Bothriembryontidae

Bothriembryontidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Orthalicoidea.

Bothriembryontidae
A shell of the subspecies Placostylus ambagiosus priscus
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Heterobranchia
Superorder: Eupulmonata
Order: Stylommatophora
Informal group: Sigmurethra
Superfamily: Orthalicoidea
Family: Bothriembryontidae
Iredale, 1937
Genera

See text

Synonyms[1][2]

Placostylidae Pilsbry, 1946[3]

Eumecostylus hargravesi from the Solomon Islands.

Taxonomy

This family has been named Placostylidae and had no subfamilies (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).[4]

Breure et al. (2010)[5] moved Prestonella and Bothriembryon to Placostylidae.

Breure & Romero (2012)[2] confirmed previous results from 2010 and they renamed Placostylidae to Bothriembryontidae.[2]

  • subfamily Bothriembryontinae Iredale, 1937
  • subfamily Placostylinae Pilsbry, 1946 - for species from New Zealand and Melanesia[2]

Prestonellinae was formally described as a new subfamily within Bothriembryontidae in 2016.[6] Therefore three subfamilies are recognized in Bothriembryontidae:

  • subfamily Bothriembryontinae Iredale, 1937
  • subfamily Placostylinae Pilsbry, 1946
  • Prestonellinae van Bruggen, Herbert & Breure, 2016[6]

Genera

Genera within the family Bothriembryontidae include:

Bothriembryontinae

Placostylinae

Prestonellinae

subfamily?

  • Aspastus Albers, 1850[7]
  • Callistocharis Pilsbry, 1900[7]
  • Euplacostylus Crosse, 1875[7]
  • Poecilocharis Kobelt, 1891[7]
  • Santacharis Iredale, 1927[7]

A cladogram based on nuclear ITS2, 28S rRNA and histone 3 (H3) and sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome-c oxidase I (COI) genes showing phylogenic relations of Bothriembryontidae by Breure & Romero (2012):[2]

Bothriembryontidae
 
 
 
Plectostylus

Plectostylus peruvianus

 
Discoleus

Discoleus ameghinoi

 
 
Prestonella
 

Prestonella bowkeri

 
 

Prestonella nuptialis

 
 
 
Bothriembryon
 

Bothriembryon dux

 
 

Bothriembryon indutus

 
 
 
 
Placostylus
 

Placostylus eddystonensis

 
 

Placostylus ambagiosus

 
 
 
Eumecostylus

Eumecostylus uliginosus

 
Placocharis

Placocharis strangei

 
 
 
 

Distribution

Bothriembryontidae have Gondwanan distribution.[2]

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References
  1. MolluscaBase (2018). Helicina. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=994701 on 2018-02-22
  2. Breure A. S. H. & Romero P. (2012). "Support and surprises: molecular phylogeny of the land snail superfamily Orthalicoidea using a three-locus gene analysis with a divergence time analysis and ancestral area reconstruction (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora)". Archiv für Molluskenkunde: International Journal of Malacology 141(1): 1-20. doi:10.1127/arch.moll/1869-0963/141/001-020.
  3. Pilsbry H. A. (1946). "Notes on the anatomy of Australian and Galapagos Bulimidae (Mollusca, Pulmonata)." Notulae Naturae of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 168: 1-4. Placostylidae is on the page 3.
  4. Bouchet, Philippe; Rocroi, Jean-Pierre; Frýda, Jiri; Hausdorf, Bernard; Ponder, Winston; Valdés, Ángel & Warén, Anders (2005). "Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families". Malacologia. Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks. 47 (1–2): 1–397. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. ISSN 0076-2997.
  5. Breure A. S. H., Groenenberg D. S. J. & Schilthuizen M. (2010). "New insights in the phylogenetic relations within the Orthalicoidea (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora) based on 28S sequence data". Basteria 74(1-3): 25-31.
  6. Bruggen A. C. van, Herbert D. G. & Breure A. S. H. (2016). "Prestonellinae – validation of the name as a new subfamily of Bothriembryontidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Orthalicoidea)". Zootaxa 4084: 590–592.
  7. Breure A. S. H. & Ablett J. D. (2012) "Annotated type catalogue of the Bothriembryontidae and Odontostomidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Orthalicoidea) in the Natural History Museum, London". ZooKeys 182: 1-70. doi:10.3897/zookeys.182.2720.

Further reading
  • (in German) Neubert E. & Janssen R. (2004). "Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums Senckenberg, 84: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Orthalicoidea: Bulimulidae (2), Orthalicidae, Placostylidae". Archiv für Molluskenkunde 133: 193-297. abstract.
  • Pilsbry H. A. (1900). Manual of Conchology, structural and systematic, with illustrations of the species. Second series: Pulmonata. Volume 13. Australasian Bulimulidae: Bothriembryon, Placostylus. Helicidae: Amphidromus. 253 pp., 72 plates.
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