1100 Arnica

1100 Arnica /ˈɑːrnɪkə/, provisional designation 1928 SD, is a Koronian asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 17 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered by Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg Observatory in 1928 and named after the herbaceous plant Arnica (aster; daisy). The asteroid is likely of stony composition and has a rotation period of 14.535 hours.

1100 Arnica
Discovery [1]
Discovered byK. Reinmuth
Discovery siteHeidelberg Obs.
Discovery date22 September 1928
Designations
(1100) Arnica
Pronunciation/ˈɑːrnɪkə/[2]
Named after
Arnica (flowering plant)[3]
1928 SD · 1950 BU
1976 MK · 1979 HE
A904 XA · A918 RD
main-belt · (outer)
Koronis [4][5]
Orbital characteristics [1]
Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc99.19 yr (36,230 days)
Aphelion3.0985 AU
Perihelion2.6991 AU
2.8988 AU
Eccentricity0.0689
4.94 yr (1,803 days)
47.143°
0° 11m 58.92s / day
Inclination1.0342°
304.12°
24.241°
Physical characteristics
Dimensions16.894±0.243 km[6]
17.234±0.122 km[7]
17.92 km (calculated)[4]
14.535±0.005 h[8]
14.55±0.220 h[9]
14.58±0.05 h[10]
0.2389±0.0375[7]
0.24 (assumed)[4]
0.246±0.031[6]
S (assumed)[4]
10.390±0.110 (R)[9] · 10.77±0.03[8] · 10.9[1][4] · 11.0[7]

    Discovery

    Arnica was first observed as A904 XA at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory in December 1904. It was officially discovered on 22 September 1928, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at Heidelberg in southwest Germany.[11] On 14 October 1928, it was independently discovered by astronomers Friedrich Schwassmann and Arthur Wachmann at the Bergedorf Observatory in Hamburg.[3] The Minor Planet Center does not recognize these independent discoverers.[11]

    Orbit and classification

    Arnica is a member of the Koronis family (605),[4][5] an outer belt asteroid family with nearly co-planar ecliptical orbits. The family consist of nearly 6,000 known members and is named after its parent body 158 Koronis.[12]:23

    It orbits the Sun in the outer asteroid belt at a distance of 2.7–3.1 AU once every 4 years and 11 months (1,803 days; semi-major axis of 2.90 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.07 and an inclination of 1° with respect to the ecliptic.[1] The body's observation arc begins at Heidelberg in October 1918, almost 10 years prior to its official discovery observation.[11]

    Close asteroid approaches

    Arnica occasionally makes close approaches to other main-belt asteroids. It will pass close to 88 Thisbe three times before the year 2200. On 21 February 2043, Arnica will be 0.0487 AU (7,290,000 km) from Thisbe. On 31 March 2112, it will be 0.0432 AU (6,460,000 km) from Thisbe. Its closest approach to Thisbe will occur on 17 May 2181, when its distance to Thisbe will be 0.0277 AU (4,140,000 km). It will also approach 7 Iris and 16 Psyche, coming within 0.0117 AU (1,750,000 km) and 0.0369 AU (5,520,000 km) on 28 November 2104 and 16 July 2199, respectively.[1]

    Physical characteristics

    Arnica is an assumed stony S-type asteroid,[4] which is also the overall spectral type for members of the Koronis family.[12]:23

    Rotation period

    Several rotational lightcurves of Arnica have been obtained from photometric observations since 2003.[8][9][10] Analysis of the best-rated lightcurve gave a rotation period of 14.535 hours with a consolidated brightness amplitude between 0.09 and 0.28 magnitude (U=3).[4][8]

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Arnica measures 16.894 and 17.234 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.246 and 0.2389, respectively.[6][7] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a stony standard albedo for Koronian asteroids of 0.24 and calculates a diameter of 17.92 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 10.9.[4]

    Naming

    This minor planet was named after Arnica, a genus of flowering plants in the sunflower family (aster, daisy, composite). The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 103).[3]

    Reinmuth's flowers

    Due to his many discoveries, Karl Reinmuth submitted a large list of 66 newly named asteroids in the early 1930s. The list covered his discoveries with numbers between (1009) and (1200). This list also contained a sequence of 28 asteroids, starting with 1054 Forsytia, that were all named after plants, in particular flowering plants (also see list of minor planets named after animals and plants).[13]

    gollark: Check the spec/
    gollark: You are so holonomic.
    gollark: Homework?
    gollark: The letter 3 is correct.
    gollark: In that page.

    References
    1. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1100 Arnica (1928 SD)" (2017-11-25 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 11 January 2018.
    2. "artica". Oxford English Dictionary (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. September 2005. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
    3. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1100) Arnica. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 93. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1101. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
    4. "LCDB Data for (1100) Arnica". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 11 January 2018.
    5. "Asteroid 1100 Arnica – Nesvorny HCM Asteroid Families V3.0". Small Bodies Data Ferret. Retrieved 26 October 2019.
    6. Masiero, Joseph R.; Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Nugent, C. R.; Bauer, J. M.; Stevenson, R.; et al. (August 2014). "Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 791 (2): 11. arXiv:1406.6645. Bibcode:2014ApJ...791..121M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121.
    7. Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D.; et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 25. arXiv:1109.6407. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...90M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90.
    8. Slivan, Stephen M.; Binzel, Richard P.; Boroumand, Shaida C.; Pan, Margaret W.; Simpson, Christine M.; Tanabe, James T.; et al. (May 2008). "Rotation rates in the Koronis family, complete to H≈11.2". Icarus. 195 (1): 226–276. Bibcode:2008Icar..195..226S. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2007.11.019.
    9. Chang, Chan-Kao; Ip, Wing-Huen; Lin, Hsing-Wen; Cheng, Yu-Chi; Ngeow, Chow-Choong; Yang, Ting-Chang; et al. (August 2015). "Asteroid Spin-rate Study Using the Intermediate Palomar Transient Factory". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 219 (2): 19. arXiv:1506.08493. Bibcode:2015ApJS..219...27C. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/219/2/27.
    10. Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (1100) Arnica". Geneva Observatory. Retrieved 11 January 2018.
    11. "1100 Arnica (1928 SD)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 11 January 2018.
    12. Nesvorný, D.; Broz, M.; Carruba, V. (December 2014). Identification and Dynamical Properties of Asteroid Families. Asteroids IV. pp. 297–321. arXiv:1502.01628. Bibcode:2015aste.book..297N. doi:10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816532131-ch016. ISBN 9780816532131.
    13. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1054) Forsytia. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 90. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1055. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.

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