American Eagle Flight 5452

American Eagle Flight 5452 was a commuter flight between Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport in San Juan, Puerto Rico and Eugenio María de Hostos Airport in Mayagüez. The flight was operated by Executive Airlines, doing business as American Eagle, and was operated by a CASA C-212 Aviocar aircraft. Visual meteorological conditions were present as the plane made its final approach to runway 9 at Mayagüez on May 8, 1987. The plane crashed 600 feet short of the runway,[1] destroying the aircraft and killing both pilots, but leaving the four passengers with only minor injuries.[2]

American Eagle Flight 5452
CASA C-212-300 Aviocar similar to accident aircraft.
Accident
DateMay 8, 1987 (1987-05-08)
SummaryImproper maintenance, pilot error
SiteEugenio María de Hostos Airport, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico
18.2536°N 67.1566°W / 18.2536; -67.1566
Aircraft
Aircraft typeCASA C-212 Aviocar
OperatorExecutive Airlines
RegistrationN432CA
Flight originLuis Muñoz Marín International Airport, San Juan, Puerto Rico
DestinationEugenio María de Hostos Airport, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico
Occupants6
Passengers4
Crew2
Fatalities2
Injuries4
Survivors4

Accident

Flight 5452 took off five minutes late, at 6:20 am, from San Juan with four passengers aboard. Half an hour later, as the flight was landing, witnesses reported hearing the engine make irregular sounds, and then observed the plane bank to the left and impact the ground. It was initially reported that the pilot lost control while landing.[1] The plane crashed short of the runway and slammed into the airport perimeter fence. After the crash, a fire broke out, which was contained within minutes by airport firefighters.[2]

Aircraft

The aircraft, a CASA C-212~C registered N432CA, was put into service with Executive Airlines in October 1986 after it was purchased from Prinair. As a result of the impact of the crash and subsequent fire, the aircraft was destroyed. The aircraft involved in the crash had prior maintenance troubles related to engine torque. In fact, just a day before the accident, issues with the propeller blade angle were addressed by Executive's maintenance department.

Crew

The captain, Franklin Rivera Velez, 44, held an Airline Transport Pilot (ATP) certificate. He had 20 years of pilot experience, with about 10,000 hours of total flying time. He had accumulated about 5,000 hours of turbine engine airplane experience, 4,500 hours of which were in the deHavilland DHC-6 Twin Otter, and 473 hours of which were in the CASA C-212. The first officer, Reynold E. Santiaqo Cordero, 32, also held an ATP certificate. He had 10 years of pilot experience, with about 4,473 hours of total pilot time, 459 hours of which were in the CASA C-212. He was not type rated in the CASA C-212.

Investigation

Early similarities were drawn between Flight 5452 and that of Northwest Airlink Flight 2268, another CASA C-212 which crashed in Detroit earlier that year.[3] The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) investigated. The investigation was hindered by the lack of flight data or voice recorders, which were not required on commuter aircraft at the time, and by lack of radar data, as the Mayagüez control tower had been shut down by the Federal Aviation Administration due to budgetary constraints. Airport facilities, however, were not a factor in the crash.[2]

The NTSB determined early on that the captain had flown an unstable approach, descending steeply and too close to the runway. As a result, the captain would not have had sufficient time to correct problems as they arose. Furthermore, the plane's flaps were found to be in the up position, which is improper procedure. The NTSB could only speculate that either the pilots forgot to set the flaps, or that they incorrectly retracted the flaps while attempting to go-around. The flap-setting error could have contributed to a stall. [2]

Ultimately, the cause of the crash was not blamed on pilot error, although that was a contributing factor, but rather on maintenance issues at Executive Airlines. Pilots on prior flights flying the accident aircraft had reported difficulties with the engine thrust, but few proper repairs were done. It seemed likely that one of the engines slipped to idle, causing asymmetrical thrust and a loss of speed.

The NTSB concluded that Executive Airlines' scheduled maintenance and inspections of the airplane were not performed in conformance with its approved maintenance program, and that the manner in which required inspections of maintenance tasks were recorded and the subsequent approval of the airplane for return to service were not conducted in accordance with the proper maintenance practices.[2]

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References
  1. "2 Dead as Commuter Plane Crashes in Puerto Rico". The New York Times. May 9, 1987. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 19 July 2011.
  2. Aircraft Accident Report – Executive Air Charter, inc., dba American Eagle, Flight 5452, CASA C-212-CC, N432CA, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico, May 8, 1987 (PDF). National Transportation Safety Board. 1988-08-02. Retrieved 2011-07-18.CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  3. Gaud, Frank (May 8, 1987). "Two Killed, Others Injured, in Puerto Rico Plane Crash". Associated Press.
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