Athrun, Libya

Athrun (also spelled Lathrun, or Latrun) is a small town in northern Libya about 40 kilometres (25 miles) east of Cyrene. Its name comes from Greek "Ἐρυθρόν" (Erythron), neuter of "ἐρυθρός" (erythros) "red",[1] due to the color of the local soil. Athrun was established during the rule of the Byzantine Empire in this area.[2]

Athrun

الأثرون

Lathrun
Town
Byzantine Church in Athrun
Nickname(s): 
Erythron
Athrun
Location in Libya
Coordinates: 32°52′N 22°16′E
Country Libya
RegionCyrenaica
DistrictDerna
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)

It hosts recently excavated Byzantine churches adorned with white-blue marble from Proconnesus.[3]

Location

Atharoun or Latrun is a small Libyan town located at 32°52′N 22°16′ about 9 km east of Ras al-Hilal and about 50 km east of al-Baidah in al-Jabal al-Akhdar in northeastern Libya and near Darna. Erythron is close to the sea, about 20 kilometers east of Apollonia.

Name

Its name dates back to the Greeks' Erythron, for "red", the color of the region's soil.[4] The Arabic name for the site is الأثرون, (Al-Athrūn)

History

It is uncertain when the city was founded, but there are no clear finds from pre-Roman times. There are also no pre-Roman records of the place. However, it has some of the remains of the Greek period, including a group of tombs carved in rock dating back to the 5th century BC.

The site is mentioned in various ancient authors including Claudius Ptolemy[5] and can be identified with today's El Atrun.

During the Roman Empire and into late Antiquity the town was known as Erythron.

Especially in Byzantine times, the city flourished, and it was at this time only that it could be described as a city. Several bishops are known and two richly equipped churches can be excavated.

The two churches were built during the reign of Emperor Justinian I (527–565). These are called the Western and Eastern Churches. The remains of the two churches were discovered in 1960 by the American scholar "Waltroding" to be included in the Libyan Antiquities list in 1964 by the Libyan Antiquities Authority.[6]

The Eastern Church is located on the Mediterranean coast, where there are parts of marble columns decorated with Christian religious signs, the remains of the marble floor and the remains of mosaics that surrounded it, while the Western Church left only ruins of the original plan[7]

Cyrenaica was conquered by Muslim Arabs during the second caliph, Omer Bin Khattab, in 643/44,[8] After the breakdown of the Ummayad caliphate it was essentially annexed to Egypt, although still under the same name, first under the Fatimid caliphs and later under the Ayyubid and Mamluk sultanates. Ultimately, it was annexed by the Turkish Ottoman Empire in 1517 when it was part of the Tripolitania Vilayet.

gollark: The simplest self-consistent result of any form of time travel existing is that you just never use it ever.
gollark: Would it be convention to say "exactly one of the cats is sleeping" if you meant the English thing, then?
gollark: Quotes are `>`.
gollark: Huh. There are probably a lot of weird physical-world quirks like that then.
gollark: Grocery store automation might actually be a really hard case, since - as well as packages being non-rigid and in weird shapes/sizes - current grocery store designs involve customers physically interacting with products and moving them around and such.

References
  1. ἐρυθρός, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus Digital Library
  2. article on Athrun
  3. Walter Widrig: Two churches at Latrun in Cyrenaica; London, British School at Rome, 1978.
  4. ἐρυθρός, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus Digital Library
  5. Claudius Ptolemy Geographika 4, 4, 3.
  6. Walter Widrig: Two churches at Latrun in Cyrenaica; London, British School at Rome, 1978.
  7. http://www.oealibya.com/inc/print.php?id=24976%5B%5D
  8. ["Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2010-12-16. Retrieved 2011-02-24.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) Early Medieval and Byzantine Civilization: Constantine to Crusades (Tulane.edu,2011).


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