Blue-gray gnatcatcher

The blue-gray gnatcatcher or blue-grey gnatcatcher (Polioptila caerulea) is a very small songbird, 10–13 cm (3.9–5.1 in) in length and weighing only 5–7 g (0.18–0.25 oz).[2][3] Adult males are blue-gray on the upperparts with white underparts, have a slender dark bill, and a long black tail edged in white. Females are less blue, while juveniles are greenish-gray. Both sexes have a white eye ring.

Blue-gray gnatcatcher
Call recorded in Minnesota

Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Polioptilidae
Genus: Polioptila
Species:
P. caerulea
Binomial name
Polioptila caerulea
(Linnaeus, 1766)
Synonyms

Motacilla caerulea Linnaeus, 1766

Blue-gray Gnatcatcher gleaning a spider. Sacramento, California

The blue-gray gnatcatcher's breeding habitat includes open deciduous woods and shrublands in southern Ontario, the eastern and southwestern United States, and Mexico. Though gnatcatcher species are common and increasing in number while expanding to the northeast,[4] it is the only one to breed in Eastern North America. Both parents build a cone-like nest on a horizontal tree branch, and share feeding the young. The incubation period is 13 days for both sexes, and two broods may be raised in a season.

Blue-gray gnatcatcher in Arastradero Preserve in Palo Alto, California

These birds migrate to the southern United States, Mexico, northern Central America-(Belize, Guatemala, and Honduras), Cuba, Bahamas, Turks and Caicos Islands, and the Cayman Islands.

They forage actively in trees or shrubs, mainly eating insects, insect eggs and spiders. They may hover over foliage while snatching prey (gleaning), or fly to catch insects in flight (hawking).

The tail is often held upright while defending territory or searching for food.

Sounds

The songs (and calls) are often heard on breeding grounds, (usually away from nest) and occasionally heard other times of the year. Calls: "zkreee, zkreee, zkreee", Songs: "szpree zpree spreeeeey spree spre sprzrreeeee"

Breeding

Both parents build a cone-like nest on a horizontal tree branch, and share feeding the young. The incubation period is 13 days for both sexes, and two broods may be raised in a season.

Blue-gray gnatcatcher nest made of lichens, hair, and spiderwebs
gollark: Rails are not, sadly, without cost.
gollark: PatriikPlayz. How is the tunneling going? I hope you've actually been gathering iron from it for my uses.
gollark: Yes, I know.
gollark: It's higher on advanced turtles, which is one of their few advantages.
gollark: Yes.

References
  1. BirdLife International (2015). "Polioptila caerulea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015. Retrieved 1 June 2016.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  2. "Blue-gray Gnatcatcher". All About Birds. Cornell Lab of Ornithology.
  3. "Blue-gray Gnatcatcher Polioptila caerulea". eNature.com. Archived from the original on 2012-04-28.
  4. Greenberg, Russell (2001). Birds of North America. Sean Moore.
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