2S19 Msta

The 2S19 "Msta-S" (Russian: Мста, after the Msta River) is a 152.4 mm self-propelled howitzer designed by Soviet Union, which entered service in 1989 as the successor to the 2S3 Akatsiya. The vehicle is based on the T-80 tank hull, but is powered by the T-72's diesel engine.

2S19 Msta
2S19M2 Msta-S of the Russian Army
TypeSelf-propelled artillery
Place of originSoviet Union/Russia
Service history
In service1989 – present
Used bysee Operators
WarsSecond Chechen War
War in Donbass
Production history
DesignerUraltransmash
Designed1980
ManufacturerUraltransmash
Produced1988
No. built~1,130 (est. 1988-2019, inc. prototypes)[1]
Specifications
Mass42 tonnes (93,000 lb)
Length7.15 m (23 ft 5 in)
Width3.38 m (11 ft 1 in)
Height2.99 m (9 ft 10 in)
Crew5
Elevation-4° to +68°
Traverse360°
Rate of fire2S19: 6-8 rounds per minute 2S19M2: 10 rounds per minute
Maximum firing rangeBase bleed: 25 km (16 mi)
RAP: 28.9 km (18.0 mi)
ArmorClassified
Main
armament
152.4 mm howitzer 2A65
Secondary
armament
12.7 mm NSVT anti-aircraft machine gun
EngineDiesel V-84A
840 hp (630 kW)
Power/weight20 hp/tonne
SuspensionTorsion bar
Operational
range
500 km (310 mi)
Maximum speed 60 km/h (37 mph)

Development

The Msta is a modern howitzer designed for deployment either as an unarmored towed gun, or to be fitted in armored self-propelled artillery mountings. Current production of the towed model is designated Msta-B, while the self-propelled model is the Msta-S (also known by the GRAU index 2S19).

Development of the 2S19 started in 1980 under the project name Ferma. The prototype was known as Ob'yekt 316. The 2S19's standard equipment consists of a semi-automatic laying system 1P22, an automatic loader, an NBC protection system, passive night vision device for the driver, a wading kit, a dozer blade, a smoke generator and 81mm smoke launchers, 1V116 intercom system and a 16 kW generator AP-18D. In 2008 the Russian armed forces ordered an improved model with an automated fire control system.

The 2A64 ordnance of the 2S19 can fire the following types of ammunition, among others: HE (24.7 km), HEAT-FS, HE-BB (28.9 km), HERA (36 km), smoke, chemical, tactical nuclear, illumination and cargo (ICM). The laser-guided round “Krasnopol” (of the 9K25 system) can also be launched, as well as the shorter "Krasnopol-M” which fits into the automatic loader.

Operational use

Msta-S howitzers were used by Russian Army to deliver artillery strikes against Chechen separatists during the Second Chechen War.[2]

Msta-S howitzers have also been used in the War in Donbass by the Ukrainian Army as well as pro-Russian separatists who captured one machine during the conflict.[3]

Operators
Map of 2S19 operators in blue with former operators in red

Current operators

Russia recently offered its Msta-S 155mm Howitzer to foreign countries, particularly in the Middle East. A demonstration was organised by Rosoboronexport in 2020, the country's nodal agency for arms export, for representatives from various Middle Eastern countries. [36]

Former operators

Specifications

Msta-S specifications provided by manufacturer

  • Range:
    • 25 km (15.5 mi) base-bleed
    • 28.9 km (18 mi) rocket-assisted
  • Rate of fire: 6-8 rounds per minute
  • Weapon elevation: -4° to +68°
  • Weapon traverse: 360°
  • Deployment time: 22 minutes
  • Unit of fire: 50 rounds

Variants
  • 152 mm howitzer 2A65 - a towed version of the same gun.
  • 1K17 Szhatie - a "laser tank" armed with a battery of lasers meant to disable optoelectronic systems; uses Msta-S chassis and turret.
  • 2S19M1 (2000) - Improved version with automatic laying system and Glonass.
  • 2S19M2 or 2S33 "Msta-SM2" (2013) - Improved version currently in production equipped with a new automatic fire control system which increases the rate of fire. Digital electronic maps are now available which significantly speeds up the terrain orientation in difficult geographical conditions and allows performing faster and more efficiently firing missions.[37] Russians say that its range is up to 80 km.[38]
  • 2S19M1-155 (2006) - 155mm export version of the 2S19M1, fitted with an L/52 gun with a range of 40+ km. Modernized in 2020.[39]
  • 2S27 "Msta-K" - Wheeled variant (K = kolyosnij), based on a 8x8 truck chassis. There were several different prototypes, including one based on a KrAZ-ChR-3130 and two based on the Ural-5323 (with and without turret).
  • 2S30 "Iset" - Improved version, prototype only.
  • 2S35 "Koalitsiya-SV" - Project for a new artillery system for the Russian land forces (SV = sukhoputniye voyska). Early prototypes consisted of a 2S19 chassis with modified turret, fitted with an over-and-under dual autoloaded 152mm howitzer. Development of this variant was abandoned in favour of an entirely new artillery system using the same designation.[40]

Similar Vehicles
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References
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  2. Pashin, Alexander. "Russian Army Operations and Weaponry During Second Military Campaign in Chechnya". Moscow Defense Review. Archived from the original on January 29, 2009. Retrieved 8 March 2014.
  3. Ferguson, Jonathan; Jenzen-Jones, N.R. (2014). "Raising Red Flags: An Examination of Arms & Munitions in the Ongoing Conflict in Ukraine. (Research Report No. 3)" (PDF). ARES. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 December 2014. Retrieved 4 February 2015.
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