Amyema quandang

Amyema quandang is a species of hemi-parasitic shrub which is widespread throughout the mainland of Australia, especially arid inland regions, sometimes referred to as the grey mistletoe.[4]

Amyema quandang
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Santalales
Family: Loranthaceae
Genus: Amyema
Species:
A. quandang
Binomial name
Amyema quandang
Varieties

A. quandang var. quandang[2]
A. quandang var. bancroftii (Bailey) Barlow[3]

Collections data for A. quandang from the Australasian Virtual Herbarium

Description

An aerial shrub, without conventional roots, which attaches to the stems of species of Acacia. The leaves are leathery and greyish, and lanceolate to broadly ovate.[1] Flowers are red, green and grey and appear sometime between April and October. The fruit is a fleshy drupe, between 6 and 10 millimetres long, which contains an oily seed.[5]

Ecology

The plant has a hemi-parasitic relationship with Acacia, it is recorded on: A. aneura, A. cambagei, A. papyrocarpa, A. omalophylla and A. dealbata.[1]

Two species of birds are noted for their interdependence, or mutualism, where they occur with A. quandang in the arid interior of Australia. Nectar from the species provides an important part of the diet of spiny-cheeked honeyeaters Acanthagenys rufogularis, who assist in its pollination. The fruit is consumed by mistletoebirds, Dicaeum hirundinaceum, who disperse the seed; the year round availability of the fruit is ignored by other frugivores.[6]

The hybridisation of this species with Amyema pendula, rare amongst Loranthaceae, has produced first generation hybrids.[7]

Taxonomy

Amyema quandang is member of Santalales, the mistletoe order, placed within the family Loranthaceae. The first publication of the species was made in a note by John Lindley in 1838,[8] describing the plant noted by Thomas Mitchell as growing on Santalum acuminatum, another hemiparasite known as quandong.

May 9. We moved to the pond above-mentioned, named Yambarenga ... and in some

places I observed the Quandang bushes,* having their branches covered with a parasitical plant whose bright crimson flowers were very ornamental.**[8]
(*Footnote. Fusanus acuminatus.)
— Lindley, Mitchell, 1838[9]

The description in the genus Loranthus remained until Philippe Édouard Léon Van Tieghem transferred it to the genus Amyema in 1894.[10][11] The genus name is derived from Greek for 'without' and 'to instruct'.[12]

Two varieties of the species are described, Amyema quandang var. quandang and Amyema quandang var. bancroftii (F.M.Bailey) Barlow,[13] the latter being found in Queensland and New South Wales.[3]

Host plants

[14]

Apocynaceae Carissa ovata
Caesalpiniaceae Bauhinia sp.
Casuarinaceae Casuarina sp.
Cupressaceae Callitris sp.
Euphorbiaceae Mallotus claoxyloides
Meliaceae Owenia acidula
Mimosaceae Acacia ammobia, Acacia aneura, Acacia argyrodendron, Acacia baileyana, Acacia blakei, Acacia burkittii, Acacia burrowii, Acacia cambagei, Acacia cana, Acacia cheelii, Acacia colletioides, Acacia crassa, Acacia dealbata, Acacia deanei, Acacia decurrens, Acacia doratoxylon, Acacia excelsa, Acacia georginae, Acacia gonoclada, Acacia harpophylla, Acacia homalophylla, Acacia kempeana, Acacia leiocalyx, Acacia loderi, Acacia longispicata, Acacia macdonnelliensis, Acacia mearnsii, Acacia melanoxylon, Acacia neriifolia, Acacia omalophylla, Acacia oswaldii, Acacia papyrocarpa, Acacia pendula, Acacia pycnantha, Acacia rigens, Acacia shirleyi, Acacia silvestris, Acacia sparsiflora, Acacia tetragonophylla, Acacia victoriae
Myoporaceae Eremophila mitchellii, Myoporum platycarpum
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus lacrimans, Eucalyptus largiflorens, Melaleuca lanceolata
Proteaceae Hakea arborescens
Rutaceae Flindersia maculosa, Geijera parviflora
Sapindaceae Alectryon diversifolius, Alectryon oleifolius

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References
  1. "Amyema quandang (Lindl.) Tiegh". PlantNET - New South Wales Flora Online. Royal Botanic Gardens & Domain Trust.
  2. "Amyema quandang var. quandang (Lindl.) Tiegh". PlantNET - New South Wales Flora Online. Royal Botanic Gardens & Domain Trust.
  3. "Amyema quandang var. bancroftii (Lindl.) Tiegh". PlantNET - New South Wales Flora Online. Royal Botanic Gardens & Domain Trust.
  4. "19 Mistletoe Amyema (various species)". Aboriginal Plant Use in South-Eastern Australia. Australian National Herbarium. Archived from the original on 25 June 2009. Retrieved 2009-07-10.
  5. "Amyema quandang (Lindl.) Tiegh". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.
  6. Reid, Nick (July 28, 2006). "Mutualistic interdependence between mistletoes (Amyema quandang), and spiny-cheeked honeyeaters and mistletoebirds in an arid woodland". Austral Ecology. Ecological Society of Australia. 15 (2): 175–190. doi:10.1111/j.1442-9993.1990.tb01526.x.
  7. Calder, DM; FG Lennox; P. Bernhardt. "Natural hybridization between Amyema pendulum and Amyema quandang, Loranthaceae". Australian Journal of Botany. CSIRO. 30 (6): 625–633. doi:10.1071/bt9820625.
  8. [from Mitchell](**Footnote. Loranthus quandang, Lindley manuscripts; incanus, foliis oppositis lineari-oblongis obsolete triplinerviis obtusis, pedunculis axillaribus folio multo bevioribus apice divaricato-bifidis 6-floris, floribus pentameris aequalibus, petalis linearibus, antheris linearibus basi insertis. Next L. gaudichaudi.)
  9. Lindley, J. in Mitchell, T.L. (1838), Three Expeditions into the interior of Eastern Australia 2: 69 (Gutenberg text)
  10. Tieghem, P.E.L. van (1894) Bulletin de la Societe Botanique de France 41: 507
  11. "Amyema quandang (Lindl.) Tiegh". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government.
  12. "Amyema". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.
  13. Amyema quandang var. bancroftii (F.M.Bailey) Barlow. Barlow, B.A. (1966) A revision of the Loranthaceae of Australia and New Zealand. Australian Journal of Botany 14(3): 481, fig. 9 (map) [comb. nov.]
  14. Downey, P.O. (1998) An inventory of host species for each aerial mistletoe species (Loranthaceae and Viscaceae) in Australia. (Cunninghamia 5(3) 685-720)
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