Allen Apsley (Royalist)

Sir Allen Apsley (1616–1685) was a leading Royalist in the English Civil War. He was the son of Sir Allen Apsley (1582–1630), and brother of Lucy Hutchinson (1620–1681).

Sir Allen Apsley
Born	September 1616 St Martin-in-the-Fields
Died	15 October 1685 London
Buried	Westminster Abbey
Rank	Colonel
Battles/wars	Siege of Wardour Castle, Battle of Cropredy Bridge, Second Battle of Newbury, Battle of Naseby
Other work	MP for Thetford

He began his military career as a captain in Lord Goring's regiment in 1639. He was chosen to be Master of the King's Hawks. He fought in the Battle of Cropredy Bridge on 29 June 1644. He was a Colonel in co-command, of the rearguard of foot of the Reds. He was also in co-command of the rearguard of horse.

Family

Allen Apsley was born in September 1616 in East Smithfield near St Martin-in-the-Fields, London, in a house owned by the King on loan to his father Sir Allen for services to the Navy; and baptised on 6 September in All Hallows Church, Barking. He was the eldest son of Sir Allen Apsley and his third wife Lucy St John of Lydiard Tregoze in Wiltshire. Soon to follow were four more sons and five daughters, of which only three boys and two girls survived the father. William and James were the two other boys but most notable was the eldest daughter Lucy, who in 1638 married John Hutchinson. Allen and his brothers were educated at Merchant Taylors' School for boys and Trinity College, Oxford (Allen did not finish his masters until after the Civil War).

His father Sir Allen was a man of some reputation who in 1620 was made Lieutenant of the Tower of London, where it is said he was so friendly to the prisoners that they did not want to leave. He was also a good friend of the Duke of Buckingham and it was with Buckingham in 1630 on an expedition to the island of Wre that Sir Allen contracted a fever and died. He left his wife and children a number of estates and financial dealings that were in a state of confusion due to his habit of lending money to condemned prisoners in the Tower. Lucy soon remarried and a bitter family feud erupted over the estates and monies remaining. This feud was finally brought to a close in young Allen's favour some six years later by the personal intervention of the King himself.

Sir Allen married Frances Petre, daughter of John Petre of Bowkay, Devon and by her had at least three children, of whom:

• Isabella married William Wentworth and they became the parents of Thomas, 1st Earl Strafford;
• Frances married Sir Benjamin Bathurst becoming the parents of Allen 1st Earl Bathurst;
• Sir Peter Apsley had a daughter, his sole heiress Catherine, who married Allen 1st Earl Bathurst, her first cousin.

English Civil War

In 1642, Allen Apsley served as a captain in Lord John Byron's Horse and possibly served at Edgehill with them during the Civil War. It is also known that he spent some time with the King's forces garrisoned at Nottingham that year as he stayed in the house next door to his sister, Lucy. He was knighted by the King later that year and commissioned to raise a troop of horse of his own in the West Country and by the end of 1642 he had been made Governor of Exeter in Devon (Exeter itself did not fall until 7 September). It is in that area that he also first set about raising a regiment of infantry. By spring 1643, Sir Allen had managed to raise a regiment 300 strong with a mixture of men from Devon, Dorset, Somerset, Cornwall and South Wales, although a few of his officers were experienced soldiers from the Irish wars as well.

During the civil wars, it was common practice in campaign season for the bulk of a city or town's defending force to join the field army until the winter months, leaving only a token force as garrison guards until their return. This is what most likely happened to Sir Allen's Regiments of horse and foot because by October that year Apsley's were heavily engaged in the siege of Wardour Castle.

It was there that they received orders from Oxford: Sir William Ogle had surprised Winchester and it was considered imperative he be supported. Sir Ralph Hopton (Commander of the army of the west) accordingly dispatched some of his own dragoons under Major Philip Day and 600 foot under Sir Allen Apsley to help (300 of his own regiment and 300 recently raised Dorset & Somerset Coys who were as yet unassigned).

By this point, his horse troop (probably no more than 25–30 strong at best) had been deployed under Sir Edward Stawell's brigade to make up the numbers for Hopton's field army. Apsley's were not long in waiting to see more action as they were recalled to take part in the Cheriton Wood skirmish and the Cropredy Bridge campaigns in 1644. It was at that point that Apsley's was placed under Sir Bernard Astley's tercio (again with Vavs) for the Lostwithiel campaign. Apsley's were also recorded as being at the Albourne Chase muster in spring 1644 as part of the Oxford Army, although no other record of this exists other than the colour documentation.

It is not known if Apsley himself was still with the field army at this point as Exeter was a pro-Parliament town and he would most likely have been needed there to keep order. It seems more likely that Sir Edward Hopton the lieutenant colonel would have taken charge, as he was the more experienced soldier. Astley's tercio was now split in half, one lot going to the relief of Portland castle while the other half made up the left wing at the second battle of Newbury. It is not known at present who went where, but presumably Apsley's was at Newbury due to its good strength compared to the other regiments in the tercio.

On 29 May 1645, Apsley's and the rest of Astley's tercio made up the right flank at the storming of Leicester, which fell the next day in a bloody massacre to the royalist cry of "Kill Dead!" It is presumed by this point that Apsley's horse had either gone back to Exeter with Allen or been amalgamated into one of the other horse regiments as no further records of them exist.

By the Battle of Naseby on 14 June 1645, what was left of Astley's tercio was amalgamated into Sir Edward Hopton's brigade. Hopton was also promoted to colonel of Apsley's at this point (hence no listing of Apsley's at Naseby because they were now known as Sir Edward Hopton's regiment). It seems most likely that Apsley's/Hopton's met a brave but bloody end on that fateful day in June 1645. However some of Apsley's were recorded as being at the battle of Langport later that year under Goring (presumably either survivors from Naseby but more likely some of the garrison troops who had never left Exeter before). The Prince of Wales visited Sir Allen in Exeter in 1645 and towards the end of 1645 Apsley was made the Governor of Barnstaple, the largest town in north Devon. Exeter fell to Parliament on 9 April 1646 and Sir Allen surrendered Barnstaple on 19 April.

Commonwealth

When Sir Allen surrendered Barnstaple on 19 April 1646, the terms were that he would remain a free man but would suffer several large fines, penalties and sequestrations. Sir Allen, ever the optimist, decided to turn to whatever allies he could muster, most notably his brother James who had at first fought for the King then unsuccessfully tried to raise a regiment for Parliament in Sussex in 1643 due to his unpopularity with the locals and Sir William Waller. But most successful was his brother-in-law Colonel John Hutchinson. On 30 January 1647 Sir Allen and his brother begged parliament to restrain from sequestering his wife's (Frances Petre) estates and on 2 February this was approved (presumably through pressure from Hutchinson and some well-placed bribes). On 25 February he received a fine for raising arms against the parliament for the sum of £9551 15 shillings.

Once again he turned to his brother-in-law's influence to get the sum three times reduced till eventually it was only £1741 10 shillings. This was still a hefty fine by the day's standards but it was paid off by the end of 1648. Sometime in the next few years Sir Allen took ship to Holland and served as a courtier for the exiled King Charles II. He may well have been with Charles for the Worcester campaign of 1650–1651 but it does not look like he had any military command at that time. While in France during the Commonwealth, Sir Allen became a drinking crony of the exiled King. Charles II rewarded Sir Allen with a few minor offices of state during this period but it was not until the Restoration that he would reap his real rewards.

Restoration

Upon the restoration, Apsley was made Keeper of the King's Hawks (a very prestigious and enterprising affair with many benefits) in 1660 and keeper of the North Park of Hampton Court in 1661, also treasurer to James Duke of York's household later that year. Many of his former estates and revenues were returned to him.

Apsley did not give his brother-in-law a helping hand – rather he did the opposite. John Hutchinson being a regicide was arrested and while Apsley assured his sister Lucy he was doing all he could to save him, he was giving evidence against him in private. He did however gain permission for Lucy to see John on a number of occasions and even to allow them to walk on the beach together with a guard behind them at one point. It did not last long, however; Hutchinson perished in the Tower of London a broken man in 1664; one of his dying requests was "To remember him to Sir Allen and tell him he hoped God would reward his labour of love to him". The reason for Apsley's indifference to his sister's pleas is not known. Although he received considerable rewards and stations from the King during the following years, Apsley was renowned for complaining of being short of cash, "Sometimes cursing the King and all parliaments to hell".

From 1661 to 1678, Apsley was MP for Thetford, Norfolk. In 1666 he caused many disturbances in the House of Commons by coming there in a state of drunkenness. Samuel Pepys said of him "he would often give good sport to the house, arriving in a drunken mood of foul mouthed obscenities!" By this time Apsley had many estates in England, stretching from Norfolk to Sussex to Devon, and a richly decorated house in St James's Square, London.

In 1667 a new threat to the peace of Britain was on the horizon and Apsley, now aged 51, was commissioned by the King to raise a horse regiment to repel the Dutch in case of invasion.

Apsley was a signatory to "The Several Declarations of The Company of Royal Adventurers of England Trading into Africa". This document was published in 1667 by the Royal African Company, a corporation which attempted to monopolize the slave trade in England in the late 1660s.[1] There is a possibility that someone signed on Apsley's behalf; however, if that is not the case, then the signature is evidence that he both consciously supported and funded England's slave trade.[2] The Royal African Company was led by the Duke of York, James II of England, and Apsley was "appointed cofferer of the duke's household," in charge of managing the duke's financial affairs.[3] Thus, Apsley's involvement with the Royal African Company is highly likely.

Death and legacy

On 15 October 1685, Sir Allen died at his London home and was buried two days later in Westminster Abbey; his inscription reads simply "Here lies Sir Allen Apsley Born 1614 Died 1683".

The epic poem "Order and Disorder: Or, the World Made and Undone, being Meditations upon the Creation and the Fall as it is Recorded in the Beginning of Genesis", anonymously published in 1679, was long attributed to Apsley. However, in his 2001 edition of the text David Norbrook convincingly reattributed the poem to Apsley's sister, Lucy Hutchinson, and the work is now widely acknowledged to be hers.[4] A private letter written by Apsley to John Evelyn relating to some business of the Duchess of York survives in the British Museum.

References

1. Davies, K. G. (Kenneth Gordon) (1999). The Royal African Company. London: Routledge/Thoemmes Press. ISBN 0-415-19072-X. OCLC 42746420.
2. Pettigrew, William A. (William Andrew), 1978-. Freedom's debt : the Royal African Company and the politics of the Atlantic slave trade, 1672-1752. Omohundro Institute of Early American History & Culture,. Chapel Hill [North Carolina]. ISBN 978-1-4696-1183-9. OCLC 879306121.CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
3. Seaward, Paul (23 September 2004). "Apsley, Sir Allen". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
4. Hunt, Katherine "Some Notes on Order and Disorder" http://www.bbk.ac.uk/english/our-research/research_seminars/lrs/Katherine_OrderandDisorderPaper1.pdf Retrieved 2 February 2013

• C. V. Wedgwood, The King's Peace and The King's War
• Kenyon & Ohlmer, The Civil Wars
• Millman & Downing, Civil War
• P. Gaunt, The Cromwellian Gazetteer
• S. Reed, Officers and Regiments of the Civil Wars, Vol 1
• Prof. R. Hutton, The Royalist War Effort
• C. Carlton, Going to the Wars
• W. Seymore, Battles in Britain
• S. Reed, All The Kings Armies
• Samuel Pepys diaries
• Lucy Hutchinson, Memoirs of John Hutchinson
• PRO Archives
• Calendars of state papers domestic 1630–1660
• Calendars for the committee of compounding with delinquents Vol 1-6
• P.R. Newman,s Historical Journal Vol 26
• Dictionary of National Biography 17th Century
• Edward Peacock, Army Lists, 1642
• Tudor and Stuart muster lists Doc 1
• Dockets of letters patent 1642–1646
• King's privy counsel letters 1640–1690

Court offices
New title	Master of the Hawks 1660–1675	Succeeded by Charles Beauclerk
Parliament of England
Preceded by Sir Philip Wodehouse, Bt. and Robert Paston	Member of Parliament for Thetford 1661–1679 With: William Gawdy 1661–69, Sir Joseph Williamson from 1669	Succeeded by Sir Joseph Williamson and William Harbord