Böhlen

Böhlen (German pronunciation: [ˈbøːlən]) is a town in the Free State of Saxony, Germany, south of Leipzig. Its main features are a small airport and a power-plant. It is located in the newly built Neuseenland, the lakes created in the former open-pit mining areas.

For Böhlen in Thuringia, see Böhlen, Thuringia.
Böhlen
Coat of arms
Location of Böhlen within Leipzig district
Böhlen
Böhlen
Coordinates: 51°12′9″N 12°23′9″E
CountryGermany
StateSaxony
DistrictLeipzig
Subdivisions2
Government
 • MayorDietmar Berndt
Area
 • Total24.55 km2 (9.48 sq mi)
Elevation
126 m (413 ft)
Population
 (2018-12-31)[1]
 • Total6,687
 • Density270/km2 (710/sq mi)
Time zoneCET/CEST (UTC+1/+2)
Postal codes
04564
Dialling codes034206, 034299 (Großdeuben)
Vehicle registrationL, BNA, GHA, GRM, MTL, WUR
Websitewww.stadt-boehlen.de

History

The first documented mention of Böhlen dates to 1353,[2] although the area has been settled since the 7th century. The name of the town is derived from the Slavic word bely (white, bright, shiny).[3] The manor is first mentioned in 1548. The manor house, locally referred to as the castle, was built in the 16th century. First documentation regarding the old village church dates from 1540, although the building contains Romanesque parts.[4] A plague epidemy during the Thirty Years' War was reportedly only survived by two families.[5]

The character of the place was rural for a long time. In 1842 a station on the Leipzig–Hof railway was opened in Böhlen. A schoolhouse with five classrooms was built in 1879. Böhlen was part of Amt Pegau until 1856, then of Gerichtsamt (judicial district) Zwenkau until 1875 and from then on of Amtshauptmannschaft (district) Leipzig.[2]

Only from the 1920s on the village developed into an industrial location, mainly due to the lignite found in the area. In 1924 one of the largest lignite mines in the world of its time was opened west of Böhlen. It was equipped with a conveyor bridge of 200 m length and 50 m height.

Towards the end of World War II a subcamp of Buchenwald concentration camp was established, where 800 prisoners worked as forced labor in a Braunkohle-Benzin AG ("Brabag") plant. Due to the strategically important industry, Böhlen suffered heavy aerial attacks in 1944/1945.

The principal industries were transferred into Soviet administration after World War II, and were returned to the GDR in 1952. In the same year, the Kulturhaus (arts and leisure center) was opened. By administratively merging the power station, the coal processing plants, and the motor fuel works, the publicly owned Kombinat "Otto Grotewohl" was formed. On 7 October 1964 Böhlen was awarded town status.

The neighbouring village of Zeschwitz was incorporated administratively into Böhlen in 1942, but mined over from 1943. Likewise, Stöhna (partially mined over since 1955) was incorporated in 1960, Trachenau (mostly mined over 1962–1965) in 1964, and Großdeuben in 1997.[2]

The chemical works were acquired by Dow Olefinverbund in 1995.

Today Böhlen, as well as its neighboring city Zwenkau, are heavily profiting from the new formed Neuseenland, where old open-cast mines are being converted into huge lakes.[6]

gollark: Anyway, #1 is quite mysterious. It's evidently written by someone who knows python somewhat, but is deliberately using it apioformically.
gollark: On that note, submission #n is mine, where 0 ≤ n ≤ 20 and n∈ℤ.
gollark: ALL ARE TO BE GUESSED NONE ARE SAFE.
gollark: You did? MUAHAHAHAHA.
gollark: Honestly, the negative point for wrong guesses rule sort of ruins the strategy of actually guessing ever?

References
  1. "Bevölkerung des Freistaates Sachsen jeweils am Monatsende ausgewählter Berichtsmonate nach Gemeinden" (PDF). Statistisches Landesamt des Freistaates Sachsen (in German). July 2019.
  2. Böhlen in the Digital Historic Index of Places in Saxony (Digitales Historisches Ortsverzeichnis von Sachsen)
  3. Ernst Eichler, Hans Walther (2007). Sachsen. Alle Städtenamen und deren Geschichte. Leipzig: Faber und Faber. p. 47.
  4. Cornelius Gurlitt: Böhlen. In: Beschreibende Darstellung der älteren Bau- und Kunstdenkmäler des Königreichs Sachsen, 16. Volume: Amtshauptmannschaft Leipzig (Leipzig Land). C. C. Meinhold, Dresden, 1894, p. 4.
  5. F. Heise (1860). "Böhlen". In G. A. Poenicke (ed.). Leipziger Kreis. Album der Rittergüter in Sachsen. Leipzig. p. 236.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.