Bardili (Turduli)

The Bardili were a small, pre-Roman people of the Iberian peninsula, and an off-shot of the widespread Turduli people, who lived in what is now southwestern Portugal in the 5th-1st centuries BC.

Main language areas in Iberia c. 300 BC

Location

Migrating in conjunction with the Celtici,[1][2][3] they settled the present Setúbal peninsula along the Tagus river mouth and the lower Sardum[4] (Sado; Kallipos in the Greek sources[5]) river valley around the 5th Century BC, where they founded several coastal towns. The exact location of the Bardili capital Bardo remains uncertain, though the towns of Equabona/Aquabona (Coina-a-Velha), Caetobriga/Cetobriga (Monte da Rotura, near Setúbal) and Salacia (Alcácer do Sal; Iberian-type mint: Ketuvion) have been identified.[6]

History

In the mid-3rd century BC the Bardili were forced to acknowledge the suzerainty of Carthage at the latter part of the century. However, their history after the Second Punic War is unclear; they seem to have played no role in the Lusitanian Wars and subsequent conflicts during the 2nd-1st Centuries BC. It is almost certain that the Bardili recovered their independence, which they enjoyed for nearly a century before being included into Hispania Ulterior province by the praetor Publius Licinius Crassus Dives in the wake of his campaign against the Lusitani and Celtici in 93 BC.

Romanization

Increasingly Romanized after the Ulterior Propraetor Julius Caesar campaigns against the Lusitani, Turduli Oppidani, and Turduli Veteres in 61-60 BC,[7] they were aggregated to the new Lusitania province by Emperor Augustus in 27-13 BC.

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See also

Notes
  1. Strabo, Geographikon, III, 3, 5.
  2. Pomponius Mela, De Chorographia, III, 8.
  3. Pliny the Elder, Natural History, IV, 112-113.
  4. Avienus, Ora Maritima, 150.
  5. Ptolemy, Geographika, II, 5.
  6. Pliny the Elder, Natural History, IV, 116-118.
  7. Cassius Dio, Romaïké istoría, 37, 52-55.

References
  • Ángel Montenegro et alii, Historia de España 2 - colonizaciones y formación de los pueblos prerromanos (1200-218 a.C), Editorial Gredos, Madrid (1989) ISBN 84-249-1386-8
  • Jorge de Alarcão, O Domínio Romano em Portugal, Publicações Europa-América, Lisboa (1988) ISBN 972-1-02627-1
  • Jorge de Alarcão et alii, De Ulisses a Viriato – O primeiro milénio a.C., Museu Nacional de Arqueologia, Instituto Português de Museus, Lisboa (1996) ISBN 972-8137-39-7
  • Luis Berrocal-Rangel, Los pueblos célticos del soroeste de la Península Ibérica, Editorial Complutense, Madrid (1992) ISBN 84-7491-447-7
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