Atlantic Biogeographic Region

The Atlantic Biogeographic Region is the biogeographic region of Europe bordering the Atlantic Ocean and North Sea.

Atlantic Biogeographic Region
Coast of Belle Ile, Bretagne, France
Biogeographic regions of Europe, as defined by the European Environment Agency
Atlantic
Ecology
RealmPalearctic
Geography
Oceans or seasAtlantic Ocean, North Sea
RiversGironde, Loire, Rhine, Thames, Seine, Scheldt

Extent

The Atlantic Region borders on the North Sea and North-east Atlantic Ocean. It includes all of the United Kingdom, Ireland and the Netherlands, parts of Germany, Denmark, Belgium and France, and the northern shores of Spain and Portugal. The land is generally low elevation and flat, and never more than 300 kilometres (190 mi) from the sea, with winds generally blowing from the west. As a result, it has an oceanic climate with mild winters and cool summers. There is moderate rainfall year round.[1]

Environment

The long, indented coastline includes many habitats. Some areas have cliffs and rocky headlands with narrow tidal inlets, while others have sheltered bays with inter-tidal mudflats and sandy beaches. The land was ice-covered until 10,000 years ago, and species diversity is still lower than other European biogeographic regions, but wildlife is abundant, including large flocks of migratory birds and many marine organisms fed by nutrients carried by the Gulf Stream from the Caribbean. The land has been drastically modified by humans with forests cleared to make way for farming and large urbanized areas. Pollution is a problem on both land and sea, and over-fishing is also a threat.[2]

Notes
    1. Atlantic Biogeographical Region EC.
    2. Sundseth 2009, p. 3.

    Sources
    • Atlantic Biogeographical Region, European Commission, retrieved 2019-08-29
    • Sundseth, Kerstin (2009), Natura 2000 in the Atlantic Region (PDF), European CommissionEnvironment Directorate General, doi:10.2779/82343, ISBN 978-92-79-11728-2, retrieved 2019-08-29
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