Ambaghai

Ambaghai or Hambaqai[1] Khan (Mongolian: ᠠᠮᠪᠠᠭᠠᠢ) was a khan of Khamag Mongol, one of the great grandsons of Khaidu Khan and the cousin and predecessor of Hotula Khan.

Ambaghai
Modern portrayal of Ambaghai in Jurchen captivity
Khan of Khamag Mongol
Reign1130s or 1140/1150s
PredecessorKhabul Khan
SuccessorHotula Khan
Chief of the Taichuud
PredecessorCharaqai Lingqum
SuccessorQadaan Taishi
Diedc. 1136 or 1156
Huining Prefecture, Jin dynasty
HouseBorjigin

Life

Ambaghai was born to Sorqaduqtu China, a son of Charaqai Lingqum[2] who in turn was son of Khaidu Khan. His father is mentioned as Senggüm Bilge in The Secret History of the Mongols. A member of the cadet branch of Borjigin clan, he was ruler of the Taichuud tribe and later khan of Khamag Mongol. According to Rashidaddin, he succeeded Khabul Khan, because he was seniormost in Borjigid line.[2] Towards end of his rule, he was captured alongside Khabul Khan's son Tödö'en Otchigin by the Tatars when he was on a trip to marry his son Qadaan Taishi to a daughter of chief of the Airu'ut Tatars. In fact, this was done under the commands of the Jurchen Jin dynasty in response to the Mongols' growing power. He was brought to Jin capital Zhongdu was executed by crucifixion and later hacked to death.[3] Sources do not give exact date on Ambaghai's reign or death date. According to Chih-Shu Eva Cheng's calculation, he died c. 1136 at same time as Marcus, khan of Naimans and father of Cyriacus.[1] While Christoph Baumer states he reigned through 1147-1150.[4] He was followed by Hotula Khan, his distant cousin.

His son Qadaan Taishi followed him as de-facto chief of Taichuud and joined Hotula Khan on his campaigns against Tatars. But he was poisoned in 1160s, possibly by his brothers and cousins over succession.[1] Qadaan seems to be succeeded by Targutai Kiriltuk - a rival of Genghis Khan later.

In 1211 Genghis Khan instigated the Mongol–Jin War, ending in the fall of the Jin dynasty, in sworn revenge for Ambaghai's kidnapping and execution.

Family

He left several sons with his two wives - Orbei and Sokhatai[5]:

  1. Adal Khan
    1. Targutai Kiriltuk (d. 1201) — chief of Taichuuds and a rival of Genghis Khan.
  2. Au'chu Baghatur
  3. Qadaan Taishi
  4. Quril Baghatur
  5. Töda'a — one of the sub-chiefs of Taichuuds during reign of Genghis khan.[2]
  6. Qodun Orchang
  7. Bakhachi
  8. Udor Bayan

In Media
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References
  1. Cheng, Chih-Shu E. (1996). Studies in the career of Chinggis Qan (phd thesis). SOAS University of London.
  2. Rashīd al-Dīn Ṭabīb; Thackston, W. M (1998). Rashiduddin Fazlullah's Jamiʻuʼt-tawarikh = Compendium of chronicles. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University, Dept. of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations. pp. 121–123. OCLC 41120851.
  3. Kubilay Atik, DYNASTIC RELATIONS IN EAST ASIA DURING THE 10TH-14TH CENTURIES, p. 177
  4. Baumer, Christoph (2016-05-30). The History of Central Asia: The Age of Islam and the Mongols. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-83860-939-9.
  5. Waley, Arthur (2013-05-13). The Secret History of the Mongols: And Other Pieces. Routledge. p. 225. ISBN 978-1-136-74824-0.

See also
Ambaghai
House of Borjigin
Regnal titles
Preceded by
Khabul Khan		 Khan of Khamag Mongol
1130s		 Succeeded by
Hotula
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