Bill Masterton

William John Masterton (August 13, 1938 – January 15, 1968) was a Canadian American professional ice hockey centre who played in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Minnesota North Stars in 1967–68. He is the only player in NHL history to die as a direct result of injuries suffered during a game, the result of massive head injuries suffered following a hit during a January 13, 1968, contest against the Oakland Seals.

Bill Masterton
Born	(1938-08-13)August 13, 1938 Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
Died	January 15, 1968(1968-01-15) (aged 29) Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S.
Height	6 ft 0 in (183 cm)
Weight	185 lb (84 kg; 13 st 3 lb)
Position	Centre
Shot	Right
Played for	Minnesota North Stars
National team	United States
Playing career	1961–1968

A college standout with the Denver Pioneers, Masterton was a member of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) championship teams in 1960 and 1961, was twice an NCAA All-Star and was the most valuable player of the 1961 NCAA Division I Men's Ice Hockey Tournament. He briefly played in the Montreal Canadiens organization before settling in Minnesota where he played senior hockey. The NHL's 1967 expansion offered an opportunity to play for the newly founded North Stars, for whom he scored the first goal in the franchise's history.

Masterton's death sparked a long-running debate in hockey about the merits of wearing helmets, as few NHL players did so in that time. Despite several efforts to mandate their use, it was 11 years before the NHL made them compulsory for all new players beginning in the 1979–80 season. In his memory, the NHL created the Bill Masterton Memorial Trophy which it has awarded since 1968 to a player who demonstrates perseverance and dedication to hockey. The North Stars retired his jersey number 19, an honour that followed the franchise when it later relocated to Dallas, Texas.

Playing career

A native of Winnipeg, Manitoba, Masterton played two seasons of junior hockey with the St. Boniface Canadiens in the Manitoba Junior Hockey League (MJHL). He averaged a goal per game and finished with 49 points in 22 games in 1955–56 as the Canadiens won the Turnbull Cup.[1][2] He added eight points in six games during the Memorial Cup playdowns, however St. Boniface failed to reach the national championship final.[1] Following a second season in which he recorded 53 points in 30 games, Masterton chose to attend the University of Denver where he was offered a scholarship to play with the Denver Pioneers hockey program.[3]

Masterton played three seasons in Denver between 1958 and 1961, appearing in a total of 89 games, scoring 66 goals and 196 points in that time.[4] At the time of his graduation, he was the Pioneers' all-time leading point scorer, a record he held for 25 years.[5] He was a two-time NCAA All-American and was twice named to the Western Collegiate Hockey Association (WCHA) All-Star team, earning both awards in 1960 and 1961.[1] Masterton led the WCHA in scoring in 1959–60 with 44 points in conference play,[6] and led Denver to the 1960 NCAA national championship.[7] Masterton served as team captain for 1960–61,[8] and was named the most valuable player of the 1961 national championship as he led Denver to a second consecutive title.[9] The Pioneers finished the season with a 30-1-1 record and were hailed as "the greatest hockey team to ever represent an American college or university."[10]

Turning to professional hockey after graduating with an engineering degree,[9] Masterton signed a contract with the Montreal Canadiens in 1961.[10] Led by Jean Béliveau and Henri Richard, the Canadiens were extremely deep at center, so Masterton was assigned to the Hull-Ottawa Canadiens of the Eastern Professional Hockey League.[3] He had 31 goals and 65 points for Hull-Ottawa,[1] placing him in the top ten in both categories.[3] Masterton was promoted to the Cleveland Barons of the American Hockey League (AHL) for the 1962–63 season, where he led the team with 82 points.[11] He finished as the runner up to Doug Robinson for the Dudley "Red" Garrett Memorial Award as the AHL's top rookie.[12]

Faced with little opportunity to make the Montreal roster,[3] Masterton left the professional game to complete his master's degree at the University of Denver.[9] He settled in Minneapolis, Minnesota, where he took a job in contracts administration.[13] He joined the Honeywell Corporation where he worked on the Apollo program.[14] He and his wife Carol adopted two children, Scott and Sally.[15]

After taking a year off from hockey in 1964, Masterton regained his amateur status so that he could play senior hockey in the United States Hockey League.[16] He played two seasons with the St. Paul Steers between 1964 and 1966.[17] Masterton became a naturalized American citizen, allowing him to join the United States National Team in 1966–67. He served as captain on that team and was considered its most valuable player.[18]

Minnesota North Stars

"Because he had a habit of giving everything he had for every second he was on the ice, Bill was the type of player who didn't have to score a lot of goals to help a club."

—North Stars coach Wren Blair describes Masterton's qualities as a player.[11]

The NHL expanded in 1967, doubling from 6 teams to 12. Among the new entries was the Minnesota North Stars.[11] The new team's coach and general manager, Wren Blair, had scouted Masterton while he played with the US Nationals and purchased his NHL playing rights from the Canadiens.[16] Masterton was the first player to sign with Minnesota,[11] agreeing to a two-year contract. He said prior to the start of the 1967–68 season that being able to play in Minnesota was key as he would have been unlikely to consider an offer with any other team.[3]

At the age of 29, Masterton made his NHL debut in the North Stars' inaugural game, played October 11, 1967, against the St. Louis Blues.[16] In that game, a 2–2 tie, Masterton scored the first goal in Minnesota franchise history.[14] His wife Carol later recalled that it was a "dream come true" for her husband: "He always wanted a shot at the NHL, and expansion was a wonderful thing for him and guys like him."[16] By mid-season, Masterton had scored 4 goals and 12 points in 38 games.[11]

Death

Masterton suffered a severe internal brain injury during the first period of Minnesota's January 13, 1968, game against the Oakland Seals at the Met Center.[19] He carried the puck up the ice at full speed, passing it off as two Seals defenders, Larry Cahan and Ron Harris, converged on him. Masterton was knocked backward in the resulting collision and landed on his head. Like most players of his era, he was not wearing a helmet.[11] Referee Wally Harris compared the hit to an explosion, adding "he was checked hard, but I'm sure it wasn't a dirty play."[11] The force of the impact caused Masterton to bleed from his nose, ears and mouth.[3] The impact of the hit caused him to lose consciousness before he hit the ice; according to some accounts, he briefly came to and muttered, "Never again, never again" before passing back out.[15] He received treatment on the ice and in the dressing room before being rushed to Fairview-Southdale Hospital.[3]

Carol, who was watching the game from the stands, and Masterton's parents, who were listening to the game from their home in Winnipeg, rushed to his bedside at the hospital.[16] He was attended to by two neurosurgeons and three other doctors.[19] They soon concluded that the injury was too severe for surgery to be a viable option.[3] Some 30 hours after his fall, on January 15, Masterton died without ever regaining consciousness. His parents, brother, wife and two children were at his side.[13] Masterton's Minnesota teammates, who were playing a game in Boston on the 14th, were informed that he had been removed from life support in the dressing room in what was ultimately a 9–2 loss to the Bruins.[16] He is the only player in NHL history to die as a direct result of an injury suffered on the ice.

Ron Harris was haunted for many years by his role in Masterton's death: "It bothers you the rest of your life. It wasn't dirty and it wasn't meant to happen that way. Still, it's very hard because I made the play. It's always in the back of my mind."[3] However, Masterton's family held no animosity towards the players involved or the game. Carol referred to the incident as a fluke, saying that it could have happened to anyone.[16]

Legacy

The Bill Masterton Memorial Trophy was created in 1968

Few NHL players wore helmets in 1968. According to several of Masterton's teammates, wearing a helmet was frowned upon in the NHL of that era; at least one North Star who wore a helmet during a game was traded after the season.[15] However, Masterton's death sparked an immediate debate on whether their use should be compulsory.[16] Legislators in New York considered a law to make their use mandatory,[20] and the NHL voted on and rejected a rule requiring players wear helmets three times by 1971.[21]

Some players began to wear helmets following Masterton's death,[16] but adoption was slow. Three years later, only six Minnesota players wore them, the most of any of the NHL's teams.[22] The "macho" attitude of the game, including fear of being called a coward, was an often cited reason for reluctance.[21] It was 11 years before the NHL finally mandated the use of helmets by all players entering the league beginning in the 1979–80 season.[23]

A later analysis by the Toronto Star in 2011 suggested that the "macho" attitude of the NHL in that era, as well as Masterton's aggressive playing style, played a significant role in his death. Coach Wren Blair believed that Masterton was playing through a pre-existing brain hemorrhage. He and the Stars' trainer had noticed Masterton's face was "blood red, almost purple," and were concerned enough that they wanted Masterton checked out by a doctor. However, Masterton brushed it off. Longtime NHL coach John Muckler, who was then the coach of the Stars' second-tier farm team, the Memphis South Stars, believed that Masterton may have suffered a brain injury as early as training camp. During the season, several players and coaches recalled seeing Masterton black out during rushes in practice. Goaltender Cesare Maniago recalled that the night before the fatal hit, Masterton had been complaining of severe migraines that he had had for over a week. They felt it caused what was otherwise viewed as a clean, albeit hard, bodycheck to turn fatal. Toronto neurosurgeon and concussion expert Charles Tator reviewed Masterton's autopsy and opined that Masterton had suffered second-impact syndrome, which occurs when a person suffers a second concussion on top of an earlier, untreated concussion. When this happens, it can cause rapid and often fatal brain swelling.[15]

Several awards were named in Masterton's memory. The Bill Masterton Memorial Trophy was created in 1968 under the trusteeship of the Professional Hockey Writers' Association and is presented annually to the "National Hockey League player who best exemplifies the qualities of perseverance, sportsmanship and dedication to hockey".[24] The University of Denver Pioneers hockey team named its most valuable player award after him,[25] and his Winnipeg high school, Miles Macdonell Collegiate, presents a scholarship in his name.[26] High schools in Bloomington, where the North Stars played their games, also award scholarships in Masterton's name.[16] The Minnesota North Stars pulled his jersey number 19 out of circulation following his death and formally retired it in 1987. That honour followed the franchise when it relocated south to become the Dallas Stars.[27]

Masterton was inducted into the Colorado Sports Hall of Fame in 1985,[28] and named to the NCAA's 50th anniversary team in 1997.[29]

Career statistics

				Regular season						Playoffs
Season	Team	League		GP	G	A	Pts	PIM		GP	G	A	Pts	PIM
1955–56	St. Boniface Canadiens	MJHL		22	23	26	49	16		4	4	2	6	2
1955–56	St. Boniface Canadiens	Mem-Cup		—	—	—	—	—		6	3	5	8	2
1956–57	St. Boniface Canadiens	MJHL		30	23	30	53	16		7	8	10	18	2
1958–59	Denver Pioneers	NCAA		23	21	28	49	6		—	—	—	—	—
1959–60	Denver Pioneers	WCHA		34	21	46	67	2		—	—	—	—	—
1960–61	Denver Pioneers	WCHA		32	24	56	80	4		—	—	—	—	—
1961–62	Hull-Ottawa Canadiens	EPHL		65	31	35	66	18		12	0	4	4	0
1962–63	Cleveland Barons	AHL		72	27	55	82	12		7	4	5	9	2
1965–66	St. Paul Steers	USHL		30	27	40	67	6		—	—	—	—	—
1966–67	United States	NAT TM		23	10	29	39	4		—	—	—	—	—
1967–68	Minnesota North Stars	NHL		38	4	8	12	4		—	—	—	—	—
NHL totals				38	4	8	12	4		—	—	—	—	—

Awards and honours

Award	Year
WCHA First All-Star Team	1959–60 1960–61	[1]
NCAA West All-American	1959–60 1960–61	[1]
All-NCAA All-Tournament First Team	1961	[30]
NCAA Championship Tournament Most Valuable Player	1961	[1]

See also

• List of ice hockey players who died during their playing career

References

• Career statistics: "Bill Masterton player card". National Hockey League. Retrieved 2013-02-26.

1. "Bill Masterton player profile". Hockey Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on 2007-12-04. Retrieved 2013-02-02.
2. "History". Manitoba Junior Hockey League. Archived from the original on 2011-11-08. Retrieved 2013-02-02.
3. Feige, Timothy (2011). Hockey's Greatest Tragedies. London, UK: Arcturus Publishing. pp. 158–163. ISBN 978-1-84837-742-4.
4. Bacher, Erich; Miller, Hannah R., eds. (2012). 2012–13 Denver Pioneers Hockey Media Guide. University of Denver. p. 94.
5. Bacher, Erich; Miller, Hannah R., eds. (2012). 2012–13 Denver Pioneers Hockey Media Guide. University of Denver. p. 106.
6. "Denver icers favored to whip CC in playoffs". Michigan Daily. 1960-03-06. p. 6. Retrieved 2013-02-02.
7. Bacher, Erich; Miller, Hannah R., eds. (2012). 2012–13 Denver Pioneers Hockey Media Guide. University of Denver. p. 97.
8. Bacher, Erich; Miller, Hannah R., eds. (2012). 2012–13 Denver Pioneers Hockey Media Guide. University of Denver. p. 90.
9. Podnieks, Andrew (2003). Players: The ultimate A–Z guide of everyone who has ever played in the NHL. Toronto: Doubleday Canada. pp. 546–547. ISBN 0-385-25999-9.
10. "Denver centre Bill Masterton signs pro contract with Habs". Montreal Gazette. 1961-09-06. p. 30. Retrieved 2013-02-02.
11. Pincus, Arthur (2006). The Official Illustrated NHL History. Montreal: Readers Digest. p. 123. ISBN 0-88850-800-X.
12. "Doug Robinson voted A.H.L.'s top rookie". Quebec Chronicle-Telegraph. 1963-05-14. p. 12. Retrieved 2013-02-27.
13. "Brain injuries takes life of Stars' Bill Masterton". Saskatoon Star-Phoenix. 1968-01-16. p. 12. Retrieved 2013-02-03.
14. "Remembering Minnesota's Bill Masterton". The Sports Network. 2008-01-16. Archived from the original on 2013-02-19. Retrieved 2013-02-03.
15. Cribb, Rob (2011-05-28). "Star investigation: What really killed NHL's Bill Masterton". Toronto Star. Retrieved 2013-02-03.
16. Murphy, Brian (2003-01-19). "Images still vivid". St. Paul Pioneer Press. p. C1. Retrieved 2013-02-03.(subscription required)
17. Heika, Mike (2008-01-15). "North Star player's death 40 years ago changed the game of hockey forever". Dallas Morning News. Retrieved 2013-02-27.
18. "Canada stymies U.S." Edmonton Journal. 1967-01-05. p. 8. Retrieved 2013-02-03.
19. "Masterton still critical". Montreal Gazette. 1968-01-15. p. 27. Retrieved 2013-02-03.
20. "Injury shelves 'Shoe'". Vancouver Sun. 1968-01-24. p. 22. Retrieved 2013-02-03.
21. "Helmet-maker uses space material". Montreal Gazette. 1971-11-02. p. 16. Retrieved 2013-02-03.
22. "Goldworthy enjoys streak". Calgary Herald. 1971-02-16. p. 22. Retrieved 2013-02-03.
23. "N.H.L. rules new players now must wear helmets". New York Times. 1979-08-06. Retrieved 2013-02-03.
24. "Bill Masterton Memorial Trophy". Hockey Hall of Fame. Retrieved 2013-02-03.
25. Bacher, Erich; Miller, Hannah R., eds. (2012). 2012–13 Denver Pioneers Hockey Media Guide. University of Denver. p. 102.
26. "Alumni of Distinction Inductees - Bill Masterton Class of 1955" (PDF). Miles MacDonnell Collegiate. June 2012. Retrieved 2013-02-03.
27. "Retired numbers". Dallas Stars Hockey Club. Retrieved 2013-02-03.
28. "Class of 1985 – William Masterton". Colorado Sports Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on 2013-04-14. Retrieved 2013-02-27.
29. "Division I 50th anniversary hockey team announced". National Collegiate Athletic Association. Retrieved 2013-02-27.
30. "NCAA Frozen Four Records" (PDF). NCAA.org. Retrieved 2013-06-19.

External links

• Biographical information and career statistics from NHL.com, or Eliteprospects.com, or Hockey-Reference.com, or Legends of Hockey, or The Internet Hockey Database

Awards and achievements
Preceded by Lou Angotti Bob Marquis Barry Urbanski	NCAA Tournament Most Outstanding Player 1961	Succeeded by Lou Angotti