Antoine Walsh

Antoine Vincent Walsh (1703 – 1763), was an Irish-born shipowner and slave trader, operating in Nantes, France; whose family were exiled Jacobites.

Early life

His father was Philip Walsh, a Waterford merchant, who settled in Saint Malo about 1685, and who would die at sea on an African voyage. It was Philip who had conveyed the defeated James II of England from Kinsale, Ireland to Saint Malo, France in 1690 after the Battle of the Boyne thus starting the family connections to the House of Stuart.

Antoine was born 22 Jan in Saint Malo. After serving in the French Navy, he settled in Nantes, which had emerged as the France's chief slaving port; where he found advantage in its close-knit Irish community.

Career

He became a merchant was a major figure in and made a fortune from the Atlantic slave trade of Nantes.[1] slave-trading and plantation-owning had made him the friend of kings. Antoine became wealthy on the back of the slave trade. The trade operated in a triangular fashion, supplying Africa with textiles, brandy, and firearms; slaves for the French West Indies in Martinique, Guadeloupe, and Saint-Domingue; sugar and tobacco for Europe.

Marriage

In 1741 he married Mary O'Shiell, a French-Irish businesswoman in Nantes in France, where she is a known figure in the history of Nantes, alongside her sisters Agnés O'Shiell and Anne O'Shiell. She was the daughter of the Irish Jacobite Luke O'Shiell (1677-1745), who was born in Dublin but emigrated to Nantes after the Irish defeat, and Agnès Vanasse (1690-1724). The family manor of the O'Shiell, Manoir de la Placelière, became the gathering place of the large Irish colony in Nantes.

1745
Prince Charles Edward taking leave of Antoine Walsh at Loch nan Uamh, Scotland

In 1744 he commissioned a new French privateer the Du Teillay (18 guns), in Nantes. She played a central role in the Jacobite rising of 1745, ferrying Charles Edward Stuart to Ardmolich with supplies and funds to support his cause.[2]

He took a leading role in the French Irish community's financing and planning and of Charles's expedition to Scotland, the 1745 Jacobite rising, and was a key figure in all aspects of the naval side of the rebellion. In his correspondence with the Prince, Walsh adopted the pseudonym Monsieur Le Grand and the young prince was called Mr Douglas; they also had face-to-face planning meetings at Navarre in April 1745. Antoine accompanied the Prince on the journey on board the Du Teillay (Captain Claude Durbé) on 7 July at Saint-Nazaire and they were joined by French escort warship the L'Elisabeth, bound for Ardmolich in Scotland. Two days later on the 9 July 1745 they were intercepted off the Lizard by HMS Lion, and were severely impeded in their mission when they exchanged fire, the Elisabeth was so badly damaged she had to return to port taking the arms and Irish volunteers with her.

The Du Teillay and was obliged to continued alone eventually arriving at Eriskay in the Outer Hebrides on 2 August, they then sailed onto Loch nan Uamh and two days later Antoine had to take his leave for France, leaving Charles with his eight companions to proceed to Glenfinnan where on 19 August 1745 he raised his Standard, despite having no money and no supplies.[3]

In the same year Antoine's second son, Antoine Jean Baptiste Walsh (1745-1789) was born.

James III (James Francis Edward Stuart) the Prince's father created him an Irish Earl Walsh in October 1745.

After Culloden, on 16 April 1746 Walsh sent detailed proposals to Maurepas the French minister of marine for rescuing the prince, some of which was acted upon, however following risings failure he had fallen out of grace with the French court.

Coincidentally Charles was to return to Loch nan Uamh by the 20 September 1746 to the nearby Prince's Cairn, which marks the spot where he finally left Scotland forever on a French ship after the unsuccessful Rebellion

He sufficiently had recovered favour at court to be ennobled by Louis XV in December 1753.

Château de Serrant
The Walsh Regiment

In 1749, Antoine assisted his brother François Jacques Walsh (1704-1782) in buying from the last surviving descendant of the de Bautru family, the lordship of Serrant in Anjou; coming with the Château de Serrant and its estate. The Walsh family set about redecorating the interior of the castle, they built an English style park, pavilions, and a monumental gate complete with the family crest.

Francois Jacques (a wealthy Nantes shipowner in his own right) became Count de Serrant in 1754.

The château eventually passed out of the hands of the Walsh family in 1830 when Valentine Eugénie Joséphine Walsh de Serrant married the Duc de La Trémoïlle (1764–1839). La Trémoïlle set to the task of restoring the castle and added several features, including parapets and cornices. The La Trémoïlle family still own the château.

Later life

In 1755, the O'Shiell family became ennobled.

Antoine remained a trusted friend of the Prince, acting as an intermediary with Frederick II of Prussia's ambassador to Paris the Earl Marischal in their dispute in 1754.

He died at Cap Français, San Domingo (Haiti), on 2 March 1763.

On his death his Jacobite peerage passed to his second and only surviving son, Antoine Jean Baptiste.

Irish Brigade (France)

The Walsh family are connected with the Irish Brigade. After the Glorious Revolution, Louis XIV founded the brigade in May 1690, it consisted of three regiments; one of which will be renamed the Walsh regiment in 1770; when it was led by a nephew of Antoines, born in Cadiz, home to another colony of officers and shipowners, who were Jacobites.

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References

[4] [5] [6] [7] [8]

  1. "History Ireland". History Ireland. 2007-05-13. Retrieved 2016-12-03.
  2. "Action between HMS Lion and Elizabeth and the Du Teillay, 9 July 1745 - National Maritime Museum". Collections.rmg.co.uk. Retrieved 2016-12-03.
  3. "Charles Edward Stuart: Biography on Undiscovered Scotland". Undiscoveredscotland.co.uk. Retrieved 2016-12-03.
  4. ""pierfit" - Geneanet". Gw4.geneanet.org. Archived from the original on 2010-03-24. Retrieved 2016-12-03.
  5. "Quelques familles de négociants angevins et nantais dans la colonisation. - Balades en généalogie". L-ardoise-fine.over-blog.com. Retrieved 2016-12-03.
  6. "Bretagne et Irlande dans l'histoire by yann rivallain". Issuu.com. 2009-09-02. Retrieved 2016-12-03.
  7. "Château-Thébaud : Histoire, Patrimoine, Noblesse (commune du canton de Vertou-Vignoble)". Infobretagne.com (in French). Retrieved 2016-12-03.
  8. "Héraldique : logiciels de dessin et de recherche de blasons". Euraldic.com. Archived from the original on 2008-09-19. Retrieved 2016-12-03.
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