Boukoleon Palace

The Palace of Boukoleon (Greek: Βουκολέων) or Bucoleon was one of the Byzantine palaces in Constantinople (present-day Istanbul in Turkey.) The palace is located on the shore of the Sea of Marmara, to the south of the Hippodrome and east of the Little Hagia Sophia.

The Bucoleon Palace as it survives today
One of the stone lions at the entrance to the Bucoleon harbour, today at the Istanbul Archaeological Museums
Fragments from the palace at the Istanbul Archaeological Museums

Names

Hormisdas is an earlier name of the place. The name Bucoleon was probably attributed after the end of the 6th century under Justinian I, when the small harbour in front of the palace, which is now filled, was constructed. According to tradition, a statue featuring a bull and a lion stood there, giving the port its name (βοῦς and λέων are Greek for "bull" and "lion" respectively). The palace is accordingly also called the "House of Hormisdas" and "House of Justinian".

History

Boukoleon palace was probably built during the reign of Theodosius II in the 5th century.[1] Emperor Theophilos rebuilt and expanded the palace, adding a large façade on top of the seaward walls and in 969 Emperor Nikephoros II built a circuit wall.[2] Boukoleon would remain the main palace for the Byzantine court until the 11th century with the construction of the Palace of Blachernae by the Komnenos dynasty.[3]

Boukoleon was still used for state meetings; 1161 with the sultan of Rum, Kilij Arslan II, and 1171 with the King of Jerusalem, Amalric,[4] and served as a religious meeting place, when Emperor Manuel I Komnenos held a church council in 1166.[4]

Boukoleon housed the regalia of the Byzantine emperors, and the palace chapel included sacred relics.[4] Access to the palace chapel was restricted, but despite this there are indications it was part of Christian pilgrimages.[4]

Fourth crusade

In the 1204 sacking of Constantinople during the Fourth Crusade, Boukoleon was taken by Boniface of Montferrat who:

"rode all along the shore to the palace of Bucoleon, and when he arrived there it surrendered, on condition that the lives of all therein should be spared. At Bucoleon were found the larger number of the great ladies who had fled to the castle, for there were found the sister of the King of France, who had been empress, and the sister of the King of Hungary, who had also been empress, and other ladies very many. Of the treasure that was found in that palace I cannot well speak, for there was so much that it was beyond end or counting." (Villehardouin)

Among the prizes, then, was Empress Margaret, daughter of Bela III of Hungary, whom Boniface married. During the subsequent Latin Empire (1204–1261), the Bucoleon continued to be used as an imperial residence. After the recapture of the city by Michael VIII Palaiologos, however, the palace, along with the entire Great Palace complex, was gradually abandoned in favour of the Blachernae Palace.

When Mehmet II, the Ottoman emperor, entered the city in 1453, it was noted that the then-famous palace still stood, albeit in ruins. Upon his entrance to the palace, he allegedly uttered:

The spider weaves the curtains
in the palace of the Caesars
The owl calls the watches
in the towers of Afrasiab.

Modern day

The ruins of the palace were partially destroyed in 1873 to make way for the railway line to Sirkeci. The ruins suggest that a balcony looking out to the sea was present, accessible through three marble-framed doorways, still visible today.

In 2018, it was announced by the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality that the palace would be restored by the Cultural and Natural Heritage Conservation Board. It is planned that the palace will become an open-air museum with "a timber walking trail for visitors, a museum, and a pool." [5]

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See also

References
  1. McCormick 2000, p. 137.
  2. Bardill 2004, p. 147.
  3. Magdalino 2011, p. 139.
  4. Magdalino 2011, p. 140.
  5. "Byzantine Palace to become open air museum". Hürriyet Daily News. Retrieved 2018-08-07.

Sources
  • Bardill, Jonathan (2004). Brickstamps of Constantinople. Oxford University Press.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Magdalino, Paul (2011). "Court and Capital in Byzantium". In Duindam, Jeroen; Artan, Tülay; Kunt, Metin (eds.). Royal Courts in Dynastic States and Empires: A Global Perspective. Vol. 1. Brill.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • McCormick, Michael (2000). "Emperor and Court". In Cameron, Averil; Ward-Perkins, Bryan; Whitby, Michael (eds.). The Cambridge Ancient History:Late Antiquity:Empire and Successors, A.D.425-600. Vol. XIV. Cambridge University Press.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)

Further reading
  • Cyril Mango. The Palace of the Boukoleon. In: Cahiers Archéologiques 45, 1997.

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