Arosa

Arosa is a town and a municipality in the Plessur Region in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland. It is both a summer and a winter tourist resort.

This article is about the Swiss tourist resort. For other uses, see Arosa (disambiguation).
Arosa
Arosa in June 2009
Coat of arms
Location of Arosa
Arosa
Arosa
Coordinates: 46°47′N 9°41′E
CountrySwitzerland
CantonGraubünden
DistrictPlessur
Government
 • ExecutiveGemeindevorstand
with 5 members
 • MayorGemeindepräsident
Lorenzo Schmid CVP/PDC
(as of 2017)
 • ParliamentGemeindeparlament
with 14 members
Area
 • Total42.53 km2 (16.42 sq mi)
Elevation
(Bahnhof Arosa)
1,775 m (5,823 ft)
Highest elevation2,980 m (9,780 ft)
Lowest elevation
(Plessur (river) near Calfreisen)
710 m (2,330 ft)
Population
 (2018-12-31)[2]
 • Total3,132
 • Density74/km2 (190/sq mi)
Demonym(s)German: Aroser(in)
Postal code
7050 Arosa, 7027 Calfreisen, 7027 Castiel, 7027 Lüen, 7028 Pagig, 7028 St. Peter, 7029 Peist, 7056 Molinis, 7057 Langwies, 7058 Litzirüti
SFOS number3921
LocalitiesInnerarosa, Maran, Prätschli, Tschuggen
Surrounded byAlvaneu, Davos, Langwies, Lantsch/Lenz, Molinis, Peist, Schmitten, Tschiertschen, Vaz/Obervaz, Wiesen
Twin townsFukumitsu (Japan)
Websitewww.gemeindearosa.ch
SFSO statistics

On 1 January 2013, the former municipalities of Calfreisen, Castiel, Langwies, Lüen, Molinis, Peist and St. Peter-Pagig merged into the municipality of Arosa.[3]

At the end of 2013 the Arosa ski resort was linked with Lenzerheide by cable-car, creating the new ski resort of Arosa Lenzerheide. Since then transport passes work in both resorts.

The official language of Arosa is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect.

The resort is known throughout Switzerland for its famous ice hockey team, the EHC Arosa which used to be one of the most successful teams in the country.

History

Arosa is first mentioned about 1330 as Araus. In 1383 it was mentioned as Orossen and in 1428 it was first mentioned as Arosa.[4]

The first known settlements are from the 13th century. After 1300 Arosa German-speaking Walser settlers came from Davos and replaced the original Romansh-speaking inhabitants. During the following centuries, the village had a subsistence alpine pasture economy. Until 1851 it was politically a part of the Davos municipality. Arosa was established as a health resort by a German doctor in 1883, and the first sanatorium was opened in 1888. From 1900 on it gradually developed as a winter resort. In 1938 the first ski lifts were built, and in 1956 the Weisshorn cable car was opened and further rope and chair lifts followed.

Aroser Weisshorn
Aerial view from 1900 m by Walter Mittelholzer (1927)

In 1851 Arosa separated from the municipality of Davos.[5]

Skiing in Switzerland received a big boost from Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, author of the Sherlock Holmes series. Conan Doyle, an avid sportsman, was wintering in Davos. For entertainment, he ordered some skiing "boards" from Norway and hiked up the mountain with two local guides. They then skied down into Arosa, ending their journey with a luncheon at a local inn, the Seehof, the first hotel in Arosa. Conan Doyle wrote of his pioneering Davos/Arosa ski adventure in a British magazine, The Strand, in 1894, and the story attracted British skiers to Switzerland.

Erwin Schrödinger was vacationing in Arosa at Christmas 1925 when he made his breakthrough discovery of wave mechanics.

In 1933, Thomas Mann stayed in Arosa during the first week of his Swiss exile.

The 1939 film Over the Moon (shot 1937-9) has brief Technicolor exterior shots of the train station and ski resort areas.

On 20 February 1940, Germany's Hassall met with British J. Lonsdale Bryant in Arosa, to make a plan to overthrow the ruling German Nazi Adolf Hitler.[6]

Geography
Obersee

The municipality of Arosa has an area of 42.6 km2 (16.4 sq mi). Of this, 42% is used for agriculture, and 15.2% is forested. 3.1% is settled (buildings and roads) and the remainder (39.7%) includes the rivers, glaciers and mountains which attract tourists which constitute the primary industry.[7]

Before 2017, the municipality was in the Schanfigg sub-district of the Plessur district, after that date it was part of the Plessur Region. Located on the south-east slope of the Weisshorn chain, the town of Arosa is at the top of the Schanfigg valley at the foot of the Aroser Weisshorn (2,653 m (8,704 ft)). Adjoining are the areas of Innerarosa, Dorf-Obersee, Untersee and Maran-Prätschli at an elevation of 1,690 and 1,950 meters (5,540 and 6,400 ft).

The two lakes in the centre of Arosa are the Obersee (upper lake) and Untersee. The town's railway station is at the end of a branch line from Chur.

Tourism
A RhB train travelling through Arosa

Arosa has a well-known and safe skiing area and boasts over 60 kilometers (37 mi) of slopes.

The main industry is tourism: there are 4287 guest beds. Arosa has an unemployment rate of 1.32%. As of 2005, there were only 4 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 2 businesses involved in this sector. 308 people are employed in the secondary sector and there are 30 businesses in this sector. 1,202 people are employed in the tertiary sector, with 185 businesses in this sector.[7]

Demographics
The railway station and cable car, by the Obersee

Arosa has a year-round population (as of December 2018) of 3,131.[8] As of 2008, 22.0% of the population was made up of foreign nationals.[9] Over the last 10 years the population has decreased by 9.8%, but fluctuates seasonally from about 4600 in January to about 2500 in May. Most of the population (as of 2000) speak German (79.8%), with Portuguese being second most common language (7.3%) and Italian third (4.1%).[7]

As of 2000, there were 51.1% males and 48.9% females.[10] The age distribution, as of 2000, in Arosa is: 7.0% between 0 and 9 years old; 3.2% are 10 to 14; 4.5% are 15 to 19. 26.2% are between 20 and 29 years old. 18.0% are 30 to 39, 14.5% are 40 to 49, 11.6% are 50 to 59. 7.0% are between 60 and 69 years old, 4.9% are 70 to 79, 2.3% are 80 to 89, and 0.6% are 90 to 99.[9]

In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SVP which received 45% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the FDP (24.7%), the SP (17%) and the CVP (12%).[7]

In Arosa about 70.3% of the population between age 25-64 have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule).[7]

From the 2000 census, 1,140 or 41.1% are Roman Catholic, while 1,150 or 41.5% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. 109 individuals (or about 3.9% of the population) belong to the Orthodox Church, and 17 individuals (about 0.6% of the population) who belong to another Christian church. The remainder belong to other religions or did not specify a religion.[9]

The historical population is given in the following table:[4]

year population
1550–1750 c. 125
1850 52
1900 1,071
1930 3,466
1941 1,980
2000 2,771

Heritage sites of national significance
Langwieser Viaduct near Langwies

The archeological site of Carschlingg near Castiel, a prehistoric, late-Roman and Early Middle Ages settlement, and the Langwieser Viaduct for the Rhätische Bahn are listed as Swiss heritage site of national significance. The hamlets of Medergen, Sapün and Strassberg are all part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites.[11]

Weather
Horse racing on the frozen Obersee in winter

Arosa experiences a subarctic climate (Koppen: Dfc) similar to that of Valdez, Alaska, with short, cool summers, and long cold, but not severely cold winters. Precipitation is abundant year round, and so is snowfall, with annual totals averaging 285 inches (723 cm).[12]

Between 1961 and 1990 Arosa had an average of 147 days of rain per year and on average received 1,335 mm (52.6 in) of precipitation. The wettest month was August, with an average of 159 mm (6.3 in) of precipitation and an average of 14.5 days with rain. The month with the most days of precipitation was June, with 15.6, but with only 147 mm (5.8 in) of precipitation. The driest month of the year was February with 75 mm (3.0 in) of precipitation over 14.5 days.[13]

Climate data for Arosa (1981-2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) −0.3
(31.5)		 0.1
(32.2)		 2.6
(36.7)		 5.5
(41.9)		 10.7
(51.3)		 14.1
(57.4)		 16.8
(62.2)		 16.2
(61.2)		 12.6
(54.7)		 9.2
(48.6)		 3.1
(37.6)		 0.2
(32.4)		 7.6
(45.7)
Daily mean °C (°F) −3.4
(25.9)		 −3.6
(25.5)		 −1.5
(29.3)		 1.5
(34.7)		 6.4
(43.5)		 9.5
(49.1)		 11.9
(53.4)		 11.5
(52.7)		 8.3
(46.9)		 5.3
(41.5)		 −0.1
(31.8)		 −2.7
(27.1)		 3.6
(38.5)
Average low °C (°F) −6.1
(21.0)		 −6.6
(20.1)		 −4.5
(23.9)		 −1.6
(29.1)		 2.9
(37.2)		 5.8
(42.4)		 8.2
(46.8)		 8.2
(46.8)		 5.3
(41.5)		 2.4
(36.3)		 −2.6
(27.3)		 −5.3
(22.5)		 0.5
(32.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 86
(3.4)		 79
(3.1)		 92
(3.6)		 96
(3.8)		 119
(4.7)		 152
(6.0)		 163
(6.4)		 170
(6.7)		 124
(4.9)		 88
(3.5)		 106
(4.2)		 90
(3.5)		 1,365
(53.7)
Average snowfall cm (inches) 115.9
(45.6)		 101.3
(39.9)		 109.1
(43.0)		 92.7
(36.5)		 32.9
(13.0)		 12.1
(4.8)		 2.4
(0.9)		 3.4
(1.3)		 12.3
(4.8)		 36.3
(14.3)		 97.5
(38.4)		 106.7
(42.0)		 722.6
(284.5)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 11.2 9.7 12.5 12.4 13.7 15.1 13.8 13.9 11.0 9.4 11.7 11.3 145.7
Average snowy days (≥ 1.0 cm) 12.9 11.6 13.5 11.4 4.6 1.8 0.5 0.5 2 4.5 11.1 13.2 87.6
Average relative humidity (%) 69.4 70.6 72.3 75.4 76.8 76.6 74.9 76.8 75.8 68.0 69.4 69.2 72.9
Mean monthly sunshine hours 108 115 138 141 159 159 195 181 153 142 99 87 1,676
Source: MeteoSwiss [14]

Transportation

The Rhaetian Railway operates frequent train services on the Chur–Arosa railway to Chur.

Notable people
Carl Rüedi ca. 1885
  • Carl Rüedi (1848 – 1901 in Arosa) a Swiss pulmonologist, treated author Robert Louis Stevenson
  • Egbert Coleby Morland FRCS FRCP (1874–1955) an English physician, he practised as a pulmonary specialist in Switzerland 1903–1914, first at Davos and then in Arosa
  • Lieutenant Alfred Michael Koch MC (born 1894 in Arosa - 1984) a Swiss-born Canadian flying ace credited with ten aerial victories
  • Paul ten Bruggencate (1901 in Arosa – 1961) a German astronomer and astrophysicist.
  • Karl-Heinz Kipp (1924 – 2017 in Arosa) a German billionaire, lived in Arosa and owned the Tschuggen Grand Hotel
  • Youri Messen-Jaschin (born 1941 in Arosa) an artist of Latvian origin, he often combines oils and gouaches.
Sport
gollark: (x - 1) * -1 / 3.6288e+5 * (x - 2) * (x - 3) * (x - 4) * (x - 5) * (x - 6) * (x - 7) * (x - 8) * (x - 9) - x * (x - 1) * (x - 2) * (x - 3) * (x - 4) * (x - 5) * (x - 6) * (x - 7) * (x - 9) + x / 40320 * (x - 2) * (x - 3) * (x - 4) * (x - 5) * (x - 6) * (x - 7) * (x - 8) * (x - 9) + x * -1 / 5040 * (x - 1) * (x - 3) * (x - 4) * (x - 5) * (x - 6) * (x - 7) * (x - 8) * (x - 9) + x / 720 * (x - 1) * (x - 2) * (x - 4) * (x - 5) * (x - 6) * (x - 7) * (x - 8) * (x - 9) + x * -1 / 120 * (x - 1) * (x - 2) * (x - 3) * (x - 5) * (x - 6) * (x - 7) * (x - 8) * (x - 9) + x / 24 * (x - 1) * (x - 2) * (x - 3) * (x - 4) * (x - 6) * (x - 7) * (x - 8) * (x - 9) + x * -1 / 6 * (x - 1) * (x - 2) * (x - 3) * (x - 4) * (x - 5) * (x - 7) * (x - 8) * (x - 9) + x / 2 * (x - 1) * (x - 2) * (x - 3) * (x - 4) * (x - 5) * (x - 6) * (x - 8) * (x - 9) + x * (x - 1) * (x - 2) * (x - 3) * (x - 4) * (x - 5) * (x - 6) * (x - 7) * (x - 8) is the output polynomial.
gollark: I put in factorials from 0 to 10.
gollark: I'll just put in some factorials...
gollark: Well, unfortunately my code may have issues with infinite amounts.
gollark: Got any points you want me to overfit a curve to?

References
  1. "Arealstatistik Standard - Gemeinden nach 4 Hauptbereichen". Federal Statistical Office. Retrieved 13 January 2019.
  2. "Ständige Wohnbevölkerung nach Staatsangehörigkeitskategorie Geschlecht und Gemeinde; Provisorische Jahresergebnisse; 2018". Federal Statistical Office. 9 April 2019. Retrieved 11 April 2019.
  3. Nomenklaturen – Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz Archived 13 November 2015 at the Wayback Machine (in German) accessed 9 February 2013
  4. Arosa in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
  5. Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz published by the Swiss Federal Statistical Office (in German) accessed 23 September 2009
  6. Shirer's Rise and Fall of the Third. Reich, location 17382, 56% into the book.
  7. Swiss Federal Statistical Office Archived 5 January 2016 at the Wayback Machine accessed 27-Oct-2009
  8. Swiss Federal Statistical Office - STAT-TAB, online database – Ständige und nichtständige Wohnbevölkerung nach institutionellen Gliederungen, Geburtsort und Staatsangehörigkeit (in German) accessed 23 September 2019
  9. Graubunden Population Statistics Archived 27 August 2009 at the Wayback Machine (in German) accessed 21 September 2009
  10. Graubunden in Numbers Archived 24 September 2009 at the Wayback Machine (in German) accessed 21 September 2009
  11. "Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance". A-Objects. Federal Office for Cultural Protection (BABS). 1 January 2018. Archived from the original on 28 June 2010. Retrieved 12 September 2019.
  12. "MeteoSwiss - Tables". web.archive.org. 14 May 2013. Retrieved 19 May 2020.
  13. "Temperature and Precipitation Average Values-Table, 1961-1990" (in German, French, and Italian). Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology - MeteoSwiss. Archived from the original on 27 June 2009. Retrieved 8 May 2009., the weather station elevation is 1840 metres above sea level.
  14. "Climate Norm Value Tables". Climate diagrams and normals from Swiss measuring stations. Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology (MeteoSwiss). Archived from the original on 14 May 2013. Retrieved 23 January 2013. The weather station elevation is 1840 meters above sea level.

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