Bessie Love

Bessie Love (born Juanita Horton; September 10, 1898 – April 26, 1986) was an American-British actress who achieved prominence playing innocent, young girls and wholesome leading ladies in silent and early sound films.[7] Her acting career spanned eight decades—from silent film to sound film, including theatre, radio, and television—and her performance in The Broadway Melody (1929) earned her a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress.[8]

Bessie Love
Love, c. 1923, photographed by Roman Freulich
Born
Juanita Horton

(1898-09-10)September 10, 1898
Midland, Texas, U.S.[1]
DiedApril 26, 1986(1986-04-26) (aged 87)[2]
London Borough of Hillingdon, UK
NationalityAmerican
Citizenship
  • American
  • British
Occupation
  • Actress
  • writer
Years active1915–1983
Height5 ft 0 in (152 cm)[1]
Spouse(s)
​
(
m. 1929; div. 1936)
Children1
Relatives
Awards
Signature

Early life
Horton as a child in Texas

Love was born Juanita Horton in Midland, Texas[1] to John Cross Horton and Emma Jane Horton (née Savage).[9] Her father was a cowboy and bartender,[10] while her mother worked in and managed restaurants.[11] She attended school in Midland until she was in the eighth grade,[12] when her family moved to Arizona, New Mexico, and then to California, where they settled in Hollywood.[2][13] When in Hollywood, her father became a chiropractor,[10] and her mother worked at the Jantzen's Knitwear and Bathing Suits factory.[14]

Career

The silent era

1915–20: Young ingenue
Love as Hulda, the Swedish maid, in The Flying Torpedo (1916), her second onscreen appearance

In June 1915, while a student at Los Angeles High School, Horton went to the set of a film to meet with actor Tom Mix, who had recommended that she visit him if she wanted to "get into pictures".[15] However, when Mix was unavailable, she was advised to meet with pioneering film director D. W. Griffith,[15] who put her under personal contract.[16] When it was decided that her given name was too long for theater marquees and too difficult to pronounce,[11] Griffith's associate Frank Woods gave Horton the stage name Bessie Love:[13][15] "Bessie, because any child can pronounce it. And Love, because we want everyone to love her!"[11] Love dropped out of high school to pursue her film career, but she completed her diploma in 1919.[17]

Griffith gave her a small role in his Intolerance (1916). Although Intolerance was her first performance to be filmed, it was her ninth film to be released.[11] The first films Love made were with Griffith's Fine Arts company, yet Intolerance was the only film that he formally directed.[lower-alpha 1]

Her "first role of importance"[18]—in the second of her films to be released—was in The Flying Torpedo (1916). She later appeared opposite William S. Hart in The Aryan and with Douglas Fairbanks in The Good Bad-Man, Reggie Mixes In, and The Mystery of the Leaping Fish (all 1916). This string of appearances and supporting roles led to her first starring role, in A Sister of Six (1916).[16] In her early career, she was likened to Mary Pickford,[19] and was called "Our Mary" by Griffith.[20]

As her roles got larger, her popularity gradually grew. In early 1918, Love left Fine Arts for a better contract with Pathé.[16] After the Pathé films were unsuccessful,[16] she signed a nine-film contract with Vitagraph later that year,[lower-alpha 2][21] all of which were directed by David Smith. Her performances often received positive reviews, but her films often were shown at smaller movie theaters, which impacted the growth of her career.[22]

1921–28: Dramatic actress

Upon the completion of her Vitagraph contract, Love became a free agent. She took an active role in the management of her career, and was represented by Gerald C. Duffy, the former editor of Picture-Play Magazine.[23]

With Victory Bateman in Human Wreckage (1923)

Love sought roles that were different from the little girls she had portrayed earlier in her career when under contract to studios. She played Asian women in The Vermilion Pencil (1922) and The Purple Dawn (1923); a drug-addicted mother in Human Wreckage (1923); a woman accused of murder in The Woman on the Jury (1924); an underworld flapper in Those Who Dance (1924); and versions of her real-life self in Night Life in Hollywood (1922), Souls for Sale (1923), and Mary of the Movies (1923).

As a film star, she was expected to entertain studio executives at parties, so she learned to sing, dance, and play the ukulele.[24] She gradually honed these skills and later performed them onscreen and on the stage.[25][26] Because of her performance in The King on Main Street (1925), Love is credited with being the first person to dance the Charleston on film,[27] popularizing it in the United States. Her technique was documented in instructional guides,[28] including a series of photographs by Edward Steichen.[29] She subsequently performed the dance the following year in The Song and Dance Man.[30]

In 1925, she starred in The Lost World, a science fiction adventure based on the novel of the same name by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. In 1927, she appeared in the successful Dress Parade, and was so impressed by her experiences on location that she wrote the unpublished novel Military Mary.[31] A year later, she starred in The Matinee Idol, a romantic comedy directed by a young Frank Capra. Despite these successes, Love's career was on the decline.[32] She lived frugally so that she could afford lessons in singing and dancing.[33]

The sound era and stage work

1929–30: Musical comedy star
Love, photographed by Ruth Harriet Louise to promote The Broadway Melody (1929)

Love toured with a musical revue for sixteen weeks,[34] which was so physically demanding that she broke a rib.[35][36] The experience she gained on the vaudeville stage singing and dancing in three performances a day prepared her for the introduction of sound films.[37] She appeared in the successful sound musical short film The Swell Head in early 1928, and was signed to MGM later that year.[37]

In 1929, she appeared in her first feature-length sound film, the musical The Broadway Melody. Her performance earned her a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress, and the success of the film resulted in a five-year contract with MGM and an increase in her weekly salary from US$500 to $3,000 (equivalent to $45,000 in 2019)—$1,000 more than her male co-star Charles King.[38]

She appeared in several other early musicals, including 1929's The Hollywood Revue of 1929 and 1930's Chasing Rainbows, Good News, and They Learned About Women. Her success in these musicals earned her the title "the screen's first musical comedy star."[16]

1931–43: Semi-retirement

However, the popularity of musical films waned, again putting her career in decline. Love is quoted as saying of her career: "I guess I'm through. They don't seem to want me any more."[39] She shifted focus to her personal life, marrying in December 1929.

She semi-retired from films, and traveled with a musical revue that included clips from her films The Broadway Melody, The Hollywood Revue, and Chasing Rainbows.[40] While on tour, she learned she was pregnant with her daughter, who was born in 1932. Love stopped her stage work to raise her daughter. In 1935, Love moved to England,[41] briefly returning to the United States in 1936 to obtain a divorce.[3][42]

During World War II in Britain, when it was difficult to find employment as an actress, Love worked as the script supervisor on the film drama San Demetrio London (1943). She also worked for the American Red Cross.[43]

1944–83: Working actress

After the war, Love began acting again, this time primarily in the theater and on BBC Radio as a member of their Drama Repertory Company;[44] she also played small roles in British films, often as an American tourist.[45] Stage work included such productions as Love in Idleness (1944)[46] and Born Yesterday (1947).[46][47][48] She wrote and performed in The Homecoming, a semiautobiographical play, which opened in Perth, Scotland in 1958.[49][50] Film work included The Barefoot Contessa (1954) with Humphrey Bogart, and Ealing Studios' Nowhere to Go (1958), and she had supporting roles in The Greengage Summer (1961) starring Kenneth More, the James Bond thriller On Her Majesty's Secret Service (1969), and John Schlesinger's Sunday Bloody Sunday (1971). In addition to playing the mother of Vanessa Redgrave's titular character in Isadora (1968), Love also served as dialect coach to the actress.[51]

When television became popular, Love appeared in dozens of episodes of British television shows in the 1950s, '60s, and '70s. In October 1963, she became the subject of This Is Your Life when host Eamonn Andrews surprised her at the stage door of Never Too Late after its London opening.[52][53] Guests included London Scrapbook director Derrick De Marney,[54] her Forget Me Not (1922) co-star Gareth Hughes,[55] actor Percy Marmont,[54] her friend and Those Who Dance (1924) co-star Blanche Sweet,[54] and her daughter Patricia.[54]

Love appeared in John Osborne's play West of Suez (1971),[56][57] and as "Aunt Pittypat" in a large-scale musical version of Gone with the Wind (1972).[58] She also played Maud Cunard in the TV miniseries Edward & Mrs. Simpson in 1978. Her film work continued in the 1980s with roles in Ragtime (1981), Reds (1981), Lady Chatterley's Lover (1981), and—her final film—The Hunger (1983).

Personal life
Wedding portrait of Love and Hawks

Love married agent William Hawks at St. James' Episcopal Church in South Pasadena, California on December 27, 1929.[3][59] Mary Astor (Hawks's sister-in-law), Carmel Myers, and Norma Shearer were among her bridesmaids, with Irving Thalberg and Hawks's brother Howard serving as ushers. Following their wedding, the couple lived at the Havenhurst Apartments in Hollywood,[60][61] and their only child, Patricia, was born in 1932.[lower-alpha 3][3] Four years later, the couple divorced.[3]

Love moved to England with her daughter in 1935,[41] a year before her divorce was final. Her life in England kept her out of the eye of her American fans, which resulted in the American press erroneously reporting her as dead multiple times.[66][67][68][69] Love became a British subject in the late 1960s.[56]

Love was a Christian Scientist.[11][56]

Later years and death

After several years of declining health,[2][70] Love died at the Mount Vernon Hospital[70][71] in Northwood, London from natural causes on April 26, 1986.[2][70][71] Her ashes are interred at Breakspear Crematorium in Ruislip, Hillingdon, England.[72][73]

Legacy
Love's star on Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6777 Hollywood Blvd.

Cartoonist Alex Gard created a caricature of Love for Sardi's, the famed restaurant in Manhattan's Theater District.[74][75] It is now part of the Billy Rose Theatre Division of the New York Public Library for the Performing Arts.[74] Portraits of Love are also in the collections of the Smithsonian National Portrait Gallery in Washington, D.C.[76] and the National Portrait Gallery in London.[77]

Love periodically was interviewed by film historians, and was featured in the television documentary series The Hollywood Greats (1978)[78] and Hollywood: A Celebration of the American Silent Film (1980),[79] both about early filmmaking in Hollywood. She also loaned materials from her personal collection to museums.[lower-alpha 4] In 1962, she began contributing articles about her experiences to The Christian Science Monitor.[81] In 1977, she published an autobiography entitled From Hollywood with Love.[82]

For her contributions to the motion picture industry, Love was honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1960 at 6777 Hollywood Boulevard.[6]

On screen, stage, and radio
Main article: Bessie Love on screen, stage, and radio
gollark: What if we make it so that you can appoint lords much more easily, but they can only vote on one thing before they have to resign?
gollark: Fascinating.
gollark: I thought they stopped hereditary peerages from hereditating.
gollark: In a very real sense, all code in C is extremely horribly unsafe until you prove otherwise.
gollark: yes.

See also

References
Notes
  1. At Fine Arts, other directors would direct the films, but Griffith would direct the final rehearsal before filming.[16]
  2. All nine films with Vitagraph were made: 1918's The Dawn of Understanding; 1919's The Enchanted Barn, The Wishing Ring Man, A Yankee Princess, The Little Boss, Cupid Forecloses, Over the Garden Wall, and A Fighting Colleen; and 1920's Pegeen.
  3. The exact birthday of Patricia Hawks is February 19, 1932. She studied dance at the Ballet Rambert,[3] had bit parts in films in 1952,[62][63][64] and appeared in a West End production of Candide later that decade.[65] She married actor Julian Pepper,[3] with whom she had two children, Edmund and Hannah.[3]
  4. Love contributed to the exhibition 300 années de cinématographie, 60 ans de cinéma at the Musée d'Art Moderne de Paris in 1955.[80]
Citations
  1. Stars of the Photoplay. Chicago: Photoplay magazine. 1924.
  2. Folkart, Burt A. (April 29, 1986). "Bessie Love, Silent Screen Actress Discovered in 1915, Dies at 87". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved June 20, 2014.
  3. Kidd 1986, p. 67.
  4. Gebhart, Myrtle (March 11, 1922). "Pantomime Paragraphs from Hollywood". Pantomime. Vol. 2 no. 10. p. 24.
  5. Liebman, Roy (2000). Wampas Baby Stars: A Biographical Dictionary, 1922–1934. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc. p. 7. ISBN 0-7864-0756-5.
  6. Hollywood Walk of Fame. Retrieved January 19, 2017
  7. "Silent Film Star Bessie Love Dies in London at 87". Variety. Vol. 323 no. 1. Los Angeles. April 30, 1986. pp. 4, 36.
  8. "The 2nd Academy Awards | 1930". Oscars.org. Retrieved March 4, 2019.
  9. Kidd 1986, p. 69.
  10. Yergin, Daniel (December 11, 1969). "1915, a schoolgirl named Juanita Horton was about to meet D. W. Griffith in Babylon, Hollywood. He made her one of the great stars of the silent movies". Radio Times. Photographed by Tony Ray Jones. pp. 52–55.
  11. Perry, George (September 18, 1977). "Love's No Stranger". The Sunday Times Magazine. London.
  12. Temple, Georgia (January 17, 2007). "Midland's first star burned bright in Hollywood sky". Midland Reporter-Telegram.
  13. Surowiec, Catherine A. (February 1987). "Bessie Love". Film Dope. No. 36. pp. 33–36.
  14. Love, Bessie (July 10, 1962). "My First Film Job". The Christian Science Monitor. p. 8.
  15. Love 1977, p. 25.
  16. Dunham, Harold (February 1959). "Bessie Love: Her Career Began with Intolerance and Is by No Means Over". Films in Review. 10 (2): 86–99.
  17. "Little Whisperings from Everywhere in Playerdom". Motion Picture Magazine. Vol. 18 no. 8. September 1919. p. 104.
  18. "Bessie Love's Popularity Growing". The Moving Picture World. March 1, 1919. p. 1233.
  19. Side 1980, p. 84.
  20. Side 1980, pp. 12–13.
  21. "Vitagraph". Motion Picture News. November 30, 1918. p. 3146.
  22. Essex, Bert D. (April 1919). "The Silent Trend". Photo-Play Journal. p. 36.
  23. "Cinema Truth in Flashes". Photo-Play Journal. February 1919. p. 46.
  24. Love, Bessie (November 20, 1967). "Stagestruck? Who, Me?". The Christian Science Monitor. p. 8.
  25. "Hobnobbing with Bessie Love". Photo-Play Journal. February 1919. pp. 11, 56.
  26. "Ukuleles Are Popular Among Hollywood Stars: Alfred Santell, Irene Rich, and Bessie Love Among Exponents". The Sun. Baltimore, MD. November 2, 1930. p. MR3. Bessie Love and the uke have always been associated.
  27. In The King on Main Street:
    • "Crimson Playgoer: The Metropolitan Opens Its Doors to an Unlimited Public and a Very Fair Opening Attraction". The Harvard Crimson. October 21, 1925. Bessie Love too, who does a very jazzy version of the Charleston
    • "The King on Main Street". Theatre Magazine. January 1926. …it is memorable … for the fact that Bessie Love gives a perfect exhibition of the Charleston, proving that it can be danced with extreme grace and agility, and yet without a single hint of wriggling vulgarity. We hereby award Miss Love the palm as the greatest Charleston expert on the screen if not on the stage – which is by way of being a miracle, for ordinarily a film dance looks as silly as the capering of goats.
  28. "Everybody's Doing It Now; Bessie Love Shows You How". Photoplay. October 1925. pp. 32–3.
  29. Feeney, Mark (July 19, 2009). "Steichen: A man for all styles – Exhibits showcase breadth of his career". The Boston Globe.
  30. In The Song and Dance Man:
    • "Newspaper Opinions". The Film Daily. Vol. 35 no. 30. February 5, 1926. p. 8. The picture is well worth viewing, however, if for no other reason than to watch Bessie Love dance the Charleston.
    • "Stage and Screen". The Cornell Daily Sun. Vol. XLVI no. 134. March 25, 1926. p. 4. Bessie Love is well cast as the girl – she surely can do the Charleston.
    • "George M. Cohan's 'Song and Dance Man' Comes to State". Reading Times. Reading, Pennsylvania. March 22, 1926. p. 8. Bessie Love, the diminutive film favorite and the screen's foremost exponent of the 'Charleston,' is happily cast as the small time performer who eventually wins fame and fortune in the musical comedy field.
    • "Lincoln Way Theatre". The Gettysburg Times. Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. August 31, 1926. p. 6. See Bessie Love, the screen's Charleston champ, strut her stuff!
  31. Love, Bessie (1929). Military Mary. OCLC 37148006.
  32. Winchell, Walter (December 1929). "Snappy Comebacks". The New Movie Magazine. pp. 28, 124.
  33. Gebhart, Myrtle (October 1929). "Must a Star 'Go Hollywood'?". Picture Play. Vol. 31 no. 2. p. 116.
  34. "Judith Chalmers talks to American-born actress Bessie Love". Good Afternoon. London: Thames TV. October 17, 1977.
  35. Kingsley, Grace (April 7, 1929). "Parties Here and Parties There". Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, Calif. p. J5.
  36. Wilkinson, Leslie (March 1972). "What Are They Doing Now? Part 14: Leslie Wilkinson Meets Bessie Love". Photoplay Film Monthly.
  37. Kingsley, Grace (September 12, 1928). "Star Remains with Vitaphone". Los Angeles Times. p. A10.
  38. Walker, Alexander (1979). "'The English accent doesn't mean a thing out here'". The Shattered Silents: How the Talkies Came to Stay. London: William Morrow and Company, Inc. p. 139. ISBN 0-688-03544-2.
  39. Ramsey, Walter (March 1930). "Strange as It May Seem". Motion Picture. Vol. 39 no. 2. p. 92.
  40. Love 1977, p. 127.
  41. Love 1977, p. 131.
  42. "Bessie Love Back". Titusville Herald. 72 (90). Titusville, Pennsylvania. September 28, 1936. p. 1.
  43. Lejeune, C.A. (August 13, 1944). "Edward G. Rises to Defend Hollywood – Flying Bombs – Addenda". New York Times. p. X3.
  44. Gielgud, Val (1957). British Radio Drama, 1922–1956. London: George G. Harrap & Co. Ltd. p. 194.
  45. "In Short". Billboard. Vol. 58 no. 47. November 23, 1946. p. 36.
  46. Love 1977, p. 136.
  47. "London Garrick Theatre – Born Yesterday – Laurence Olivier". Archived from the original on February 18, 2014. Retrieved June 20, 2014.
  48. "'Born Yesterday' Hit in Glasgow Opening Before London Deb". Billboard. Vol. 58 no. 48. November 30, 1946. p. 4.
  49. "Silent Film Star a Playwright". Tri-City Herald. Pasco, Washington. April 21, 1958. p. 2.
  50. "Little Action in New Play". The Glasgow Herald. April 22, 1958. p. 3.
  51. Love 1977, p. 140.
  52. Connolly, Mike (October 30, 1963). "In Hollywood". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Pittsburgh. p. 6.
  53. "Bessie Love (1898–1986)". Big Red Book.
  54. Andrews, Eamonn (October 24, 1963). "Bessie Love". This Is Your Life. BBC – via Getty Images.
  55. Gareth Hughes (in Welsh). 2000. OCLC 1023435485.
  56. Hollander, Zander (August 28, 1972). "Bessie Love—74 Years Young and Still Acting". The Dispatch. 91 (99). Lexington, NC. p. 21.
  57. Heilpern, John (April 28, 2006). "A sense of failure". The Guardian.
  58. Bryden, Ronald (May 21, 1972). "Scarlett Sings, Atlanta Burns". The New York Times.
  59. Love 1977, p. 125.
  60. "Hawks, William B", United States Census, 1930; Assembly Dist 55, Los Angeles, California; roll 134, page 11A, line 6, enumeration district 19-64. Retrieved on December 29, 2019.
  61. "Hawks, Bessie L", United States Census, 1930; Assembly Dist 55, Los Angeles, California; roll 134, page 11A, line 7, enumeration district 19-64. Retrieved on December 29, 2019.
  62. Graham, Sheilah (September 6, 1951). "Hollywood". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. p. 18.
  63. "She's Working Her Way through College (1952)". BFI.
  64. "Stuff About Stars". Katy Keene. No. 6. June 1952. p. 21.
  65. "Patricia Hawks". Broadway World.
  66. Bilbow, Tony (June 29, 1968). "Bessie Love". Late Night Line-Up. BBC – via Getty Images.
  67. "Strangler Kills Former Actress". New York Times. July 10, 1947. p. 44.
  68. Davis, Charles E., Jr. (May 28, 1967). "Los Angeles High Will Mark 95th Birthday". Los Angeles Times. p. A5.
  69. Love, Bessie (July 24, 1967). "An Error Corrected". Los Angeles Times. p. A4. Would you be kind enough to print that I am not dead? I have many friends out home and they might be hurt to think I had not let them know.
  70. "Bessie Love, 87, an Actress from Silent-Film to TV Eras". The New York Times. April 28, 1986.
  71. "Career of U.S.-Born Actress Went from Silent Films to TV". The Globe and Mail. Toronto, Canada. April 29, 1986. p. D19.
  72. "Bessie Love". Find a Grave. Retrieved July 30, 2019.
  73. "Bessie Love". NNDB.
  74. "Inventory of Sardi's Caricatures". The New York Public Library.
  75. Sardi, Vincent, Sr.; Gehman, Richard (1953). "Caught Off Guard". Sardi's: The Story of a Famous Restaurant. New York: Henry Holt and Company. p. 172. LCCN 53-5500. OCLC 1036888925.
  76. "Marie Dressler and Bessie Love". National Portrait Gallery.
  77. "Bessie Love (née Horton)". National Portrait Gallery.
  78. "The Hollywood Greats (10 August 1978)". The Radio Times. No. 2856. BBC. August 3, 1978. p. 45 – via BBC Genome Project.
  79. Brownlow, Kevin; Gill, David (1980). "The Man with the Megaphone". Hollywood: A Celebration of the American Silent Film. Episode 10. Thames Video Production. Retrieved September 1, 2014.
  80. Robinson, David (2006). "Film Museums I Have Known and (Sometimes) Loved". Film History. 18 (3): 242. doi:10.2979/FIL.2006.18.3.237. ISSN 0892-2160.
  81. Twenty-one articles were published over eighteen years:
    • First article: Love, Bessie (May 9, 1962). "An Aryan in Sulphur Canyon". The Christian Science Monitor. p. 8.
    • Final article: Love, Bessie (October 20, 1980). "The second time around". The Christian Science Monitor. p. 21.
  82. Love 1977.
Works cited
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