Archaeology of China

The archaeology of China is researched intensively in the universities of the region and also attracts considerable international interest on account of the region's civilizations.

The application of scientific archaeology to Chinese sites began in 1921, when Johan Gunnar Andersson first excavated the Yangshao Village sites in Henan.[1] Excavations from 1928 at Anyang, also in northern Henan, by the newly formed Academia Sinica by anthropologist Li Ji uncovered a literate civilization identified with the late stages of the Shang dynasty of early Chinese records. Earlier cities in northern Henan were discovered at Zhengzhou in 1952 and Erlitou in 1959. More recently prehistoric cities such as Panlongcheng and Sanxingdui have been discovered in other parts of China.

History

Main article: History of Chinese archaeology

Archaeological finds

See also: China's 100 major archaeological discoveries in the 20th century

In the 20th century, archaeologists made tens of thousands of discoveries in China. In 2001, the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences organized a poll of experts who selected China's 100 major archaeological discoveries in the 20th century, with Yinxu receiving the most votes.[2][3]

A number of Chinese artifacts dating from the Tang dynasty and Song dynasty, some of which had been owned by Emperor Zhenzong were excavated and then came into the hands of the Kuomintang Muslim General Ma Hongkui, who refused to publicize the findings. Among the artifacts were a white marble tablet from the Tang dynasty, gold nails, and bands made out of metal. It was not until after Ma died, that his wife went to Taiwan in 1971 from America to bring the artifacts to Chiang Kai-shek, who turned them over to the Taipei National Palace Museum.[4]

What were identified as the oldest-known noodles were found in an earthen bowl at the 4,000-year-old site of Lajia on the Yellow River in China. The noodles, discovered by Ye Maolin of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and analyzed by Lu Houyuan of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and colleagues, were 50 cm long and had been made with two strains of millet.[5]

Institutions

• Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
• Chinese Society of Archaeology

See also

• Chinese archaeologists

• Stanislaw Kuczera (1928-2020), Soviet and Russian sinologist and expert on Chinese archaeology - Wikipedia page in Russian

• History of China

References

1. Fan, Ka-wai (2004). "Review of the Web Sites for Chinese Archaeology" (PDF). Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
2. "专家评出"中国20世纪100项考古大发现"". Sohu (in Chinese). March 30, 2001.
3. "20世纪中国100项考古大发现" (in Chinese). Fudan University. March 30, 2009.
4. China archaeology and art digest, Volume 3, Issue 4. Art Text (HK) Ltd. 2000. p. 354. Retrieved November 28, 2010.
5. Houyuan Lu, Xiaoyan Yang, Maolin Ye, Kam-Biu Liu, Zhengkai Xia, Xiaoyan Ren, Linhai Cai, Naiqin Wu and Tung-Sheng Liu. "Culinary archaeology: Millet noodles in Late Neolithic China." Nature 437, 967-968 (13 October 2005). doi:10.1038/437967a

Further reading

• Chang, Kwang-Chih (1977). "The Archeology of Ancient China". Science. Yale University Press. 162 (3853): 519–26. doi:10.1126/science.162.3853.519. PMID 17831565.
• Liu, Li (2004). The Chinese neolithic: trajectories to early states. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-81184-2.
• Loewe, Michael; Shaughnessy, Edward L., eds. (1999). The Cambridge History of Ancient China. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-47030-8.
• Thorp, Robert L. (2006). China in the early bronze age: Shang civilization. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0-8122-3910-2.
• Treistman, Judith M. (1972). The prehistory of China: an archeological exploration. Natural History Press.