1503 Kuopio

1503 Kuopio, provisional designation 1938 XD, is a stony Eunomian asteroid from the central region of the asteroid belt, approximately 19 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 15 December 1938, by astronomer Yrjö Väisälä at the Turku Observatory in Southwest Finland.[13] The asteroid was named for the Finnish town of Kuopio.[2]

1503 Kuopio
Lightcurve-based 3D-model of Kuopio
Discovery [1]
Discovered byY. Väisälä
Discovery siteTurku Obs.
Discovery date15 December 1938
Designations
(1503) Kuopio
Named after
Kuopio (Finnish town)[2]
1938 XD · 1935 EF
1953 LH
main-belt · (middle)
Eunomia [3][4]
Orbital characteristics [1]
Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc82.34 yr (30,075 days)
Aphelion2.8995 AU
Perihelion2.3499 AU
2.6247 AU
Eccentricity0.1047
4.25 yr (1,553 days)
154.93°
0° 13m 54.48s / day
Inclination12.369°
316.98°
177.92°
Physical characteristics
Dimensions18.43±1.5 km[5]
18.54 km (derived)[3]
22.33±0.34 km[6]
22.985±0.964 km[7]
9.577±0.0004 h[8]
9.957±0.006 h[8]
9.9586±0.0005 h[9][10]
9.96±0.05 h[8]
9.98 h[11]
0.223±0.008[6]
0.2995±0.056[5]
0.3243 (derived)[3]
0.399±0.262[7][7]
S [3]
9.81[7] · 10.5[1][3] · 10.60[5][6] · 10.65±0.69[12]

    Orbit and classification

    Kuopio is a member of the Eunomia family (502), a prominent family of stony S-type asteroid and the largest one in the intermediate main belt with more than 5,000 members.[3][4][14]:23 It orbits the Sun at a distance of 2.3–2.9 AU once every 4 years and 3 months (1,553 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.10 and an inclination of 12° with respect to the ecliptic.[1]

    The body's observation arc begins with its first identification as 1935 EF at Yerkes Observatory in March 1935, more than 3 years prior to its official discovery observation at Turku.[13]

    Physical characteristics

    Rotation period

    Several rotational lightcurves of Kuopio were obtained from photometric observations since 2001. Analysis of these lightcurves gave a rotation period between 9.577 and 9.98 hours with a brightness variation of 0.01 to 0.05 magnitude (U=3/3/2/2/3).[8][11]

    Poles

    In 2011 and 2013, a modeled lightcurve using data from the Uppsala Asteroid Photometric Catalogue (UAPC) and other sources was published. In both studies, the modeled lightcurve gave a concurring period 9.9586 hours. The 2013-publication also determined two spin axis of (170.0°, −86.0°) and (27.0°, −61.0°) in ecliptic coordinates (λ, β) (U=n.a.).[9][10]

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Kuopio measures between 18.43 and 22.99 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.223 and 0.399.[5][6][7]

    The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.3243 and a diameter of 18.54 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 10.5.[3]

    Naming

    This minor planet was named after the town of Kuopio in central Finland.[2] The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 20 February 1976 (M.P.C. 3928).[15]

    gollark: It seems to still be 14nm. Great job, Intel!
    gollark: Maybe they worked out how to turn of access to it.
    gollark: I am very much not knowledgeable about MacOS and however Macs boot.
    gollark: Just avoid doing any bad things!
    gollark: Assuming this "single user mode" gives root access, which it sounds like it does based on interweb.

    References
    1. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1503 Kuopio (1938 XD)" (2017-07-04 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
    2. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(1503) Kuopio". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1503) Kuopio. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 120. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1504. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
    3. "LCDB Data for (1503) Kuopio". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 8 September 2017.
    4. "Asteroid 1503 Kuopio – Nesvorny HCM Asteroid Families V3.0". Small Bodies Data Ferret. Retrieved 31 October 2019.
    5. Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System – IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0. Bibcode:2004PDSS...12.....T. Retrieved 17 October 2019.
    6. Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. Retrieved 17 October 2019. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
    7. Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Nugent, C.; et al. (November 2012). "Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 759 (1): 5. arXiv:1209.5794. Bibcode:2012ApJ...759L...8M. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
    8. Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (1503) Kuopio". Geneva Observatory. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
    9. Hanus, J.; Durech, J.; Broz, M.; Warner, B. D.; Pilcher, F.; Stephens, R.; et al. (June 2011). "A study of asteroid pole-latitude distribution based on an extended set of shape models derived by the lightcurve inversion method". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 530: 16. arXiv:1104.4114. Bibcode:2011A&A...530A.134H. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201116738. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
    10. Hanus, J.; Broz, M.; Durech, J.; Warner, B. D.; Brinsfield, J.; Durkee, R.; et al. (November 2013). "An anisotropic distribution of spin vectors in asteroid families". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 559: 19. arXiv:1309.4296. Bibcode:2013A&A...559A.134H. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201321993. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
    11. Székely, P.; Kiss, L. L.; Szabó, Gy. M.; Sárneczky, K.; Csák, B.; Váradi, M.; et al. (August 2005). "CCD photometry of 23 minor planets". Planetary and Space Science. 53 (9): 925–936. arXiv:astro-ph/0504462. Bibcode:2005P&SS...53..925S. doi:10.1016/j.pss.2005.04.006. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
    12. Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce; et al. (November 2015). "Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results". Icarus. 261: 34–47. arXiv:1506.00762. Bibcode:2015Icar..261...34V. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
    13. "1503 Kuopio (1938 XD)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
    14. Nesvorný, D.; Broz, M.; Carruba, V. (December 2014). Identification and Dynamical Properties of Asteroid Families. Asteroids IV. pp. 297–321. arXiv:1502.01628. Bibcode:2015aste.book..297N. doi:10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816532131-ch016. ISBN 9780816532131.
    15. Schmadel, Lutz D. "Appendix – Publication Dates of the MPCs". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – Addendum to Fifth Edition (2006–2008). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 221. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-01965-4. ISBN 978-3-642-01964-7.

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