Ballyconnell

Ballyconnell (Irish: Béal Átha Conaill, meaning "Entrance to the Ford of Conall") is a town in County Cavan, Ireland. It is situated on the N87 national secondary road at the junction of four townlands Annagh, Cullyleenan, Doon (Tomregan) and Derryginny in the parish of Tomregan, Barony of Tullyhaw. Ballyconnell won the Irish Tidy Towns Competition in 1971 and was also winner in 1975.[2]

Ballyconnell Béal Átha Conaill
Town
Ballyconnell Main Street.
Ballyconnell Location in Ireland
Coordinates: 54°07′00″N 7°35′00″W
Country	Republic of Ireland
Province	Ulster
County	County Cavan
Elevation	55 m (180 ft)
Population  (2016)[1]	1,105
Time zone	UTC+0 (WET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC-1 (IST (WEST))
Irish Grid Reference	H361168

Ballyconnell

The town lies astride the Shannon–Erne Waterway which was re-opened in 1993, formerly known as the Woodford Canal which was finally completed in 1860. Prior to being canalised it was known as the River Grainne. The population of Ballyconnell, according to the 2016 Census, was 1,105 persons, an increase of 4% on the previous 2011 census.[3]

Name

The earliest surviving mention of the name Ballyconnell is an entry in the Annals of the Four Masters for the year 1323 A.D., which states "Rory Mac Mahon, son of the Lord of Oriel, Melaghlin O'Seagannain, and Mac Muldoon, were slain by Cathal O'Rourke at Bel-atha-Chonaill". Before being named Ballyconnell it was named Maigen which means 'The Little Plain' with the local ford called Áth na Mianna which means 'Ford of the Miners'. It was also named Gwyllymsbrook between 1660 and 1702 by its then owner, Thomas Gwyllym.[4]

The name is an anglicisation of Bél Átha Conaill which means "The entrance to Conall's Ford". The ford was a shallow crossing over the River Grainne and was the ancient border crossing for travellers going between Ulster and Connacht. The ford was caused by silt and gravel washed down from the nearby Slieve Rushen mountain by the Tanyard Stream which flows into the Grainne about 20 yards upriver from Ballyconnell bridge on the western outskirts of the town.

Conall was the great Ulster Hero and Red Branch knight Conall Cernach, who was killed at Ballyconnell by the three Ruadhcoin sent by Queen Maeve of Connacht to avenge the slaying of her husband Ailill by Conall.[5]

History

Prehistoric

The area was settled at an early date, as evidenced by the double-court tomb in the town dating from c. 3,500 B.C. and a ring barrow in the same field (Sites number 31 & 107, Doon townland, Archaeological Inventory of County Cavan, Patrick O’Donovan, 1995, pp. 7 & 22).

The ford would have been a logical place to erect a settlement and it probably dates from the time of the court tomb. The earliest inhabitants were hunter-gatherers rather than farmers. They lived by fishing, hunting wild game and foraging for berries and nuts. This area would have been thickly wooded at the time, with no roadways. The easiest way to travel would have been by boat via the river and the numerous lakes and streams in the area. The only other known megalith in the parish is a wedge tomb dating from 2000 B.C. on the side of Slieve Rushen mountain in Aughrim townland (Site number 7, Aughrim townland, Archaeological Inventory of County Cavan, Patrick O’Donovan, 1995, p. 2). However, after remaining undisturbed for 4,000 years, it was recently dug up by the Quinn Group to enable them to mine sand deposits from the mountain. It was relocated to the grounds of the group's hotel, The Slieve Russell Hotel, to serve as a tourist attraction.

Medieval

In ancient times, Ballyconnell lay on the eastern part of Magh Slécht named Maigin ("the little plain"), so called because it was a narrow strip bounded on the north by Slieve Rushen mountain and on the south by the River Graine. Maigin was the birthplace of Saint Dallán Forgaill.

In medieval times the town belonged to the McGovern chiefs who had a fort there. Ballyconnell was situated in one of the ballybetoes of Tullyhaw named Calmhagh (Calva), which basically means almost the same as Maigin, the narrow plain. As it was on the border between Fermanagh and Breifne, Ballyconnell was a flash-point for the wars between the Maguires, O'Rourkes, O'Reillys, McGoverns, McKiernans and their allies. The Annals of Ireland record incidents at Ballyconnell in the following years- 1323 Rory MacMahon, Mel O'Seagannain & MacMuldoon were slain at Ballyconnell by Cathal O'Rourke.[6] 1457 Brian Maguire fought with Lochlann O'Rourke, the McGoverns & McKiernans at Ballyconnell.[7] 1470 O'Donnell & O'Rourke fought with O'Reilly, the English and the McKiernans at Ballyconnell.[7] 1475 Hugh Roe O'Donnell went to Ballyconnell to make peace with the O'Reilly.[7] 1595 O'Donnell camped at Ballyconnell after raiding the town of Cavan.[7]

Post-1600

In 1605 Captain Richard Tyrrell bought the Calva estate from Cormac Magauran.[8][9] He sold the estate to Walter Talbot, a recusant servitor whose parents were James Talbot and Margaret Brett of Agherskeethe (now Augherskea), County Meath, and a burgess of Cavan Corporation, before 1609 but the title was defective. However, in the launching of the Plantation of Ulster in 1609, Sir Arthur Chichester, the Lord Deputy of Ireland, allowed Talbot to keep his estate as he had begun bringing in settlers and building houses. It was regranted to Talbot as the Manor of Calva. The lands granted were the town of Ballyconnell and the surrounding townlands of Derrogeny, one poll; Killog, one poll; Gortulleran, one poll; Mucklagh, one poll; Skeagh, one poll; Gortewey, one poll; Rathkillin, one poll; Downe, one poll; Enagh, one poll; Townaciateragh, one poll; Cowlynan, one poll; Cloughan, one poll; Cavan, 2 polls; Mullaghduffe, 2 polls; Kilcloghan, 2 polls; Carraghmore, 4 polls; Nahownee, 2 polls; Ardagh, one poll; Rosbreassell, one poll; Crosse, 2 polls; Kildannagh, 2 polls; Kiltragh, one poll; Knocks, one poll; Killenawe, one poll; Dowerhannagh, one poll; Uzren, one poll; Nidd, one poll; Bartony, 2 polls; Dromyne, one poll; Cavanickehall, one poll and Barrin, 2 polls.[10]

When Talbot arrived the only notable buildings in Ballyconnell were the Catholic church at the top of Church Street (Site number 1815, Doon townland, Archaeological Inventory of County Cavan, Patrick O’Donovan, 1995, p. 230) and an old McGovern fort. The rest of the buildings were mud huts belonging to the Irish natives. In September 1611, a survey by Lord Carew (later created The 1st Earl of Totnes) found that Talbot had built a strong timber house and two other wattled houses (Site number 1798, Annagh townland, Archaeological Inventory of County Cavan, Patrick O’Donovan, 1995, p. 228). He had also felled 40 trees but did no other work.[11]

By 1613 Talbot had progressed with building work. Sir Josias Bodley reported on 6 February 1613-Porportion No. 29: 1,500 acres. On the proportion undertaken by Capt. Culme and Walter Talbot, there are 3 or 4 handsome Irish houses by them built, and some provision made towards the building of a castle in a most convenient place for occasions of service, being near a special ford or passage, by which in times past that county was much infested. The quarry of limestone and building stone is on the place, good store of lime already burnt, and of building stone digged, much timber and planks drawn thither already, and the rest provided in a wood not above a mile off, so that this next summer the whole work, I suppose both of castle and bawn will be perfected.[12] There was no bridge at Ballyconnell in 1613 but it appears on the 1656 Down Survey map so the first bridge must have been built between 1613 & 1656.[13] The present bridge was erected in the 1830s. In 1617 Connor and Terence O'Sheridan were granted a licence to make and sell spirituous liquors in Balliconnell and throughout Tullagha barony.[14]

By 1619 Pynnar's Survey of Land Holders found that Talbot had built a strong defensive wall called a bawn, which was a square measuring 100 feet (30 m) along each side and 12 ft high, with two flanking towers. Within the bawn was erected a strong castle of lime and stone three stories high which "stands in a very good and convenient place for the strength and service of the country".[15]

In August 1622 another survey found that- Walter Talbot has 1,500 acres called Ballyconnell, upon which there is builded a strong castle of stone and lyme, with two flanckers at each cross corner. This castle and ye flanckers are three stories and a half high and standeth in a very good place and convenient for the strength and defence of that parte of the country which is an obscure and bordering corner of the countie. Mr Walter Talbott, his wife and familie are now dwelling there. There are severall Palemen estates, some in fee farm, some for lives and some for yeares, upon part of the land. The rest are leased to natives of the country. The said Walter Talbott and all his tenants are recusants. Armes in the castle are 11 pikes, 3 callivers, 5 head peeces, 3 targetts and 1 halbert.[16] The castle was destroyed in a fire in 1688 and Ballyconnell House was erected on its site in Annagh townland.[17] However, some of the ruins are still visible and a section of the bawn wall was recently uncovered in an archaeological excavation.[18]

Walter Talbot died on 26 June 1625 at Ballyconnell and his son James Talbot succeeded to the Ballyconnell estate aged just 10 years. James Talbot married The Hon. Helen Calvert, the daughter of The 1st Baron Baltimore, in 1635 and had a son, Colonel George Talbot, who owned an estate in Cecil County, Maryland, which he named Ballyconnell in honour of his native town in County Cavan. George Talbot was appointed Surveyor-General of Maryland in 1683. In the aftermath of the Irish Rebellion of 1641, James Talbot's estate in Ballyconnell was confiscated because he was a Catholic and he was granted an estate in 1655 at Castleruby townland, Baslick parish, County Roscommon, instead. He died in 1687.

By 1652 the Irish rebels in the Ballyconnell area had been defeated and the area was put under the control of the Cromwellian captain Thomas Gwyllym. He was a native of Glenavy, County Antrim, where his father, The Rev. Meredith Gwyllym (wife Miss Peers), was vicar of the parishes of Glenavy, Camlin, Tullyrusk, Ballinderry & Magheragall in County Antrim and Baronstown & Kene in County Louth from 1622 until sometime after 1634.[19] Gwyllym's name first appears in the area as the owner of the Ballyconnell Estate in the 1652 Commonwealth Survey and as a Commissioner (Thomas Guilliams) for the 1654 Assessment of Tax.[20] He also appears as a Cavan Commissioner in the 1660 Hearth Money Ordinances. In the Hearth Money Rolls compiled on 29 September 1663[21] Thomas Gwyllym has five hearths in Bellaconell. The other Hearth Tax payers were John Squire, Henry Jordan and Denis Alarne, all of whom had one hearth. After the restoration of King Charles II to the throne in 1660, James Talbot tried to have the Ballyconnell Estate restored to him but a final grant was made to Thomas Gwyllym in August 1666[22] and the town was renamed Gwyllymsbrook in his honour. Thomas Gwyllym died in 1681 and his son, Colonel Meredith Gwyllym, inherited the Ballyconnell Estate. In 1683 he married Margery Sheridan, the sister of Sir Thomas Sheridan, Secretary of State for Ireland, and they had one child, Meredith Gwyllym, junior, who died unmarried in 1728. In 1687 they built an extension to Ballyconnell Castle at a cost of £500 but when King James II came to the throne of England on 6 February 1685, the Catholics began to take power and in 1688 they occupied Ballyconnell Castle and burned it to the ground, causing the Gwyllyms to go and live in Cloverhill (also known as Drumcassidy), County Cavan, until the war was over.

The Gwyllym estate was sold for £8,000 in 1724 to Colonel Alexander Montgomery (1686-1729) of Convoy House in Convoy, East Donegal, M.P. for Donegal Borough, 1725 to 1727, and for Donegal County, 1727 to 1729. He died in 1729 and left the Ballyconnell estate to his nephew George Leslie who then assumed the name George Leslie Montgomery. George Leslie Montgomery was M.P. for Strabane, County Tyrone, from 1765 to 1768 and for County Cavan from 1770 to 1787, when he died and left the Ballyconnell estate to his son George Montgomery (b. 1756), whose estate was administered by the Court of Chancery as he was a lunatic.[23][24] George Montgomery died in 1841 and his estate went to his Enery cousins of Bawnboy. In 1856 they sold the estate to take advantage of its increased value owing to the opening of the Woodford Canal through the town in the same year.[25] The estate was split up amongst different purchasers including George Roe (who bought Ballyconnell House, a few houses in the village and a few townlands including Annagh, Corranierna and part of Rakeelan) and The 4th Earl Annesley (who purchased the townlands of Carrowmore, Gortoorlan, Moher, Mullanacre and Snugborough). Another well-known family in the town were the Benisons of Mount Pleasant and Slieve Russell who owned a flax mill in Ballyconnell. Miss Josephine Benison, a daughter of James Benison, married (9 January 1890) Tom Arnold who was brother of the famous English poet Matthew Arnold; son of Dr. Thomas Arnold, the headmaster of Rugby Public School who appears as head master in the book Tom Brown's Schooldays and grandfather of Aldous Huxley.[26] An account of this and Josephine's photo (Page 118, probably the earliest known photo of a Ballyconnell resident) can be seen online.[26] Josephine's headstone in St.Brigid's R.C. graveyard in Ballyconnell reads- In loving memory of Josephine M. Arnold widow of Thomas Arnold M.A. F.R.I., died 16 January 1919, aged 87 years.[27] Correspondence from the Benisons to Lord Belmore about the weather and farming in Ballyconnell and Fermanagh around 1900 is viewable on the PRONI website.[28]

An 1835 statistical report on Ballyconnell and Tomregan by Lieutenant Greatorex on behalf of the Ordnance Survey is in the PRONI.[29]

Griffith's Valuation of 1857 lists about 90 landlords and tenants for Doon and Ballyconnell. Further information and a detailed map showing the location of each holding can be seen online.[30]

After the Partition of Ireland in 1920–22, Ballyconnell found itself cut off from its hinterland with County Fermanagh, which was now behind the new border with Northern Ireland. The town also during the Irish Civil War of 1922-23 when it was raided repeatedly by both sides. After an incident in which two civilians were shot dead in Ballyconnell by the anti-Treaty IRA in February 1923, a large Irish Free State column was sent to the area to suppress the republican guerrillas operating in the nearby Arigna Mountains, leading to further loss of life and disruption until the ceasefire of May 1923.[31]

Geography and climate

The town sits at the foot of Slieve Rushen mountain and is a mile from the border between County Fermanagh in Northern Ireland and County Cavan in the Republic of Ireland. The town has an altitude of 55 metres above sea level.

The mean daily January temperature is 4.5 degrees Celsius and the mean daily July temperature is 15 degrees Celsius. The average annual rainfall is 1,000 mm. The average annual hours of sunshine are 1,250.[32]

Transport

Rail transport

Ballyconnell railway station opened on 24 October 1887, but finally closed on 1 April 1959.[33] It was part of the narrow gauge Cavan and Leitrim Railway.

Bus transport

Leydons Coaches operate route 930 linking Ballyconnell to Belturbet, Cavan, Bawnboy and Swanlinbar. Enniskillen is also served on Saturdays.[34]

Bus Éireann local route 465 serves the town on Tuesdays only providing a link to Cavan, Arvagh, Ballinagh, Killeshandra and Carrigallen.[35]

Economy

Cement factory

The industry in the area is mainly agricultural, but it also has a large cement factory (owned by former billionaire businessman, Sean Quinn), a plastics factory and an animal feeds plant. Tourism is an important part of the town's economy with cabin cruisers using it as a stopping place when navigating the Shannon-Erne Waterway. The town has a proud record in the National Tidy Towns Competition, winning the overall award in 1971 & 1975, together with many County winner awards through the years. In the 18th century lead, silver, coal, limestone, granite, marble, gravel, sand and iron were all mined from Slieve Rushen mountain.

Sport

The first GAA club in Ulster was founded in Ballyconnell in 1885 and named 'Ballyconnell Joe Biggars' in honour of the then MP for West Cavan, Joseph Biggar, but later changed its name to "Ballyconnell First Ulsters". Their original strip consisted of horizontal stripes coloured black, red and yellow.[36]

Census

Year	Population	Males	Females	Total Houses	Uninhabited
1821	353	-	-	-	-
1831	453	222	231	79	7
1841	387	193	194	75	12
1851	503	252	251	85	6
1861	374	182	192	85	13
1871	429	197	232	84	4
1881	420	206	214	92	8
1891	291	142	149	76	9
1901	The 1901 census recorded 134 families in Ballyconnell[37]
1911	The 1911 census recorded 159 families in Ballyconnell[38]
1926	314	154	160	-	-
1936	276	126	150	-	-
1946	297	127	170	-	-
1951	282	138	144	-	-
1956	543	285	258	-	-
1961	542	290	252	-	-
1966	523	274	249	-	-
1971	421	207	214	-	-
1981	492	245	247	-	-
1986	466	229	237	-	-
1991	465	227	238	-	-
1996	433	218	215	-	-
2002	572	280	292	-	-
2006	747	389	358	-	-
2011	1,061	538	523	-	-
2016	1,105	542	563	-	-

See also

• Market Houses in Ireland
• Mary Freehill
• James Dillon (Bishop)
• Leona Maguire
• Lisa Maguire

References

1. "Sapmap Area - Settlements - Ballyconnell". Census 2016. CSO. April 2016. Retrieved 29 December 2019.
2. "The Tidy Towns of Ireland "Celebrating 50 years"" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 April 2016.
3. "E2016: Population and Actual and Percentage Change 2011 to 2016 by Alphabetical List of Towns, CensusYear and Statistic". statbank.cso.ie. Central Statistics Office. Retrieved 13 April 2020.
4. http://www.logainm.ie/Viewer.aspx?text=ballyconnell&streets=yes
5. Tom Smith (2012). "The Death of Conall Cernach at Ballyconnell, Co. Cavan". Breifne Journal.
6. "Annals of the Four Masters". Ucc.ie. Retrieved 29 December 2019.
7. "The Annals of Ulster". Ucc.ie. Retrieved 29 December 2019.
8. "Calendar of the state papers, relating to Ireland, of the reign of James I. 1603-1625. Preserved in Her Majesty's Public Record Office, and elsewhere". 21 July 2010. Retrieved 29 December 2019.
9. "Calendar of the state papers, relating to Ireland, of the reign of James I. 1603-1625. Preserved in Her Majesty's Public Record Office, and elsewhere". 21 July 2010. Retrieved 29 December 2019.
10. Hill, George (February 2004). Names in the Land Grants in Northern Ireland: From the Plantation of Ulster. ISBN 9780940134447.
11. Library, Lambeth Palace (1873). "Calendar of the Carew Manuscripts: Miscellaneous papers: The book of Howth ... - Lambeth Palace Library - Google Books". Retrieved 29 December 2019.
12. Survey of Undertakers in Co. of Cavan 6 Feb 1613- Tullaghagh Servitors, in Report of Manuscripts of Reginald Rawdon Hastings, Historical Manuscripts Commission, London 1947, vol. IV, p. 164
13. "Down Survey Maps | The Down Survey Project". downsurvey.tcd.ie.
14. Chancery, Ireland (1800). "Calendar of the Patent Rolls of the Chancery of Ireland. - (Dublin 1800 ... - Google Books". Retrieved 29 December 2019.
15. Hill, George (11 April 2003). A Special Census of Northern Ireland, Pynnars Survey of Land Holders: Including Names and Locations of Protestants and Catholics Affected. Irish Roots Cafe. ISBN 9780940134652 – via Google Books.
16. '1622 Survey of Cavan' in Breifne Journal 1958, p.60 P.O'Gallachair
17. "Henry's Upper Lough Erne in 1739" (PDF).
18. "Excavations.ie".
19. "Glenavy History". Archived from the original on 16 October 2009.
20. "An Assesment for Ireland for three months; at Ten thousand Pounds by the ... - Google Books". 1654. Retrieved 29 December 2019.
21. The Hearth Money Rolls for the Baronies of Tullyhunco and Tullyhaw, County Cavan, edited by Rev. Francis J. McKiernan, in Breifne Journal. Vol. I, No. 3 (1960), pp. 247-263
22. Library Digitisation Unit, University of Southampton. "Commissioners of Public Records in Ireland : fourteenth and fifteenth reports with appendix, 1824-25 : Commissioners of Public Records in Ireland : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive". Retrieved 29 December 2019.
23. "Irish Equity Reports Argued and Determined in the High Court of Chancery: The Rolls Court, and the Equity Exchequer". Hodges and Smith. 11 April 1844 – via Google Books.
24. Malcomson, A. P. W. (2006). The Pursuit of the Heiress: Aristocratic Marriage in Ireland 1740-1840 By A. P. W. Malcomson. ISBN 9781903688656.
25. "Records from Enery Estate (PDF)" (PDF). cavanlibrary.ie. Cavan Library. Retrieved 24 May 2020.
26. Bergonzi, Bernard (2003). A Victorian Wanderer: The Life of Thomas Arnold the Younger - Bernard Bergonzi - Google Books. ISBN 9780199257416. Retrieved 29 December 2019.
27. "3_arnold_josephine_thomas.jpg". Igp-web.com. Retrieved 24 May 2020.
28. "Session Timeout". apps.proni.gov.uk. Public Record Office of Northern Ireland (PRONI). Retrieved 24 May 2020.
29. "Session Timeout". apps.proni.gov.uk. Public Record Office of Northern Ireland (PRONI). Retrieved 24 May 2020.
30. "Griffith's Valuation". www.askaboutireland.ie.
31. "The Tragedies of Ballyconnell – The Irish Story".
32. Weather & Climate. "Climate and average monthly weather in Ballyconnell (Cavan County), Ireland". Weather-and-climate.com. Retrieved 24 May 2020.
33. "Ballyconnell station" (PDF). Railscot - Irish Railways. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 September 2007. Retrieved 10 September 2007.
34. "Martin Leydon Timetable A3 2019" (PDF).
35. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 March 2015. Retrieved 27 February 2012.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
36. Cavan's Football Story, by Fr. Dan Gallogly, (Cavan, 1979)
37. "National Archives: Census of Ireland 1901". www.census.nationalarchives.ie.
38. "National Archives: Census of Ireland 1911". www.census.nationalarchives.ie.

External links

• Old Ballyconnell maps & Photos
• Cavan Tourism from cavantourism.com