Akçe

The akçe (Ottoman Turkish: آقچه‎) (Turkish pronunciation: [aktʃe]) was the chief monetary unit of the Ottoman Empire, a silver coin. Three akçes were equal to one para. One-hundred and twenty akçes equalled one kuruş. Later after 1687 the kuruş became the main unit of account, replacing the akçe. In 1843, the silver kuruş was joined by the gold lira in a bimetallic system.[1] Its weight fluctuated, one source estimates it is between 1.15 and 1.18 grams.[2] The name akçe originally referred to a silver coin but later the meaning changed and it became a synonym for money.

Not to be confused with Aqcha.

Akçe issued by Sultan Osman I

The mint in Novo Brdo, a fortified mining town in the Serbian Despotate rich with gold and silver mines, began to strike akçe in 1441 when it was captured by the Ottoman forces for the first time.[3]

The Suleiman Mosque in Istanbul is said to have cost 59 million akçe when it was constructed in the 1550s. This amount is said to have equalled 700,000 ducats in gold (probably Venetian).

Devaluation

Weight of Akçe in grams of silver and index.[4]

YearSilver (gr.)Index
1450-600.85100
1490-15000.6880
16000.2934
17000.1315
18000.0486
gollark: `term.redirect` returns the terminal it was displaying to before you redirected it, so you do `term.redirect(that)`.
gollark: It's actually my largest and most successful project, too!
gollark: On Switchcraft I actually have a system which detects people complaining about it and logs it to the incident report system as blasphemy.
gollark: > I mean, I don't think that potatOS was a success<@170530017103577089> HERESY!
gollark: <@!222424031368970240> If you're trying to make a sandbox which can't be broken even if you know it's there and are deliberately trying to remove it here are some things to watch out for- `getfenv`- `os.queueEvent` (if you run code which does basically any IO outside of the sandbox/with access to non-sandbox functions)- `debug`- `load` (it has some weird environment quirks)- `io` (due to, again, environment weirdness, depending on how you load the new FS API it might still use the regular one)- potential meddling with global APIs like `string` and/or metatables, to confuse your sandboxing codeand to hide it you probably also want to worry about- `debug`- `string.dump`- `error` (you can generate stack tracebacks in a really convoluted way using it, which could allow detecting the sandbox)- `error` (in some very convoluted way you can generate stack tracebacks using this and thus realize

See also

References
  1. Sevket Pamuk, A Monetary History of the Ottoman Empire, Cambridge University Press, 2000, ISBN 0-521-44197-8
  2. Ermiş, Fatih (2013). A History of Ottoman Economic Thought. p. 23.
  3. Balkan studies. Édition de lA̕cadémie bulgare des sciences. 1988. p. 111. The mint at Novo brdo (in Turkish "Novar"), was the first to start striking Ottoman akçe — as early as 1441, when Murad Il's military commander, the eunuch Sibab ed-Din pasa captured the town, which had the greatest silver deposits and the ...
  4. Malanima, Paolo (2009). Pre-Modern European Economy: One Thousand Years (10th-19th Centuries). BRILL. p. 198. ISBN 9789004178229. Retrieved 19 June 2014.


This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.