Ammonium sulfite

Ammonium sulfite
Names
	IUPAC name Ammonium sulfite
	Other names Ammonium sulphite, Diammonium sulfite, Diammonium sulfonate, Sulfurous acid, Diammonium salt, Sulfurous acid, ammonium salt(1:2)
Identifiers
CAS Number	10196-04-0 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image; Interactive image;
ChemSpider	23404 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.030.428
EC Number	233-484-9;
PubChem CID	25041;
UNII	8LF589Y5GD ;
UN number	3077
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID2064991 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/2H3N.H2O3S/c;;1-4(2)3/h2*1H3;(H2,1,2,3) Key: PQUCIEFHOVEZAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
	SMILES [H][N+]([H])([H])[H].[H][N+]([H])([H])[H].O=S([O-])[O-]; [O-]S([O-])=O.[NH4+].[NH4+];
Properties
Chemical formula	(NH4)2SO3
Molar mass	116.14 g/mol
Appearance	colourless[1] ; hygroscopic Crystals[2]
Melting point	65 °C (149 °F; 338 K) decomposes[1]
Solubility in water	35 g/100 mL[1] 32.4g/100mL at 0 degrees Celsius[3] 60.4g/100mL at 100 degrees Celsius[3]
Solubility	Insoluble in acetone and alcohol[2]
Refractive index (nD)	1.515.[3]
Hazards
GHS pictograms
GHS Signal word	Danger
GHS hazard statements	H314
GHS precautionary statements	P260, P264, P280, P301+330+331, P302+352, P303+361+353, P304+340, P305+351+338, P310, P321, P332+313, P337+313, P362, P363, P405, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	0 2 0
Flash point	Not Flammable[2]
Related compounds
Other anions	Ammonium hydroxide Ammonium thiosulfate Ammonium sulfate Ammonium bisulfate Ammonium persulfate
Other cations	Sodium Sulfite Potassium Sulfite
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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	Infobox references

Ammonium sulfite is the ammonium salt of sulfurous acid with the chemical formula (NH₄)₂SO₃.

Preparation

Ammonium sulfite can be prepared by the reaction of ammonia with sulfur dioxide in aqueous solution:

2NH₃ + SO₂ + H₂O → (NH₄)₂SO₃

Ammonium sulfite is produced in gas scrubbers, now obsolete, consisting of ammonium hydroxide to remove sulfur dioxide from emissions from power plants. The conversion is the basis of the Walther Process. The resulting ammonium sulfite can be air oxidized to give ammonium sulfate.[4]

Uses

Ammonium sulfite is the precursor to ammonium thiosulfate, by reaction with elemental sulfur.

Niche

For cosmetics, ammonium sulfite is used as a hair straightening agent and a hair waving agent.[5] Ammonium based hair products have been made to replace sodium hydroxide based products due to the destructive nature of sodium hydroxide on hair.

The most common food product with ammonium sulfite is caramel coloring. According to the FDA, caramel coloring contains ammonium, potassium, or sodium sulfite.[6]

Ammonium sulfite is used as a preservative for fixers in photography. When film photographs are being developed ammonium sulfite can be one of the reducing agents used to preserve the hypo (Sodium or Ammonium Thiosulfate). Examples are given in Modern Photographic Processing, Volume I by Doctor Grant M. Haist of Eastman Kodak.

Ammonium sulfite can also be used in the making of bricks. The bricks made using ammonium sulfite are mainly used for blast furnace linings.[7]

Ammonium sulfite can be included in lubricants for cold metal working. The lubricants are intended to reduce friction to keep heat production down and keep impurities out of the metals.[7]

Chemical Properties

Ammonium sulfite is a reducing agent.[8] It emits sulfur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen upon heating to decomposition.

The specific gravity of ammonium sulfite is 1.41.[2] The refractive index of ammonium sulfite is 1.515.[3]

References

"Chemical Entity Data Page".
Material Safety Data Sheet: Ammonium sulfite MSDS. accessed Oct 19, 2011)
Pubchem. "SID 167823 - PubChem".
Karl-Heinz Zapp (2012). "Ammonium Compounds". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a02_243.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
Europe. European Commission. Health and Consumers. Cosmetics - CosIng [Cosmetics Directive (v.1). European Commission. Web. 26 Oct. 2011.
United States. FDA. CFR - Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Health and Human Services. 1 Apr. 2011. Web
O'Neil, Maryadele J. The Merck Index: an Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck, 2001. 561. Print.
"Ammoniumsulfit - 10196-04-0".

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[chementity-1] "Chemical Entity Data Page".

[MSDS-2] Material Safety Data Sheet: Ammonium sulfite MSDS. accessed Oct 19, 2011)

[pubchem-3] Pubchem. "SID 167823 - PubChem".

[Ullmann-4] Karl-Heinz Zapp (2012). "Ammonium Compounds". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a02_243.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)

[Cosmetics-5] Europe. European Commission. Health and Consumers. Cosmetics - CosIng [Cosmetics Directive (v.1). European Commission. Web. 26 Oct. 2011.

[FDA-6] United States. FDA. CFR - Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Health and Human Services. 1 Apr. 2011. Web

[Merck-7] O'Neil, Maryadele J. The Merck Index: an Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck, 2001. 561. Print.

[chembook-8] "Ammoniumsulfit - 10196-04-0".