Bolshaya Izhora

Bolshaya Izhora (Russian: Больша́я Ижо́ра) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Lomonosovsky District of Leningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the southern shore of the Gulf of Finland. It is adjacent from the west to Saint Petersburg. Population: 3,314 (2010 Census);[3] 3,831 (2002 Census);[8] 3,967 (1989 Census).[9]

Bolshaya Izhora

Большая Ижора
Urban-type settlement[1]
Location of Bolshaya Izhora
Bolshaya Izhora
Location of Bolshaya Izhora
Bolshaya Izhora
Bolshaya Izhora (Leningrad Oblast)
Coordinates: 59°56′40″N 29°34′30″E
CountryRussia
Federal subjectLeningrad Oblast
Administrative districtLomonosovsky District[1]
Urban-type settlement status sinceAugust 27, 1939[2]
Elevation
8 m (26 ft)
Population
 • Total3,314
 • Estimate 
(2018)[4]
2,851 (-14%)
 • Municipal districtLomonosovsky Municipal District[5]
 • Urban settlementBolsheizhorskoye Urban Settlement[5]
 • Capital ofBolsheizhorskoye Urban Settlement[5]
Time zoneUTC+3 (MSK [6])
Postal code(s)[7]
188531
OKTMO ID41630154051

History

Bolshaya Izhora was established as a merger of several settlements: the selo of Bolshaya Izhora, the village of Sagomilye, and two suburban settlements, Primorsky Khutor and Pilnaya. The oldest of them (Pilnaya) was known since the 17th century, when a mill and a sawmill were in operation. In 1774, the Pilnaya Estate was built by Anastasiya Bibikova, the widow of general Alexander Ilyich Bibikov. Eventually, her son, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Bibikov, also a military officer, inherited the estate. The lands around Bolshaya Izhora originally belonged to Alexander Menshikov, and in the 19th century for some time to Grand Duke Michael, a brother of Tsar Nicholas I. The area remained largely unpopulated until the railway was opened in 1864. In the beginning of the 20th century, Bolshaya Izhora was a popular summer holiday destination. Until 1918, it had boat connections with Kronstadt every summer.[10]

In the beginning of the 20th century, Bolshaya Izhora was a part of Petergofsky Uyezds of Saint Petersburg Governorate, with the center in Petergof. The governorate was renamed Petrograd in 1914 and Leningrad in 1924. On February 14, 1923 Petergofsky Uyezd was merged with Detskoselsky Uyezd to form Gatchinsky Uyezd, with the administrative center located in Gatchina.[11] On February 14, 1923 Gatchina was renamed Trotsk, and Gatchinsky Uyezd was renamed Trotsky Uyezd, after Leon Trotsky.[12]

On August 1, 1927, the uyezds were abolished and Oranienbaumsky District, with the administrative center in the town of Oranienbaum, was established. The governorates were also abolished, and the district was a part of Leningrad Okrug of Leningrad Oblast. Bolshaya Izhora was a part of the district. On July 23, 1930, the okrugs were abolished as well, and the districts were directly subordinated to the oblast. On August 27, 1939 Bolshaya Izhora was made an urban-type settlement. Between August 1941 and January 1944 the eastern part of the district, including Bolshaya Izhora, served as a territory, known as Oranienbaum Bridgehead, which protected the city of Leningrad form German troops. On February 23, 1948 the town of Oranienbaum was renamed Lomonosov to commemorate Mikhail Lomonosov, and the district was renamed Lomonosovsky.[2]

Economy

During the Soviet period, before 1991, the economy of Bolshaya Izhora was based on military installations, which were since made a joint-stock company and still employs a fraction of population of the settlement. Bolshaya Izhora was an area of limited access. As of 2013, 81% of all lands in Bolshaya Izhora still belonged to the Defence Ministry, Bolshaya Izhora had no industrial enterprises, and its population were daily commuting to Saint Petersburg for work. Hopes were raised that some day it could rely on tourism, but as of 2013 there were no specific plans of the tourist infrastructure developments.[13]

Transportation

Bolshaya Izhora has two railway stations on the railway connecting the Baltiysky railway station of Saint Petersburg with Veymarn, Bolshaya Izhora and Dubochki.

Bolshaya Izhora is located on the A121 highway (Krasnoflotskoye Highway) which follows the southern shore of the Gulf of Finland and connects Saint Petersburg and Sosnovy Bor. It is also the northwestern terminus of the A120 highway which encircles Saint Petersburg from the south. There are frequent bus connections to Saint Petersburg.

Culture and recreation

The district contains two objects classified as cultural and historical heritage of local significance. Both are graves of soldiers fallen in World War II.[14]

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References

Notes
  1. Государственный комитет Российской Федерации по статистике. Комитет Российской Федерации по стандартизации, метрологии и сертификации. №ОК 019-95 1 января 1997 г. «Общероссийский классификатор объектов административно-территориального деления. Код 41 230 554 000», в ред. изменения №278/2015 от 1 января 2016 г.. (State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation. Committee of the Russian Federation on Standardization, Metrology, and Certification. #OK 019-95 January 1, 1997 Russian Classification of Objects of Administrative Division (OKATO). Code 41 230 554 000, as amended by the Amendment #278/2015 of January 1, 2016. ).
  2. "Archived copy" Ораниенбаумский район (авг.1927 - фев. 1948 г .), Ломоносовский район (фев.1948 - фев. 196З, янв.1965) (in Russian). Система классификаторов исполнительных органов государственной власти Санкт-Петербурга. Archived from the original on November 3, 2013. Retrieved March 13, 2013.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  3. Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
  4. "26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved 23 January 2019.
  5. Law #117-oz
  6. "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). 3 June 2011. Retrieved 19 January 2019.
  7. Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
  8. Russian Federal State Statistics Service (21 May 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек" [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
  9. "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров" [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
  10. "Archived copy" Пильная Мыза - Везенберг - Приморский хутор - Большая Ижора (in Russian). Большая Ижора. Archived from the original on 14 August 2012. Retrieved 20 March 2013.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  11. "Archived copy" Царскосельский уезд (1917 - нояб. 1918), Детскосельский уезд (ноябрь1918 - фев.1923) (in Russian). Система классификаторов исполнительных органов государственной власти Санкт-Петербурга. Archived from the original on May 19, 2013. Retrieved January 24, 2013.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  12. "Archived copy" Гатчинский уезд (февр. 1923-авг. 1927) (in Russian). Система классификаторов исполнительных органов государственной власти Санкт-Петербурга. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved February 8, 2013.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  13. Буренина, Светлана (March 13, 2013). Большие планы Большой Ижоры. ВЕСТИ он-лайн (in Russian). Saint Petersburg. Retrieved 20 March 2013.
  14. Памятники истории и культуры народов Российской Федерации (in Russian). Russian Ministry of Culture. Retrieved 2 June 2016.

Sources
  • Законодательное собрание Ленинградской области. Областной закон №32-оз от 15 июня 2010 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Ленинградской области и порядке его изменения», в ред. Областного закона №23-оз от 8 мая 2014 г. «Об объединении муниципальных образований "Приморское городское поселение" Выборгского района Ленинградской области и "Глебычевское сельское поселение" Выборгского района Ленинградской области и о внесении изменений в отдельные Областные законы». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Вести", №112, 23 июня 2010 г. (Legislative Assembly of Leningrad Oblast. Oblast Law #32-oz of June 15, 2010 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Leningrad Oblast and on the Procedures for Its Change, as amended by the Oblast Law #23-oz of May 8, 2014 On Merging the Municipal Formations of "Primorskoye Urban Settlement" in Vyborgsky District of Leningrad Oblast and "Glebychevskoye Rural Settlement" in Vyborgsky District of Leningrad Oblast and on Amending Various Oblast Laws. Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
  • Законодательное собрание Ленинградской области. Областной закон №117-оз от 24 декабря 2004 г. «Об установлении границ и наделении соответствующим статусом муниципального образования Ломоносовский муниципальный район и муниципальных образований в его составе», в ред. Областного закона №43-оз от 27 июня 2013 г. «О присоединении деревни Большая Загвоздка к городу Гатчина и о внесении изменений в некоторые Областные законы в сфере административно-территориального устройства Ленинградской области». Вступил в силу через 10 дней со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Вестник Правительства Ленинградской области", №45, 30 декабря 2004 г. (Legislative Assembly of Leningrad Oblast. Oblast Law #117-oz of December 24, 2004 On Establishing the Borders of and Granting an Appropriate Status to the Municipal Formation of Lomonosovsky Municipal District and to the Municipal Formations Comprising It, as amended by the Oblast Law #43-oz of June 27, 2013 On Merging the Village of Bolshaya Zagvozdka into the Town of Gatchina and on Amending Various Oblast Laws on the Subject of the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Leningrad Oblast. Effective as of after 10 days from the day of the official publication.).
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