Bach family

The Bach family was of importance in the history of music for nearly two hundred years, with over 50 known musicians and several notable composers, the best-known of whom was Johann Sebastian Bach (1685–1750).[1] A family genealogy was drawn up by Johann Sebastian Bach himself in 1735, his 50th year, and completed by his son Carl Philipp Emanuel.

For people named Bach, see Bach (surname).

Johann Sebastian Bach and his sons Carl Philipp Emanuel, Johann Christian, Wilhelm Friedemann, and Johann Christoph Friedrich

The Bach family never left Thuringia until the sons of J.S. Bach went into a more modern world. Through all the misery of the peasantry at the period of the Thirty Years' War this clan maintained its position and produced musicians who, however local their fame, were among the greatest in Europe. So numerous and so eminent were they that in Erfurt musicians were known as "Bachs", even when there were no longer any members of the family in the town. Sebastian Bach thus inherited the artistic tradition of a united family whose circumstances had deprived them of the distractions of the century of musical fermentation which in the rest of Europe had destroyed polyphonic music.[1]

Ancestors of Johann Sebastian Bach

Family house, Wechmar

See also: Bach's Nekrolog § Ancestors and musicians in the Bach family, and Altbachisches Archiv

Four branches of the Bach family were known at the beginning of the 16th century, and a Hans Bach of Wechmar is documented to have been alive in 1561, a village between Gotha and Arnstadt in Thuringia, who is believed to be the father of Veit Bach.[1]

• Veit (Vitus) Bach (c. 1550 – 1619, Wechmar) was, according to Johann Sebastian's genealogy, "a white-bread baker in Hungary" who had to flee Hungary because he was a Lutheran, settling in Wechmar. He "found the greatest pleasure in a little cittern which he took with him even into the mill".
• His son Johannes Bach I (c. 1580 – 1626) "der Spielmann" (lit. "the player"), was the first professional musician of the family. "At first took up the trade of baker, but having a particular bent for music" he became a piper.
• His second grandson Christoph (1613–1661) was an instrumentalist.
• His first great-grandson Johann Ambrosius was a violinist, and the father of Johann Sebastian Bach.

Others born before 1685

Johann Ambrosius' uncle, Heinrich of Arnstadt, had two sons: Johann Michael and Johann Christoph, who are among the greatest of J. S. Bach's forerunners, Johann Christoph being once supposed to be the author of the motet, Ich lasse dich nicht (I will not leave you), formerly ascribed to Sebastian Bach and now confirmed to be his (BWV 159a). Another descendant of Veit Bach, Johann Ludwig, was admired more than any other ancestor by Sebastian, who copied twelve of his church cantatas and sometimes added work of his own to them.[1]

Descendants of Johann Sebastian Bach

• Of the seven children that Johann Sebastian Bach had with his first wife Maria Barbara Bach, his second cousin, only three survived him. Two of these had musical careers of their own: Wilhelm Friedemann and Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach.
• After his first wife died, Johann Sebastian Bach then married Anna Magdalena Wilcken, herself a gifted soprano and daughter of the court trumpeter of Prince Saxe-Weissenfels. They had 13 children, of whom Johann Christoph Friedrich and Johann Christian became significant musicians. A further four survived into adulthood: Gottfried Heinrich, Elisabeth Juliane Friederica (1726–1781) who married Bach's pupil Johann Christoph Altnickol, Johanna Carolina (1737–1781) and Regina Susanna (1742–1809).[2]

Partial family tree

Veit Bach (d. 1619)

Johannes Bach I (1580–1626)

Philippus Bach (1590–1620)

Heinrich Bach (1615–1692)

Christoph Bach (1613–1661)

Wendel Bach (1619–1682)

Johann Christoph Bach (1642–1703)

Johann Michael Bach (1648–1694)

Johann Ambrosius Bach (1645–1695)

Maria Elisabeth Lämmerhirt (1644–1694)

Johann Christoph Bach (1645–1693)

Jacob Bach (1655–1718)

Anna Martha Schneider

Johann Nicolaus Bach (1669–1753)

Maria Barbara Bach (1684–1720)

Johann Sebastian Bach (1685–1750)

Anna Magdalena Wilcke (1701–1760)

Johann Ludwig Bach (1677–1731)

Wilhelm Friedemann Bach (1710–1784)

Johanna Maria Dannemann

Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach (1714–1788)

Gottfried Heinrich Bach (1724–1763)

Johann Christoph Friedrich Bach (1732–1795)

Lucia Elisabeth Münchhausen (1728–1803)

Johann Christian Bach (1735–1782)

Elisabeth Juliane Friederica (1726–1781)

Johann Christoph Altnickol (1720–1759)

Johanna Carolina (1737–1781)

Regina Susanna (1742–1809)

Johann Sebastian Bach (painter) (1748–1778)

Wilhelm Ernst Colson

Anna Philippiana Friederica Bach (1755–1804)

Wilhelm Friedrich Ernst Bach (1759–1845)

Charlotte Philippina Elerdt (1780–1801)

Christina Luise Bach (d. 1852)

Johann Sebastian Altnickol (1749–1749)

Ludwig Albrecht Hermann Ritter

Carolina Augusta Wilhelmine Bach (1800–1871)

Juliane Friederica (b. 1800)

Expanded genealogy

• Veit Bach (about 1550–1619)
  • Johannes Bach I (d. 1626) (son of Veit Bach)
    • Johann(es) Bach III (1604–1673) – the so-called Erfurt Line
      • Johann Christian Bach I (1640–1682)
        • Johann Jacob Bach II (1668–1692)
        • Johann Christoph Bach IV (1673–1727)
          • Johann Samuel Bach (1694–1720)
          • Johann Christian Bach II (1696–)
          • Johann Günther Bach II (1703–1756)
      • Johann Aegidius Bach I (1645–1716)
        • Johann Balthasar Bach (1673–1691)
        • Johann Bernhard Bach I (1676–1749)
          • Johann Ernst Bach II (1722–1777)
            • Johann Georg Bach I (1751–1797)
        • Johann Christoph Bach VI (1685–1740)
          • Johann Friedrich Bach II (1706–1743)
          • Johann Aegidius Bach II (1709–1746)
      • Johann Nicolaus Bach I (1653–1682)
    • Christoph Bach (1613–1661)
      • Georg Christoph Bach (1642–1697)
        • Johann Valentin Bach (1669–1720)
          • Johann Lorenz Bach (1695–1773)
          • Johann Elias Bach (1705–1755)
            • Johann Michael Bach III (1745–1820) – the music theorist
              • Johann Georg Bach II (1786–1874)
              • Georg Friedrich Bach (1792–1860)
      • Johann Christoph Bach II (1645–1693)
        • Johann Ernst Bach I (1683–1739)
        • Johann Christoph Bach VII (1689–1740)
      • Johann Ambrosius Bach (1645–1695)
        • Johann Christoph Bach III (1671–1721)
          • Johann Andreas Bach (1713–1779)
            • Johann Christoph Georg Bach (1747–1814)
          • Johann Bernhard Bach II (1700–1743)
          • Johann Christoph Bach VIII (1702–1756)
            • Ernst Carl Gottfried Bach (1738–1801)
            • Ernst Christian Bach (1747–1822)
            • Philipp Christian Georg Bach (1734–1809)
        • Johann Jacob Bach III (1682–1722)
        • Johann Sebastian Bach (1685–1750) – wed in his first marriage to second cousin Maria Barbara Bach (1684–1720); in second marriage 1721 to Anna Magdalena Wilcke (1701–1760)
          • Catharina Dorothea Bach (1708–1774)
          • Wilhelm Friedemann Bach (1710–1784) – the so-called "Dresden Bach" or "Halle Bach"
          • Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach (1714–1788) – the so-called "Hamburg Bach" or "Berlin Bach"
            • Johann Sebastian Bach (1748–1778) – painter
          • Johann Gottfried Bernhard Bach (1715–1739)
          • Gottfried Heinrich Bach (1724–1763)
          • Johann Christoph Friedrich Bach (1732–1795) – the so-called "Bückeburg Bach"
            • Wilhelm Friedrich Ernst Bach (1759–1845) – the so-called "Minden Bach"
          • Johann Christian Bach III (1735–1782) – the so-called "Milan Bach" or "London Bach"
    • Heinrich Bach I (1615–1692) – the so-called Arnstadt Line
      • Johann Christoph Bach I (1642–1703)
        • Johann Nikolaus Bach II (1669–1753)
        • Johann Christoph Bach V (1676–)
          • Johann Heinrich Bach II (1709–)
        • Johann Friedrich Bach I (1682–1730)
        • Johann Michael Bach II (1685–)
      • Johann Michael Bach I (1648–1694)
        • Maria Barbara Bach (1684–1720) – married Johann Sebastian Bach (1685–1750)
      • Johann Günther Bach I (1653–1683)
  • Philippus "Lips" Bach (1590–1620) – son of Veit Bach
    • Wendel Bach (1619–1682)
      • Jacob Bach (1655–1718)
        • Nicolaus Ephraim Bach (1690–1760)
        • Georg Michael Bach (1703–1771)
          • Johann Christian Bach IV (1743–1814)
        • Johann Ludwig Bach (1677–1731) – the so-called "Meininger Bach", composer
          • Gottlieb Friedrich Bach (1714–1785) – court organist, court painter Meinigen
            • Johann Philipp Bach (1752–1846) – musician, painter
          • Samuel Anton Bach (1713–1781)
    • Johann Bach IV (1621–1686) – nephew of Lips Bach
      • Johann Stephan Bach (1665–1717)
• Caspar Bach I (1570–1640) (brother of Veit Bach?)
  • Caspar Bach II (1600–)
  • Heinrich "Blinder Jonas" Bach (−1635)
  • Johann(es) Bach II (1612–1632)
  • Melchior Bach (1603–1634)
  • Nicolaus Bach (1619–1637)

See also

• P. D. Q. Bach

References

1. Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Bach, Johann Sebastian" . Encyclopædia Britannica. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 124–130.
2. The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, "Bach Family", pp. 98, 111

External links

• Media related to Bach family at Wikimedia Commons

• Bach family tree
• Bach family, bach-cantatas.com
• "Has Bach Surviving Descendants?" by C. Sanford Terry, in The Musical Times, vol. 71, no. 1048, 1 June 1930, pp. 511–513, JSTOR 917359