9950 ESA

9950 ESA, provisional designation 1990 VB, is an eccentric asteroid and elongated near-Earth object of the Amor group, approximately 1.7 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 8 November 1990, by French astronomer Christian Pollas at the Centre de recherches en géodynamique et astrométrie (Cerga) at Caussols in southeastern France.[3] It was named for the European Space Agency (ESA).[2]

9950 ESA
Animated orbit of 9950 ESA
Discovery [1]
Discovered byC. Pollas
Discovery siteCaussols Obs. (010)
Discovery date8 November 1990
Designations
(9950) ESA
Named after
European Space Agency [2]
1990 VB
NEO · Amor [1][3][4]
Mars-crosser
Orbital characteristics [1]
Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc26.90 yr (9,824 days)
Aphelion3.7367 AU
Perihelion1.1391 AU
2.4379 AU
Eccentricity0.5328
3.81 yr (1,390 days)
17.795°
0° 15m 32.04s / day
Inclination14.597°
253.51°
103.57°
Earth MOID0.2806 AU · 109.3 LD
Physical characteristics
Dimensions1.71 km (calculated)[5]
3 km (estimated)[4]:21
6.707±0.002 h[6][lower-alpha 1]
6.7078±0.0007 h[7]
6.712±0.005 h[8][lower-alpha 2]
0.20 (assumed)[5]
S (assumed)[5]
16.2[1][5]

    Orbit and classification
    Orbit of ESA (blue), the inner planets and Jupiter (outermost)

    ESA is an Amor asteroid – a subgroup of near-Earth asteroids that approach the orbit of Earth from beyond, but do not cross it. It orbits the Sun at a distance of 1.1–3.7 AU once every 3 years and 10 months (1,390 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.53 and an inclination of 15° with respect to the ecliptic.[1] The body's observation arc begins with its official discovery observation at Caussols in November 1990.[3]

    Close approaches

    ESA has an Earth minimum orbit intersection distance of 0.2806 AU (42,000,000 km), which corresponds to 109.3 lunar distances. It approached the Earth at 0.393 AU on 18 October 1990, three weeks prior to its discovery, and made two more close approaches in August and September 2013, respectively. Its next close encounter with Earth will be in October 2032, at distance of 0.3043 AU (45,500,000 km).[1]

    The eccentric asteroid is also a Mars-crosser. In March 1987, it approached the Red Planet at 0.0990 AU (14,800,000 km).[1]

    Physical characteristics

    ESA is an assumed stony S-type asteroid.[5]

    Rotation period

    In 2013, three rotational lightcurves of ESA were obtained from photometric observations by the EURONEAR Lightcurve Survey and by American astronomers Brian Warner and Robert Stephens at the Center for Solar System Studies (U81/U82). Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period between 6.707 and 6.712 hours with a brightness variation of 0.44 to 0.89 magnitude (U=3/3/3-).[6][7][8][lower-alpha 1][lower-alpha 2] A high brightness amplitude typically indicates that the body's shape is irregular and elongated, rather than spherical.

    Diameter and albedo

    In the early 1990s, David Tholen at the Institute for Astronomy of the University of Hawaii estimated a diameter of 3 kilometers for ESA.[4]:21 The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for stony asteroids of 0.20 and calculates a diameter of 1.71 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 16.2.[5]

    Naming

    This minor planet was named after the European Space Agency (ESA), which formed in 1974. The name was suggested by French astronomer Jean Louis Heudier, after whom the asteroid 4602 Heudier was named.[2] The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 15 December 2005 (M.P.C. 55720).[9]

    Notes
    1. Stephens (2013) lightcurve plot of (9950) ESA rotation period 6.707±0.002 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.44±0.02 mag. Quality code: 3. Summary figures at the Center for Solar System Studies and at the LCDB
    2. Warner (2013) lightcurve plot of (9950) ESA rotation period 6.712±0.005 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.56±0.03 mag. Quality code: 3. Summary figures at the Center for Solar System Studies and at the LCDB
    gollark: Oh yes, how vote manipulation to ask people.
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    gollark: ++delete <@319753218592866315> (vote manipulation)
    gollark: LyricLy, CEASE trying to edit the rules in your favour

    References
    1. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 9950 ESA (1990 VB)" (2017-10-01 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 6 October 2017.
    2. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2006). "(9950) Esa [2.44, 0.53, 14.6]". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (9950) ESA, Addendum to Fifth Edition: 2003–2005. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 49. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-34361-5_388. ISBN 978-3-540-34361-5.
    3. "9950 ESA (1990 VB)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 6 October 2017.
    4. Harris, A. W.; Zappalá, V. (June 1991). "Photoelectric Photometry Opportunities: May–July". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 18.: 20. Bibcode:1991MPBu...18...20H. Retrieved 6 October 2017.
    5. "LCDB Data for (9950) ESA". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 6 October 2017.
    6. Stephens, Robert D. (April 2014). "Asteroids Observed from CS3: 2013 October-December". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 41 (2): 92–95. Bibcode:2014MPBu...41...92S. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 6 October 2017.
    7. Vaduvescu, O.; Macias, A. Aznar; Tudor, V.; Predatu, M.; Galád, A.; Gajdos, S.; et al. (August 2017). "The EURONEAR Lightcurve Survey of Near Earth Asteroids". Earth. 120 (2): 41–100. Bibcode:2017EM&P..120...41V. doi:10.1007/s11038-017-9506-9. hdl:10316/80202. Retrieved 6 October 2017.
    8. Warner, Brian D. (January 2014). "Near-Earth Asteroid Lightcurve Analysis at CS3-Palmer Divide Station: 2013 June-September". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 41 (1): 41–47. Bibcode:2014MPBu...41...41W. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 6 October 2017.
    9. "MPC/MPO/MPS Archive". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 6 October 2017.

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