Battle of Coyotepe Hill

The Battle of Coyotepe Hill was a significant engagement during the United States occupation of Nicaragua from August through November 1912 during the insurrection staged by Minister of War General Luis Mena against the government of President Adolfo Díaz.

Battle of Coyotepe Hill
Part of the Nicaraguan civil war (1912), Occupation of Nicaragua, Banana Wars

Two Marines with Coyotepe Hill in the background in October 1912.
Date3-4 October 1912
Location
near Masaya, Nicaragua
Result American victory
Belligerents
 United States Rebels
Commanders and leaders
Joseph H. Pendleton
Smedley Butler		 Benjamín Zeledón
Strength
850 marines
100 sailors
2 artillery pieces		 350 militia
4 artillery pieces
2 forts
Casualties and losses
4 killed
10 wounded		 32 killed

Coyotepe is an old fortress located on a 500-foot hill overlooking the strategic railroad line near Masaya roughly halfway between Managua and Granada, Nicaragua.

Battle

On the 2 to 4 October 1912, a Nicaraguan rebel force led by General Benjamín Zeledón occupying Coyotepe and another hill, Barranca fort, overlooking the strategic rail line, refused to surrender to government troops under President Adolfo Díaz.[1]:152 U.S. Marine Major Smedley Butler's marine battalion, that Zeledón's rebels had skirmished with on the 19 September returned from its capture of Granada, Nicaragua on the 3 October and shelled the rebel stronghold on Coyotepe.

During pre-dawn hours on the 4 October Butler's battalion, in concert with two marine battalions and one from the USS California led by marine Colonel Joseph H. Pendleton converged from different positions to storm the hill and capture it. Zeledón was killed during the battle, probably by his own men.[1]:153

Aftermath
Coyotepe Fortress entrance

With the capture of León, Nicaragua two days later by U.S. Marines and the recapture of Masaya by Nicaraguan government troops, the Nicaraguan revolution of 1912 was essentially over.[2]

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See also

References
  1. Musicant, I, The Banana Wars, 1990, New York: MacMillan Publishing Co., ISBN 0025882104
  2. American Naval History, An Illustrated Chronology of the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps, by Jack Sweetman, p. 114

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