1504 Lappeenranta

1504 Lappeenranta, provisional designation 1939 FM, is a stony background asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 12 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 23 March 1939, by Finnish astronomer Liisi Oterma at the Iso-Heikkilä Observatory, and named after the city of Lappeenranta in Finland.[14]

1504 Lappeenranta
Discovery [1]
Discovered byL. Oterma
Discovery siteTurku Obs.
Discovery date23 March 1939
Designations
(1504) Lappeenranta
Named after
Lappeenranta [2]
(Finnish city)
1939 FM
main-belt · (inner) [3]
background [4]
Orbital characteristics [1]
Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc78.15 yr (28,544 days)
Aphelion2.7784 AU
Perihelion2.0207 AU
2.3995 AU
Eccentricity0.1579
3.72 yr (1,358 days)
67.942°
0° 15m 54.72s / day
Inclination11.049°
94.866°
51.074°
Physical characteristics
Dimensions11.336±0.149 km[5]
11.931±0.069 km[6]
12.42±0.48 km[7]
12.65 km (derived)[3]
12.70±1.2 km[8]
13.35±2.34 km[9]
8 h (dated)[10]
10.44 h[11]
15.16±0.01 h[12]
15.190±0.009 h[lower-alpha 1]
0.1765 (derived)[3]
0.1939±0.042[8]
0.1997±0.0312[6]
0.213±0.020[7]
0.270±0.034[5]
0.434±0.184[9]
Tholen = S [1][3] · S [13]
B–V = 0.880 [1]
U–B = 0.418 [1]
10.90[9] · 11.47±0.32[13] · 11.88[1][7][8] · 11.99[3][6][11]

    Orbit and classification

    Lappeenranta is a non-family asteroid from the main belt's background population.[4] It orbits the Sun in the inner asteroid belt at a distance of 2.0–2.8 AU once every 3 years and 9 months (1,358 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.16 and an inclination of 11° with respect to the ecliptic.[1] The body's observation arc begins four nights prior to its official discovery observation at Turku.[14]

    Physical characteristics

    In the Tholen classification, Lappeenranta is a common S-type asteroid.[1] Pan-STARRS photometric survey has also characterized it as an S-type.[13]

    Rotation period

    Lappeenranta has an ambiguous rotation period. Recent photometric observations gave a period of 15.16 and 15.190 hours with a brightness variation of 0.09 and 0.22 magnitude, respectively (U=2/2+),[12][lower-alpha 1] while Richard Binzel obtained a period of 10.44 hours and an amplitude of 0.29 magnitude in the mid-1980s (U=2).[11] An alternative period of 8 hours, which was measured by Laurent Bernasconi and Fernand van den Abbeel (2002) as well as by René Roy (2006), has been superseded (U=1/1).[10]

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Lappeenranta measures between 11.336 and 13.35 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.1939 and 0.434.[5][6][7][8][9]

    The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.1765 and a diameter of 12.65 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 11.99.[3]

    Naming

    This minor planet was named after the city of Lappeenranta in southeastern Finland. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 20 February 1976 (M.P.C. 3928).[2][15]

    Notes
    1. Garlitz (2013) web: observations from February 2013 gave a rotation period 15.190±0.009 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.22 mag. Summary figures for (1504) Lappeenranta at LCDB
    gollark: Bitwise NOT flips all the bits, logical NOT just does true → false and vice versa.
    gollark: Have you tried compiling with whatever flag tells it to give you all warnings?
    gollark: ~ is bitwise NOT and not logical NOT, so it might not be valid to use it for this, and by not valid I mean "æÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆææææææææÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆ undefined behaviour" (not really sure, but it might not like having a bool contain 255, and if you were to do ~true that would probably give 254, which is also bad).
    gollark: Why ~ instead of ! for NOTing?
    gollark: Weird. Although that isn't how you spell result, and I question your choice to make gates objects when they're just functions.

    References
    1. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1504 Lappeenranta (1939 FM)" (2017-07-05 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 18 October 2017.
    2. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(1504) Lappeenranta". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1504) Lappeenranta. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 120. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1505. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
    3. "LCDB Data for (1504) Lappeenranta". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 18 October 2017.
    4. "Asteroid 1504 Lappeenranta – Proper Elements". AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
    5. Masiero, Joseph R.; Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Nugent, C. R.; Bauer, J. M.; Stevenson, R.; et al. (August 2014). "Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 791 (2): 11. arXiv:1406.6645. Bibcode:2014ApJ...791..121M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121. Retrieved 18 October 2017.
    6. Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D.; et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 25. arXiv:1109.6407. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...90M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90.
    7. Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. Retrieved 17 October 2019. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
    8. Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System. 12: IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0. Bibcode:2004PDSS...12.....T. Retrieved 22 October 2019.
    9. Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Nugent, C.; et al. (November 2012). "Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 759 (1): 5. arXiv:1209.5794. Bibcode:2012ApJ...759L...8M. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8. Retrieved 18 October 2017.
    10. Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (1504) Lappeenranta". Geneva Observatory. Retrieved 18 October 2017.
    11. Binzel, R. P. (October 1987). "A photoelectric survey of 130 asteroids". Icarus. 72 (1): 135–208. Bibcode:1987Icar...72..135B. doi:10.1016/0019-1035(87)90125-4. ISSN 0019-1035. Retrieved 18 October 2017.
    12. Polakis, Tom; Skiff, Brian A. (October 2017). "Lightcurve Analysis for 341 California, 594 Mireille, 1115 Sabauda 1504 Lappeenranta, and 1926 Demiddelaer". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 44 (4): 299–302. Bibcode:2017MPBu...44..299P. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 18 October 2017.
    13. Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce; et al. (November 2015). "Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results". Icarus. 261: 34–47. arXiv:1506.00762. Bibcode:2015Icar..261...34V. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007. Retrieved 18 October 2017.
    14. "1504 Lappeenranta (1939 FM)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 18 October 2017.
    15. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2009). "Appendix – Publication Dates of the MPCs". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – Addendum to Fifth Edition (2006–2008). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 221. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-01965-4. ISBN 978-3-642-01964-7.

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