Alès

Alès (French pronunciation: ​[a.lɛs]; Occitan: Alès) is a commune in the Gard department in the Occitanie region in southern France. It is one of the sub-prefectures of the department. It was formerly known as Alais.

"Alais" redirects here. For the Alais meteorite of 1806, see Meteorite falls. For people named Alais, see Alais (surname).
Alès
Subprefecture and commune
Coat of arms
Location of Alès
Alès
Alès
Coordinates: 44°07′41″N 4°04′54″E
CountryFrance
RegionOccitanie
DepartmentGard
ArrondissementAlès
CantonAlès-1
Alès-2
Alès-3
IntercommunalityAlès Agglomération
Government
 • Mayor (2020-2026) Max Roustan
Area
1
23.16 km2 (8.94 sq mi)
Population
 (2017-01-01)[1]
40,219
 • Density1,700/km2 (4,500/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
INSEE/Postal code
30007 /30100
Elevation116–356 m (381–1,168 ft)
(avg. 150 m or 490 ft)
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

Geography

Alès lies 40 kilometres (25 miles) north-northwest of Nîmes, on the left bank of the Gardon River, which half surrounds it. It is located at the foot of the Cévennes, near the Cévennes National Park.

History
Fountain

Alès may be the modern successor of Arisitum, where, in about 570, Sigebert, King of Austrasia, created a bishopric. In his campaign against the Visigoths, the Merovingian king Theudebert I (533–548) conquered part of the territory of the Diocese of Nîmes. His later successor Sigebert set up the new diocese, comprising fifteen parishes in the area controlled by the Franks, which included a number of towns to the north of the Cevenne: Alès, Le Vigan, Arre, Arrigas, Meyrueis, Saint-Jean-du-Gard, Anduze, and Vissec. The diocese disappeared in the 8th century with the conquest of the whole of Septimania by the Franks.[2][3] No longer a residential bishopric, Arisitum is today listed by the Catholic Church as a titular see.[4]

After the Edict of Nantes, Alès was one of the places de sûreté given to the Huguenots. Louis XIII took back the town in 1629, and the Peace of Alès, signed on 29 June of that year, suppressed the political privileges of the Protestants, while continuing to guarantee toleration.[5]

At the request of Louis XIV, a see was again created at Alais by Pope Innocent XII, in 1694. The future Cardinal de Bausset, Bossuet's biographer, was Bishop of Alais from 1784 to 1790.[5] It was suppressed after the French Revolution, and its territory was divided between the diocese of Avignon and the diocese of Mende.

Population
Historical population
YearPop.±%
200639,943—    
200740,108+0.4%
200840,520+1.0%
200941,432+2.3%
201041,205−0.5%
201140,851−0.9%
201241,031+0.4%
201340,711−0.8%
201439,993−1.8%
201539,535−1.1%
201639,970+1.1%

Economy

Alès is the center of a mining district and hosts the École des Mines d'Alès.

Historically, according to the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1911):

"The town is one of the most important markets for raw silk and cocoons in the south of France, and the Gardon supplies power to numerous silk-mills. It is also the centre of a mineral field, which yields large quantities of coal, iron, zinc and lead; its blast-furnaces, foundries, glass-works and engineering works afford employment to many workmen."[5]

Personalities
Statue of Pasteur

Pasteur did his research on the silkworm disease (pébrine and flacherie) at Alès, and the town dedicated a bust to his memory. There is also a statue of the chemist J.B. Dumas.[5] Alphonse Daudet wrote his semi-autobiographical novel "Le Petit Chose" while teaching at the Collège of Alès.[6]

Sports

The town has one association football team called Olympique Alès who currently play in the Championnat National.

Former France and Paris Saint-Germain manager Laurent Blanc was also born in Alès.

Morocco and Leganés voetballer Nabil El Zhar was also born in Alès.

Sights

Historically, according to the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition:

"The streets are wide and its promenades and fine plane-trees make the town attractive; but the public buildings, the chief of which are the Saint-Jean-Baptiste cathedral, a heavy building of the 18th century, and the citadel, which serves as barracks and prison, are of small interest."[5]

Alès was the birthplace of:

International relations
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in France

Twin towns — sister cities

Alès is twinned with:[7]

gollark: At least it's better than a government just throwing money at the system to try and give everyone a degree they might not actually *need* in a sensible market which didn't discriminate that way.
gollark: <@!330678593904443393> Somewhat, sure!
gollark: My problem with the whole free-college/university thing (again, see here: https://slatestarcodex.com/2015/06/06/against-tulip-subsidies/) is that it's just propping up what seems to basically just be an expensive and time-consuming signalling scheme at great cost.
gollark: Frequently.
gollark: Er, I was talking about university/college being a nigh-pointless signalling thing.

See also

References
  1. "Populations légales 2017". INSEE. Retrieved 6 January 2020.
  2. Saltet, Louis (1902). L'évêché d'Arisitum. Bulletin de littérature ecclésiastique, publié par l'Institut Catholique de Toulouse (in French). 7–8. pp. 220–231.
  3. Duchesne, Louis (1907). Fastes épiscopaux de l'ancienne Gaule (in French). I. Paris. pp. 316–317.
  4. Annuario Pontificio 2013 (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013 ISBN 978-88-209-9070-1), p. 839
  5. Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Alais" . Encyclopædia Britannica. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 468.
  6. "Alès". Fédération d'Associations Eternel Alphonse Daudet (FederationAlphonseDaudet.fr) (in French). Retrieved 6 August 2020.
  7. "Town twinning". east-ayrshire.gov.uk. East Ayrshire. Retrieved 2019-11-12.
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