1990 Peruvian general election
General elections were held in Peru on 8 April 1990, with a second round of the presidential elections on 10 June.[1] The run-off was between favorite, novelist Mario Vargas Llosa leading a coalition of economically liberal parties collectively known as the Democratic Front and political underdog Alberto Fujimori of the populist and more moderate Cambio 90. Vargas Llosa won the first round with a small plurality, but alienated much of the electorate with a comprehensive privatisation agenda, bolstering the allegedly unelectable Fujimori. Fujimori eventually won a landslide victory and would remain president for ten years until he was ousted in 2000.
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| This article is part of a series on the politics and government of Peru |
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Results
President
| Candidate | Party | First round | Second round | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | Votes | % | ||
| Mario Vargas Llosa | Democratic Front | 2,163,323 | 32.6 | 2,708,291 | 37.6 |
| Alberto Fujimori | Change 90 | 1,932,208 | 29.1 | 4,478,897 | 62.4 |
| Luis Alva Castro | American Popular Revolutionary Alliance | 1,494,231 | 22.5 | ||
| Henry Pease | United Left | 544,889 | 8.2 | ||
| Alfonso Barrantes Lingán | Socialist Left | 315,038 | 4.7 | ||
| Roger Cáceres Velásquez | National Front of Workers and Peasants | 86,418 | 1.3 | ||
| Ezequiel Atacusi Gamonal | Agricultural People's Front of Peru | 73,974 | 1.1 | ||
| Dora Larrea del Castillo | Odriíst National Union | 21,962 | 0.3 | ||
| Nicolás de Pierola Balta | Democratic Union | 9,541 | 0.1 | ||
| Invalid/blank votes | 1,195,532 | – | 760,044 | – | |
| Total | 7,837,116 | 100 | 7,958,232 | 100 | |
| Registered voters/turnout | 10,013,225 | 78.3 | 10,007,614 | 79.5 | |
| Source: Nohlen | |||||
Chamber of Deputies
| Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic Front | 1,492,513 | 30.1 | 62 | +40 | |
| American Popular Revolutionary Alliance | 1,240,395 | 25.0 | 53 | –54 | |
| Cambio 90 | 819,527 | 16.5 | 32 | New | |
| United Left | 497,764 | 10.0 | 16 | –32 | |
| Independent Moralizing Front | 7 | New | |||
| Socialist Left | 264,147 | 5.3 | 4 | New | |
| National Front of Workers and Peasants | 124,544 | 2.5 | 3 | +2 | |
| Agricultural People's Front of Peru | 62,955 | 1.3 | 0 | New | |
| Independent Civic Union | 41,210 | 0.8 | 0 | New | |
| Movimento Regionalista Loreto | 23,836 | 0.5 | 0 | New | |
| Frente Tacneñista | 18,035 | 0.4 | 0 | New | |
| Movimiento Independiente en Acción | 14,547 | 0.3 | 0 | New | |
| Odriíst National Union | 10,788 | 0.2 | 0 | New | |
| Democratic Union | 7,762 | 0.2 | 0 | New | |
| Hayist Bases Movement | 5,047 | 0.1 | 0 | New | |
| Somos Libres | 2,232 | 0.0 | 0 | New | |
| Independents | 336,168 | 6.8 | 3 | +1 | |
| Invalid/blank votes | 1,857,066 | – | – | – | |
| Total | 6,818,536 | 100 | 180 | 0 | |
| Registered voters/turnout | 10,012,325 | 68.1 | – | – | |
| Source: Nohlen | |||||
Results by constituency
| Constituency | Total seats | FREDEMO | APRA | United Left | Cambio 90 | Others |
| Amazonas | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Ancash | 9 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 0 |
| Apurimac | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Arequipa | 9 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
| Ayacucho | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Cajamarca | 10 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Callao | 7 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Cusco | 8 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 0 |
| Huancavelica | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Huanuco | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Ica | 6 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Junin | 10 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
| La Libertad | 11 | 2 | 8 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Lambayeque | 8 | 3 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Lima 1 | 9 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 |
| Lima 2 | 40 | 14 | 6 | 2 | 9 | 9 |
| Loreto | 5 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Madre De Dios | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Moquegua | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Pasco | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Piura | 11 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Puno | 8 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 |
| San Martin | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Tacna | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Tumbes | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Ucayali | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Source: Constituency Level Elections Archive[2] | ||||||
Senate
| Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic Front | 1,791,077 | 32.3 | 19 | +6 |
| American Popular Revolutionary Alliance | 1,390,954 | 25.1 | 16 | –14 |
| Cambio 90 | 1,240,132 | 21.7 | 14 | New |
| United Left | 542,049 | 9.8 | 6 | –9 |
| Socialist Left | 303,216 | 5.5 | 3 | New |
| National Front of Workers and Peasants | 112,388 | 2.0 | 1 | 0 |
| Agricultural People's Front of Peru | 63,879 | 1.2 | 0 | New |
| Independent Civic Union | 45,171 | 0.8 | 0 | New |
| Somos Libres | 30,671 | 0.6 | 0 | New |
| Odriíst National Union | 16,479 | 0.3 | 0 | –1 |
| Hayist Bases Movement | 13,616 | 0.2 | 0 | New |
| FIR | 9,065 | 0.2 | 0 | New |
| Democratic Union | 8,041 | 0.1 | 0 | New |
| National Co-operation | 4,002 | 0.1 | 0 | New |
| Movimiento Independiente Solidaridad | 3,142 | 0.1 | 0 | New |
| Confederación Honorifica de Lucha Organizada Independiente | 1,798 | 0.0 | 0 | New |
| Independents | 1 | New | ||
| Former presidents | – | – | 2 | +1 |
| Invalid/blank votes | 1,336,270 | – | – | – |
| Total | 6,875,950 | 100 | 62 | +1 |
| Registered voters/turnout | 10,012,325 | 68.7 | – | – |
| Source: Nohlen | ||||
Footnotes
- Nohlen, D (2005) Elections in the Americas: A data handbook, Volume II, p454 ISBN 978-0-19-928358-3
- Kollman, K., Hicken, A., Caramani, D., Backer, D., & Lublin, D. (2018). Constituency-level elections archive [data file and codebook]. Ann Arbor, MI: Center for Political Studies, University of Michigan [producer and distributor]. Retrieved from http://www.electiondataarchive.org
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