1891 in Brazil

Events in the year 1891 in Brazil.

Incumbents

Federal government

• President: Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca (de facto until 26 February, de jure from 26 February to 23 November), Marshal Floriano Peixoto (starting 23 November)
• Vice-President: Marshal Floriano Peixoto (de jure from 26 February to 23 November), vacant from 23 November

Governors

• Alagoas:
• Amazonas:
• Bahia:
• Ceará:
• Goiás:
• Maranhão:
• Mato Grosso:
• Minas Gerais:
• Pará:
• Paraíba:
• Paraná:
• Pernambuco:
• Piauí:
• Rio Grande do Norte:
• Rio Grande do Sul:
• Santa Catarina:
• São Paulo:
• Sergipe:

Vice governors

• Rio Grande do Norte:
• São Paulo:

Events

• 24 February – A new constitution is adopted by a Constitutional Congress.[1]
• 26 February – Presidential election: De facto President Deodoro da Fonseca is confirmed in post, gaining 55.61% of the vote.
• 3 November – President Fonseca dissolves the National Congress and declares a "state of emergency".
• 23 November
  • President Fonseca resigns from office, handing the position to Floriano Peixoto.[2]
  • Exiled Emperor Pedro II appears at the French Academy of Sciences for the last time to participate in an election.[3][4]
• 3 December – A sudden deterioration is noted in the health of Pedro II.[5]
• 9 December – Despite government repression, a popular gathering in memory of the deceased emperor occurred takes place, organized by the Marquis of Tamandaré, Viscount of Ouro Preto, Viscount of Sinimbu, Baron of Ladário, Carlos de Laet, Alfredo d' Escragnolle Taunay, Rodolfo Dantas, Afonso Celso and Joaquim Nabuco.[6]
• date unknown - The daily newspaper Jornal do Brasil is founded.[7]

Arts and culture

Books

• Adolfo Caminha - A normalista

Births

• 10 April – Zélio Fernandino de Moraes, founder of the Umbanda Branca religion (d. 1975)[8]
• 21 July – Lasar Segall, Jewish painter, engraver and sculptor, died in Lithuania (d. 1957)
• 23 October - Pedro Ludovico, founder of Goiânia (d. 1979)

Deaths

Pedro II in his deathbed, 6 December 1891

• 22 January – Benjamin Constant Botelho de Magalhães, soldier, and politician (b. 1836)
• 5 December – Pedro II of Brazil, exiled Emperor of Brazil (b. 1825)

References

1. "Full text of the Constitution available at". Archived from the original on 2013-08-04. Retrieved 2014-03-28.
2. Charles Willis Simmons, Marshal Deodoro and the fall of Dom Pedro II, 1966
3. Carvalho, José Murilo de (2007). D. Pedro II: ser ou não ser (in Portuguese). São Paulo: Companhia das Letras. ISBN 978-85-359-0969-2.
4. Besouchet, Lídia (1993). Pedro II e o Século XIX (in Portuguese) (2nd ed.). Rio de Janeiro: Nova Fronteira. ISBN 978-85-209-0494-7. p 26
5. Besouchet, Lídia (1993). Pedro II e o Século XIX (in Portuguese) (2nd ed.). Rio de Janeiro: Nova Fronteira. ISBN 978-85-209-0494-7. p 30
6. Calmon, Pedro (1975). História de D. Pedro II. 5 v (in Portuguese). Rio de Janeiro: J. Olympio. P 1907
7. "O adeus ao 'Jornal do Brasil': após 119 anos, um dos diários mais importantes do país deixa de ...", 31 August 2010 (Portuguese) Accessed 28 March 2014
8. Saidenberg, Theresa. "Como surgiu a Umbanda em nosso país: 70° aniversário de uma religião brasileira." Revista Planeta, São Paulo, N. 75, December 1978. p. 34–38.