Tower Place in 1974.

To reverse a downturn in Buckhead Village during the 1980s, minimum parking spot requirements for bars were lifted, which quickly led to it becoming the most dense concentration of bars and clubs in the Atlanta area.[9] Many bars and clubs catered mostly to the black community in the Atlanta area, including Otto's, Cobalt, 112, BAR, World Bar, Lulu's Bait Shack, Mako's, Tongue & Groove, Chaos, John Harvard's Brew House, Paradox, Frequency & Havana Club.[10][11] The area became renowned as a party spot for Atlanta area rappers and singers, including Outkast, Jazze Pha, Jagged Edge, Usher and Jermaine Dupri, who mentioned the neighborhood's clubs on his song "Welcome to Atlanta."

Following the events of the Ray Lewis murder case in Buckhead on the night of the 2000 Super Bowl (held in Atlanta at the Georgia Dome), as well as a series of murders involving the Black Mafia Family, residents sought to ameliorate crime by taking measures to reduce the community's nightlife and re-establish a more residential character.[12] The Buckhead Coalition's president and former Atlanta Mayor Sam Massell, along with councilwoman Mary Norwood were instrumental in persuading the Atlanta City Council to pass a local ordinance to close bars at 2:30 AM rather than 4 AM, and liquor licenses were made more difficult to obtain. Eventually, most of the Buckhead Village nightlife district was acquired for the "Buckhead Atlanta" multi-use project, and many of the former bars and clubs were razed in 2007.[13]

Charlie Loudermilk Park and the Buckhead Theater in Buckhead Village

In 2008, a newsletter [14] by the Fulton County Taxpayers Foundation began circulating that proposed the secession of Buckhead into its own city after more than 50 years as part of Atlanta. This came on the heels of neighboring Sandy Springs, which finally became a city in late 2005 after a 30-year struggle to incorporate, and which triggered other such incorporations in metro Atlanta's northern suburbs. Like those cities, the argument to create a city of Buckhead is based on the desire for more local control and lower taxes.

Geography

Buckhead was originally the central area now called "Buckhead Village". The current usage of the term Buckhead roughly covers the interior of the "V" formed by Interstate 85 on the east and Interstate 75 on the west. Buckhead is bordered by Cumberland and Vinings in Cobb County to the northwest, the city of Sandy Springs to the north, Brookhaven and North Druid Hills in DeKalb County to the east, Midtown Atlanta to the south, and West Midtown to the west.

Neighborhoods

Buckhead comprises most of the neighborhoods of Atlanta's north side, 43 in total.[15][16]

The southernmost area around the Brookwood and Ardmore neighborhoods is sometimes regarded as a separate neighborhood of "South Buckhead".[17][18][19]

Demographics
The Waldorf Astoria, Atlanta

Since at least the 1950s, Buckhead has been known as a district of extreme wealth, with the western and northern neighborhoods being virtually unrivaled in the Southeast. In 2011, The Gadberry Group compiled the list of the 50 wealthiest zip codes in the United States, ranking Buckhead's western zip code (30327) as the second wealthiest zip code in the South (behind Palm Beach's 33480) and the second wealthiest zip code east of California and south of Virginia.[20] The same group reported the average household income at $280,631, with an average household net worth of $1,353,189.[20] These 2011 figures are up from a similar 2005 study that pegged Buckhead as the wealthiest community in the South and the only settlement south of the Washington D.C. suburb of Great Falls, and east of the Phoenix suburb of Paradise Valley to be among the 50 wealthiest communities in the country.[21] However, according to Forbes magazine, (30327) is the ninth-wealthiest zip code in the nation, with a household income in excess of $341,000.[22] The Robb Report magazine has consistently ranked Buckhead one of the nation's "10 Top Affluent Communities" due to "the most beautiful mansions, best shopping, and finest restaurants in the Southeastern United States".[23][24][25][26][27] Due to its wealth, Buckhead is sometimes promoted as the "Beverly Hills of the East" or "Beverly Hills of the South" in reference to Beverly Hills, California, an area to which it is often compared.[28][29]

Economy
A portion of the Buckhead skyline seen from Lenox Square

At the heart of Buckhead around the intersections of Lenox, Peachtree and Piedmont Roads, is a shopping district with more than 1,500 retail units where shoppers spend more than $3 billion a year.[30] In addition, Buckhead contains the highest concentration of upscale boutiques in the United States.[31] The majority are located at Lenox Square and Phipps Plaza, sister regional malls located diagonally across from each other at the intersection of Peachtree and Lenox Roads. The malls are home to designer boutiques, mainstream national retailers, as well as six major department stores. This commercial core also has a concentration of "big-box" retailers. The "Buckhead Atlanta" mixed-use development brought even more exclusive boutiques, restaurants, hotels, condos and office space to the heart of Buckhead in 2014.[13][32] The name of the project was rebranded as 'Buckhead Atlanta'.[33]

The Alhambra, historic apartments in the Garden Hills neighborhood

Buckhead is also a center for healthcare, and is home both to Piedmont Hospital and the private, catastrophic care hospital Shepherd Center which specializes in spinal cord injury and acquired brain injury. The two hospitals are located adjacent to one another along Peachtree Road. (This location is known as "Cardiac Hill" by runners of the annual Peachtree Road Race.[34])

Buckhead is also the location of a large share of Atlanta's diplomatic missions. Consulates in Buckhead include the Consulate-General of Australia and the Australian Trade Commission,[35] the Consulate-General of France and the French Trade Commission,[36] the Consulate-General of Brazil, the Consulate-General of Japan,[37][38] and the Consulate of Greece.[39]

The Buckhead skyline

Cityscape
The Sovereign Building completed in late 2008, is Buckhead's tallest building.

While much of west and north Buckhead is preserved as single-family homes in forested settings, the Peachtree Road corridor has become a major focus of high-rise construction. The first 400-foot (121 m) office tower, Tower Place, opened in 1974. Park Place, built in 1986, was the first 400+ foot (121+ m) condominium building. 1986 also saw the completion of the 425-foot (129 m), 34-story Atlanta Plaza, then Buckhead's tallest and largest building. In 2000, Park Avenue Condominiums pushed the record to 486 feet (148 m). Since that time, a wave of development has followed. The 660-foot (201 m) Sovereign and 580-foot (177 m) Mandarin Oriental, now renamed the Waldorf-Astoria, were completed in 2008. Many luxury high-rise apartment buildings have been built recently, including the 26-story Post Alexander High Rise in 2014 and the 26-story Skyhouse Buckhead in 2014. Today, Buckhead has over 50 high-rise buildings, almost one-third of the city's total.[40]

Education

Primary and secondary schools

Public schools in Buckhead are administered by Atlanta Public Schools.

The following public elementary schools serve Buckhead:

The area is served by Sutton Middle School and North Atlanta High School.

The Galloway School

By 2012, due to overall population increases in Buckhead, many schools became increasingly crowded. Brandon Elementary was at 97% capacity, Garden Hills was at 102% capacity, E. Rivers was at 121% capacity, and Sutton was at 150% capacity. In the round of school zone change proposals in 2012, Ernie Suggs of the Atlanta Journal Constitution said that the zones of Buckhead "remained pretty much intact."[41]

There is an area charter school, Atlanta Classical Academy.

Local private schools include the Atlanta International School, the Atlanta Speech School, Christ the King School, the Atlanta Girls School, The Galloway School, Holy Spirit Preparatory School, Trinity School, The Lovett School, Pace Academy, and The Westminster Schools.

Colleges and universities

Georgia State University's J. Mack Robinson College of Business' Buckhead Center is located in the heart of Buckhead. This facility houses Georgia State's Executive MBA program. Its "Leadership Speaker Series", which showcases an agenda of executive officers from prestigious, well-known companies is also hosted at their Buckhead Center.[46]

The University of Georgia's Terry College of Business Executive Education Center is located in Buckhead. This facility houses the University's executive MBA program and Terry Third Thursday, a lecture series featuring business leaders.

Public libraries

There are two branches of the Atlanta-Fulton Public Library System in Buckhead: Northside Branch and Buckhead Branch.[42]

Transportation

Roadways
The Georgia Governor's Mansion, located on West Paces Ferry Road

The main north-south street of Buckhead is Peachtree Road, which extends south into the heart of the city as Peachtree Street, Atlanta's main street. This name change is significant in that it defines a border between Buckhead and Midtown. The main east-west street is Paces Ferry Road, named for a former ferry that used to cross the Chattahoochee River. Hardy Pace, one of Atlanta's founders, operated the ferry and owned much of what is now Buckhead. In addition to Peachtree and West Paces Ferry Roads, other arterial roads include Piedmont Road (Georgia 237), Roswell Road (Georgia State Route 9), and Northside Parkway.

Mass transit

In the early 1990s, after a bitter fight against GDOT by residents, Buckhead was split in two by Georgia 400, a tolled extension of a freeway connecting I-285 to I-85. However, MARTA's Red Line extension was put in the highway's median, providing additional mass transit to Buckhead and Sandy Springs.[43][44][45]

MARTA operates three stations in Buckhead, the southernmost being Lindbergh Center. Just north of there, the Red and Gold lines split, with the Gold Line's Lenox station at the southwest corner of the Lenox Square parking lot, and the Red Line's Buckhead station on the west side of the malls where Peachtree crosses 400. A free circulator bus called "the buc" (Buckhead Uptown Connection) stops at all three stations. The proposed extension of the Atlanta Streetcar to Buckhead (nicknamed the "Peachtree Streetcar" because it would run along Peachtree Street in Downtown Atlanta and Peachtree Road in Buckhead) would provide street-level service with frequent stops all the way to downtown Atlanta, complementing the existing subway-type MARTA train service for the area.[46][45][47]

Pedestrians and cycling

Bike Share
In 2017, the Relay Bike Share program expanded into Buckhead. Three new stations were installed with plans to add more in the future.[49][50]

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See also

References
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  2. Krakow, Kenneth K. (1975). Georgia Place-Names: Their History and Origins (PDF). Macon, GA: Winship Press. p. 27. ISBN 0-915430-00-2.
  3. "How Buckhead Got Its Name - 90.1 FM WABE". Wabe.org. 28 October 2013.
  4. "Atlanta, Georgia – History, historic". Buckhead. Retrieved 2011-03-29.
  5. "Buckhead, Atlanta". Forbes.com.
  6. "In the 1980s an effort was made to change the name to Atlanta Heights, to no avail. The people preferred the picturesque name of Buckhead." in The Atlanta Historical Bulletin, Volume 1 (1927), p.26
  7. ""atlanta heights" - Google Search". Google.com.
  8. Scott Henry, "Buckhead's black past: Historians are finding a rich African-American history in Atlanta's whitest neighborhood", Creative Loafing, June 6, 2012
  9. "Buckhead Village BAR BRAWL: Critics try to pressure landlords of busy clubs". Thebuckheadalliance.org.
  10. Jr, Harry Lyles (2019-01-31). "How Ray Lewis' Super Bowl night in Buckhead changed Atlanta forever". SBNation.com. Retrieved 2019-01-31.
  11. Scott Henry, "Buckhead Rising", Creative Loafing, 2006-05-31
  12. Jr, Harry Lyles (2019-01-31). "How Ray Lewis' Super Bowl night in Buckhead changed Atlanta forever". SBNation.com. Retrieved 2019-01-31.
  13. Clark Dean, "Lost in Buckhead Atlanta", Atlanta Business Journal, June 29, 2011
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  16. NPU B Map, City of Atlanta Online Archived 2011-08-13 at the Wayback Machine
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  21. "EXPLORING AMERICA'S RICHEST ZIP CODES". Adage.com.
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  25. "Mobil Travel Guide 49th Annual Five-Star Awards". Mobil. Archived from the original on 2007-11-21. Retrieved 2007-01-16.
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  34. Karkaria, Urvaksh (2008-09-15). "Piedmont Healthcare launches $525M plan".
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  36. "THE CONSULATE GENERAL OF FRANCE IN ATLANTA IS MOVING Archived 2011-07-18 at the Wayback Machine." French Consulate General, Atlanta. Retrieved on September 19, 2010.
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  40. Emporis Building Database: Buckhead Atlanta Archived 2007-02-18 at the Wayback Machine
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