2019 Bolivian Primera División season
The 2019 Bolivian Primera División season, known as the 2019 Copa Tigo season for sponsorship reasons, was the 42nd season of Bolivia's top-flight football league and the second season under División de Fútbol Profesional management. San José were the defending champions, having won the 2018 Clausura tournament.
Season | 2019 |
---|---|
Dates | 19 January – 28 December 2019 |
Champions | Apertura: Bolívar (29th title) Clausura: Jorge Wilstermann (15th title) |
Relegated | Sport Boys (disaffiliated) Destroyers |
Copa Libertadores | Bolívar Jorge Wilstermann The Strongest San José |
Copa Sudamericana | Nacional Potosí Blooming Always Ready Oriente Petrolero |
Matches played | 363 |
Goals scored | 1,205 (3.32 per match) |
Top goalscorer | Apertura: Carlos Saucedo (23 goals) Clausura: Juan Miguel Callejón and Jair Reinoso (19 goals each) |
Biggest home win | San José 7–0 Destroyers (15 September) The Strongest 7–0 Sport Boys (4 December) |
Biggest away win | Guabirá 0–5 Bolívar (14 August) Aurora 1–6 San José (29 September) |
Highest scoring | Nacional Potosí 7–2 Destroyers (15 March) Destroyers 3–6 Bolívar (3 April) Bolívar 6–3 Aurora (1 May) Bolívar 7–2 Guabirá (18 October) |
← 2018 2020 → |
In the Torneo Apertura, Bolívar won their twenty-ninth league title and twenty-third in the professional era, with two matches to spare following a 2–1 victory over Oriente Petrolero on 16 May,[1] while in the Torneo Clausura, Jorge Wilstermann won their fifteenth league title and eighth in the professional era following a 3–1 win against Oriente Petrolero on the last matchday of the tournament on 28 December.[2]
Format
The season was split into a Torneo Apertura and a Torneo Clausura, played in the first and second half of the year, respectively. Both were played under a double round-robin system, with all teams playing each other twice for a total of 26 matches. The teams placed first at the end of each tournament were the champions and earned qualification for the Copa Libertadores group stage. The remaining two Copa Libertadores berths as well as the four Copa Sudamericana ones were awarded through the aggregate table.[3]
Teams
The number of teams for the 2019 season remained the same as the 2018 season. Universitario were relegated to the Copa Simón Bolívar after finishing in last place of the aggregate table in the previous season, and were replaced by Always Ready, the 2018 Copa Simón Bolívar champions, who made their return to the top tier after 28 years.[4]
Team | Manager | Home city | Home stadium | Capacity |
---|---|---|---|---|
Always Ready | La Paz | Municipal de Villa Ingenio | 25,000 | |
Aurora | Cochabamba | Félix Capriles | 32,000 | |
Blooming | Santa Cruz | Ramón Tahuichi Aguilera | 38,000 | |
Bolívar | La Paz | Hernando Siles | 42,000 | |
Destroyers | Santa Cruz | Ramón Tahuichi Aguilera | 38,000 | |
Guabirá | Montero | Gilberto Parada | 13,000 | |
Jorge Wilstermann | Cochabamba | Félix Capriles | 32,000 | |
Nacional Potosí | Potosí | Víctor Agustín Ugarte | 32,105 | |
Oriente Petrolero | Santa Cruz | Ramón Tahuichi Aguilera | 38,000 | |
Real Potosí | Potosí | Víctor Agustín Ugarte | 32,105 | |
Royal Pari | Santa Cruz | Ramón Tahuichi Aguilera | 38,000 | |
San José | Oruro | Jesús Bermúdez | 33,795 | |
Sport Boys | Warnes | Samuel Vaca Jiménez | 9,000 | |
The Strongest | La Paz | Hernando Siles | 42,000 |
Managerial changes
Team | Outgoing manager | Manner of departure | Date of vacancy | Position in table | Incoming manager | Date of appointment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Torneo Apertura | ||||||
Bolívar | End of contract | 19 December 2018[5] | Pre-season | 20 December 2018[6] | ||
Jorge Wilstermann | Resigned | 19 December 2018[7] | 20 December 2018[8] | |||
Oriente Petrolero | End of contract | 19 December 2018[9] | 21 December 2018[10] | |||
Real Potosí | End of caretaker spell | 19 December 2018 | 28 December 2018[11] | |||
Sport Boys | Signed by Bolívar | 19 December 2018[6] | 28 December 2018[12] | |||
The Strongest | End of contract | 19 December 2018[13] | 24 December 2018[14] | |||
Guabirá | Resigned | 20 December 2018[15] | 27 December 2018[16] | |||
Destroyers | Replaced | 7 January 2019 | 7 January 2019[17] | |||
San José | Signed by Bolivia | 14 January 2019[18] | 18 January 2019[19] | |||
End of caretaker spell | 20 January 2019 | 6th | 21 January 2019[20] | |||
Always Ready | Sacked | 30 January 2019[21] | 10th | 31 January 2019[22] | ||
Guabirá | Mutual consent | 1 March 2019[23] | 12th | 9 March 2019[24] | ||
Sport Boys | Sacked | 6 March 2019[25] | 11th | 6 March 2019[25] | ||
San José | 6 March 2019[26] | 6th | 7 March 2019[27] | |||
Real Potosí | 16 March 2019[28] | 10th | 16 March 2019[28] | |||
San José | End of caretaker spell | 17 March 2019[29] | 6th | 18 March 2019[30] | ||
Real Potosí | 20 March 2019 | 11th | 20 March 2019[31] | |||
Aurora | Mutual consent | 7 April 2019[32] | 14th | 8 April 2019[33] | ||
Real Potosí | Sacked | 18 April 2019[34] | 13th | 18 April 2019[34] | ||
Jorge Wilstermann | Mutual consent | 21 April 2019[35] | 6th | 22 April 2019[36] | ||
Torneo Clausura | ||||||
Aurora | End of contract | 22 May 2019[37] | Pre-tournament | 7 June 2019[38] | ||
Jorge Wilstermann | End of caretaker spell | 22 May 2019 | 2 June 2019[39] | |||
Sport Boys | Replaced | 21 June 2019 | 21 June 2019[40] | |||
Oriente Petrolero | Mutual consent | 11 July 2019[41] | 11 July 2019[41] | |||
The Strongest | Sacked | 5 August 2019[42] | 5th | 5 August 2019[43] | ||
Guabirá | 5 August 2019[44] | 14th | 5 August 2019[44] | |||
Real Potosí | 7 August 2019[45] | 11th | 7 August 2019[45] | |||
Royal Pari | Resigned | 19 August 2019[46] | 9th | 19 August 2019[46] | ||
Destroyers | Sacked | 1 September 2019[47] | 13th | 4 September 2019[48] | ||
Royal Pari | End of caretaker spell | 2 September 2019 | 8th | 2 September 2019[49] | ||
Aurora | Sacked | 10 September 2019[50] | 12th | 10 September 2019 | ||
Always Ready | 16 September 2019[51] | 6th | 17 September 2019[52] | |||
Oriente Petrolero | End of caretaker spell | 29 September 2019[53] | 9th | 27 September 2019[54] | ||
Real Potosí | Sacked | 7 October 2019[55] | 13th | 11 October 2019[56] | ||
Sport Boys | Resigned | 13 November 2019[57] | 12th | 25 November 2019[58] | ||
Destroyers | Sacked | 9 December 2019[59] | 13th | 9 December 2019[59] | ||
Aurora | End of caretaker spell | 17 December 2019 | 13th | 17 December 2019[60] | ||
Royal Pari | Mutual consent | 20 December 2019[61] | 9th | 20 December 2019 | ||
Always Ready | End of contract | 21 December 2019[62] | 4th | 23 December 2019[63] |
Torneo Apertura
Standings
Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Bolívar (C) | 26 | 17 | 6 | 3 | 66 | 35 | +31 | 57 | Qualification for Copa Libertadores group stage |
2 | The Strongest | 26 | 16 | 4 | 6 | 55 | 30 | +25 | 52 | |
3 | Nacional Potosí | 26 | 15 | 5 | 6 | 44 | 22 | +22 | 50 | |
4 | Blooming | 26 | 15 | 2 | 9 | 55 | 45 | +10 | 47 | |
5 | San José[lower-alpha 1] | 26 | 12 | 7 | 7 | 55 | 44 | +11 | 40 | |
6 | Jorge Wilstermann | 26 | 12 | 4 | 10 | 44 | 37 | +7 | 40 | |
7 | Oriente Petrolero | 26 | 11 | 4 | 11 | 41 | 43 | −2 | 37 | |
8 | Guabirá | 26 | 8 | 7 | 11 | 31 | 49 | −18 | 31 | |
9 | Always Ready | 26 | 8 | 6 | 12 | 50 | 43 | +7 | 30 | |
10 | Real Potosí | 26 | 7 | 6 | 13 | 41 | 59 | −18 | 27 | |
11 | Royal Pari | 26 | 6 | 7 | 13 | 39 | 55 | −16 | 25 | |
12 | Sport Boys | 26 | 5 | 8 | 13 | 32 | 51 | −19 | 23 | |
13 | Aurora | 26 | 6 | 5 | 15 | 32 | 52 | −20 | 23 | |
14 | Destroyers | 26 | 5 | 7 | 14 | 23 | 43 | −20 | 22 |
Rules for classification: 1) Points, 2) Playoff game (only if needed to decide championship between two teams), 3) Goal difference, 4) Goals for, 5) Away goals for, 6) Drawing of lots.
(C) Champion.
Notes:
- San José were deducted three points as punishment for failing to pay a debt with former player Boris Alfaro on time.[64]
Top goalscorers
Rank | Name | Club | Goals |
---|---|---|---|
1 | San José | 23 | |
2 | The Strongest | 21 | |
3 | Bolívar | 17 | |
4 | Always Ready | 13 | |
Bolívar | |||
6 | Nacional Potosí | 12 | |
Always Ready | |||
8 | Oriente Petrolero | 11 | |
Blooming | |||
The Strongest |
Source: Soccerway
Torneo Clausura
Standings
Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Jorge Wilstermann (C) | 26 | 18 | 6 | 2 | 57 | 21 | +36 | 60 | Qualification for Copa Libertadores group stage |
2 | The Strongest | 26 | 17 | 6 | 3 | 72 | 27 | +45 | 57 | |
3 | Bolívar | 26 | 17 | 5 | 4 | 74 | 34 | +40 | 56 | |
4 | San José[lower-alpha 1] | 26 | 15 | 5 | 6 | 62 | 30 | +32 | 44 | |
5 | Always Ready | 26 | 13 | 5 | 8 | 54 | 39 | +15 | 44 | |
6 | Oriente Petrolero | 26 | 11 | 4 | 11 | 39 | 43 | −4 | 37 | |
7 | Nacional Potosí | 26 | 9 | 7 | 10 | 47 | 44 | +3 | 34 | |
8 | Blooming | 26 | 10 | 3 | 13 | 34 | 55 | −21 | 33 | |
9 | Royal Pari | 26 | 7 | 7 | 12 | 28 | 40 | −12 | 28 | |
10 | Aurora | 26 | 5 | 9 | 12 | 24 | 47 | −23 | 24 | |
11 | Real Potosí | 25 | 6 | 3 | 16 | 35 | 57 | −22 | 21 | |
12 | Guabirá | 26 | 4 | 8 | 14 | 22 | 53 | −31 | 20 | |
13 | Destroyers | 26 | 4 | 5 | 17 | 22 | 66 | −44 | 17 | |
14 | Sport Boys[lower-alpha 2] (D) | 25 | 5 | 7 | 13 | 30 | 42 | −12 | 16 | Excluded from the tournament[lower-alpha 3] |
Rules for classification: 1) Points, 2) Playoff game (only if needed to decide championship between two teams), 3) Goal difference, 4) Goals for, 5) Away goals for, 6) Drawing of lots.
(C) Champion; (D) Disqualified.
Notes:
- San José were deducted three points as punishment for failing to pay a debt with former player Jair Reinoso, and an additional three points for outstanding debts with former players.[65][66]
- Sport Boys were deducted six points for outstanding debts with former players.[65][66]
- Sport Boys were excluded from the Torneo Clausura and disaffiliated from the league per ruling from the FBF's Tribunal de Disciplina Deportiva (TDD) after they failed to show up for their last Torneo Clausura match against Real Potosí.[67]
Results
- The Real Potosí vs. Sport Boys match, originally scheduled on 28 December at 16:00, was not played as the away team failed to show up at the stadium. After a 10-minute wait, as indicated by tournament regulations, the referee officially declared the match as suspended.[68]
División de Fútbol Profesional 2019 Torneo Clausura Champions |
---|
Jorge Wilstermann 15th domestic title |
Top goalscorers
Rank | Name | Club | Goals |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Bolívar | 19 | |
The Strongest | |||
3 | Jorge Wilstermann | 18 | |
San José | |||
5 | Always Ready | 13 | |
Nacional Potosí | |||
The Strongest | |||
8 | Bolívar | 12 | |
9 | Bolívar | 11 | |
Royal Pari |
Source: Soccerway
Aggregate table
Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Bolívar (C) | 52 | 34 | 11 | 7 | 140 | 69 | +71 | 113 | Qualification for Copa Libertadores group stage |
2 | The Strongest | 52 | 33 | 10 | 9 | 127 | 57 | +70 | 109 | Qualification for Copa Libertadores second stage |
3 | Jorge Wilstermann (C) | 52 | 30 | 10 | 12 | 101 | 58 | +43 | 100 | Qualification for Copa Libertadores group stage |
4 | San José[lower-alpha 1] | 52 | 27 | 12 | 13 | 117 | 74 | +43 | 84 | Qualification for Copa Libertadores first stage |
5 | Nacional Potosí | 52 | 24 | 12 | 16 | 91 | 66 | +25 | 84 | Qualification for Copa Sudamericana first stage |
6 | Blooming | 52 | 25 | 5 | 22 | 89 | 100 | −11 | 80 | |
7 | Always Ready | 52 | 21 | 11 | 20 | 104 | 83 | +21 | 74 | |
8 | Oriente Petrolero | 52 | 22 | 8 | 22 | 80 | 86 | −6 | 74 | |
9 | Royal Pari | 52 | 13 | 14 | 25 | 67 | 95 | −28 | 53 | |
10 | Guabirá | 52 | 12 | 15 | 25 | 53 | 102 | −49 | 51 | |
11 | Real Potosí | 51 | 13 | 9 | 29 | 76 | 116 | −40 | 48 | |
12 | Aurora | 52 | 11 | 14 | 27 | 56 | 99 | −43 | 47 | |
13 | Sport Boys[lower-alpha 2] (D, R) | 51 | 10 | 15 | 26 | 62 | 93 | −31 | 39 | Disaffiliated from the league[lower-alpha 3] |
14 | Destroyers (R) | 52 | 9 | 12 | 31 | 45 | 109 | −64 | 39 | Relegation to Copa Simón Bolívar |
Rules for classification: 1) Points, 2) Playoff game (only if needed to decide relegation between two teams), 3) Goal difference, 4) Goals for, 5) Away goals for, 6) Drawing of lots.
(C) Champion; (D) Disqualified; (R) Relegated.
Notes:
- San José were deducted three points as punishment for failing to pay a debt with former player Boris Alfaro on time,[64] an additional three points as punishment for failing to pay a debt with former player Jair Reinoso, and an additional three points for outstanding debts with former players.[65][66]
- Sport Boys were deducted six points for outstanding debts with former players.[65][66]
- Sport Boys were excluded from the Torneo Clausura and disaffiliated from the league per ruling from the FBF's Tribunal de Disciplina Deportiva (TDD) after they failed to show up for their last Torneo Clausura match against Real Potosí.[67]
Relegation/promotion playoff
The relegation playoff would have been played by Sport Boys, as the team placed 13th in the 2019 División Profesional aggregate table, and Real Santa Cruz, who were the 2019 Copa Simón Bolívar runners-up, with the winners playing in the top flight for the 2020 season. However, considering Sport Boys's disaffiliation from the league as well as Destroyers's relegation as the bottom-placed team in the aggregate table, and with the late conclusion of the 2019 season which made infeasible playing the playoff in early January 2020, the FBF decided on 5 January 2020 that Real Santa Cruz would be promoted for the next season as Copa Simón Bolívar runners-up.[69]
References
- "Bolívar se coronó campeón del Apertura tras ganarle a Oriente por 1-2" (in Spanish). diez.bo. 16 May 2019.
- "Wilstermann, campeón del Clausura 2019" (in Spanish). El Deber. 28 December 2019.
- "Premios solo para el campeón y lo demás a la tabla acumulada" (in Spanish). diez.bo. 14 December 2018.
- "Always Ready, a Primera División tras 28 años" (in Spanish). Diario Opinión. 19 December 2018.
- "Alfredo Arias se despide y pide unión entre dirigentes e hinchas" (in Spanish). El Diario. 20 December 2018.
- "Vigevani es el nuevo DT del club Bolívar" (in Spanish). La Razón. 20 December 2018.
- "Álvaro Peña dejará Wilstermann al final de la temporada" (in Spanish). La Razón. 30 November 2018.
- "Portugal tomó el mando de Wilstermann pensando en la Libertadores" (in Spanish). Goal.com. 20 December 2018.
- "Arana feliz por cumplir su objetivo como entrenador de Oriente" (in Spanish). Late Deportes. 20 November 2018.
- "Soria asume Oriente y apunta a darle un estilo fiel al estilo de su historia" (in Spanish). diez.bo. 21 December 2018.
- "Ochoaizpur vuelve a Real Potosí" (in Spanish). Late Deportes. 29 December 2018.
- "El 'Gato' Leeb retorna a Sport Boys" (in Spanish). El Mundo. 29 December 2018.
- "Farías se fue del país ¿cerrando las puertas?" (in Spanish). Late Deportes. 23 December 2018.
- "¡Ya es oficial! Escobar dirigirá al Tigre" (in Spanish). Late Deportes. 24 December 2018.
- "Antelo decide irse de Guabirá" (in Spanish). Goal.com. 20 December 2018.
- "Ronald Arana es el nuevo director técnico de Guabirá" (in Spanish). diez.bo. 27 December 2018.
- "Destroyers presentó a Evandro Guimaraes como entrenador" (in Spanish). diez.bo. 7 January 2019.
- "Eduardo Villegas es el nuevo entrenador oficial de la selección boliviana" (in Spanish). diez.bo. 14 January 2019.
- "San José debutará en el Apertura con DT interino" (in Spanish). diez.bo. 18 January 2019.
- "Clausen el elegido" (in Spanish). Late Deportes. 20 January 2019.
- "Always Ready cesa a De la Torre; Baldivieso cerca de dirigir al 'millonario'" (in Spanish). La Razón. 30 January 2019.
- "Un ilusionado Baldivieso fue presentado en Always Ready" (in Spanish). diez.bo. 31 January 2019.
- "DT Arana rescinde de mutuo acuerdo con Guabirá" (in Spanish). diez.bo. 1 March 2019.
- "El uruguayo Eduardo Espinel es el nuevo técnico de Guabirá" (in Spanish). diez.bo. 9 March 2019.
- "Christian Lovrincevich será presentado como DT en Sport Boys" (in Spanish). diez.bo. 6 March 2019.
- "San José oficializó la salida del técnico Clausen" (in Spanish). diez.bo. 6 March 2019.
- "William Ramallo asume de manera interina el mando de San José" (in Spanish). Los Tiempos. 7 March 2019.
- "Ochoaizpur deja Real Potosí" (in Spanish). Late Deportes. 16 March 2019.
- "Ramallo termina su interinato el domingo ante Guabirá" (in Spanish). diez.bo. 16 March 2019.
- "Ponce es el nuevo DT de San José" (in Spanish). Late Deportes. 18 March 2019.
- "Cabrera es oficializado como nuevo técnico en Real Potosí" (in Spanish). diez.bo. 20 March 2019.
- "Aurora rescinde contrato con el técnico Marcos Ferrufino" (in Spanish). Los Tiempos. 7 April 2019.
- "Thiago Leitao asume el mando de Aurora" (in Spanish). Los Tiempos. 8 April 2019.
- "Real Potosí cambia a su segundo técnico en menos de un mes" (in Spanish). diez.bo. 18 April 2019.
- "Wilstermann rescindió contrato con el técnico Miguel Ángel Portugal" (in Spanish). diez.bo. 22 April 2019.
- "Kekez asume la dirección de Wilster hasta el final del torneo" (in Spanish). Los Tiempos. 22 April 2019.
- "Aurora buscará retener al DT Leitao para el Clausura" (in Spanish). diez.bo. 28 May 2019. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
- "DT Fuentes: "El objetivo es la permanencia de Aurora"" (in Spanish). diez.bo. 7 June 2019.
- "El argentino Cristian Leonel Díaz es el nuevo DT de Wilstermann" (in Spanish). diez.bo. 2 June 2019.
- "'Tucho' Antelo vuelve a Sport Boys después de cuatro años" (in Spanish). diez.bo. 21 June 2019.
- "Mauricio Soria deja de ser DT de Oriente Petrolero" (in Spanish). Los Tiempos. 11 July 2019.
- "The Strongest oficializó la salida del técnico Pablo Escobar" (in Spanish). diez.bo. 5 August 2019.
- "Quispe: Soria es el nuevo DT de The Strongest y dirigirá el miércoles frente a Sport Boys" (in Spanish). La Razón. 5 August 2019.
- "Guabirá: Espinel no va más y Andrada asume como técnico" (in Spanish). diez.bo. 5 August 2019.
- "Espada ya no es técnico de Real Potosí" (in Spanish). Late Deportes. 7 August 2019.
- "Mosquera da un paso al costado en Royal Pari" (in Spanish). La Razón. 19 August 2019.
- "Evandro Guimaraes dejó de ser técnico de Destroyers" (in Spanish). diez.bo. 30 August 2019.
- "Carlos Leeb asumió en Destroyers con el objetivo de mantenerlo en primera" (in Spanish). diez.bo. 4 September 2019.
- "Royal Pari presentó a Maturana, el técnico más exitoso de Colombia" (in Spanish). diez.bo. 2 September 2019.
- "Fuentes se va y Da Silva queda como DT interino en Aurora" (in Spanish). diez.bo. 10 September 2019.
- "Always pone fin a la 'era Baldivieso'" (in Spanish). La Razón. 17 September 2019.
- "Always trae al chileno Sebastián Núñez, exayudante de Vigevani" (in Spanish). Página Siete. 18 September 2019.
- "Oriente buscará un triunfo en la despedida de Marín Camacho" (in Spanish). diez.bo. 29 September 2019.
- "Oriente contrata a 'Vitamina' Sánchez para salvar una mala temporada" (in Spanish). diez.bo. 27 September 2019.
- "Nicolas Súarez dejó de ser DT del Lila" (in Spanish). Late Deportes. 9 October 2019.
- "Ferrufino toma las riendas de Real Potosí" (in Spanish). La Razón. 11 October 2019.
- "Tucho renunció como técnico de Sport Boys" (in Spanish). Correo del Sur. 14 November 2019.
- "Mauro Blanco dirigirá gratis a Sport Boys" (in Spanish). Deporte Total. 25 November 2019.
- "Destroyer's despide a Leeb y recibe a 'Tucho' Antelo" (in Spanish). Deporte Total. 9 December 2019.
- "Francisco Argüello es el nuevo técnico de Aurora" (in Spanish). Late Deportes. 17 December 2019.
- "Maturana no va más como DT de Royal Pari" (in Spanish). El Deber. 20 December 2019.
- "Sebastián Núñez se despedirá en El Alto" (in Spanish). Late Deportes. 20 December 2019.
- "Always inicia la transición: de Núñez a Villegas" (in Spanish). La Razón. 24 December 2019.
- "Mira qué equipo perdió puntos en el fútbol boliviano" (in Spanish). diez.bo. 2 May 2019.
- "Comisión Técnica oficializa la quita de puntos a Sport Boys y a San José" (in Spanish). diez.bo. 17 July 2019.
- "Pierden puntos por demandas" (in Spanish). Correo del Sur. 16 November 2019.
- "Oficial: Sport Boys pierde su "afiliación" a la División Profesional" (in Spanish). El Deber. 30 December 2019.
- "Sport Boys no se presenta en Potosí y se complica solo" (in Spanish). Los Tiempos. 28 December 2019.
- "FBF determina descenso de Destroyers y ascenso de Real Santa Cruz" (in Spanish). Los Tiempos. 5 January 2020.