1054 Forsytia

1054 Forsytia /fɔːrˈsɪtiə/ is a dark background asteroid, approximately 46 kilometers in diameter, from the outer regions of the asteroid belt. It was discovered on 20 November 1925, by astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory in southwest Germany and assigned provisional designation 1925 WD.[14] It is named after the flowering plant forsythia, and marks the beginning of a sequence of 28 thematically named asteroids by the discoverer.[3]

1054 Forsytia
Shape model of Forsytia from its lightcurve
Discovery [1]
Discovered byK. Reinmuth
Discovery siteHeidelberg Obs.
Discovery date20 November 1925
Designations
(1054) Forsytia
Pronunciation/fɔːrˈsɪtiə/[2]
Named after
Forsythia (flowering plant)[3]
1925 WD · 1962 DD
A907 EA
main-belt · (outer) [4]
background [5]
Orbital characteristics [1]
Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc110.32 yr (40,295 days)
Aphelion3.3198 AU
Perihelion2.5284 AU
2.9241 AU
Eccentricity0.1353
5.00 yr (1,826 days)
165.01°
0° 11m 49.56s / day
Inclination10.849°
85.888°
294.19°
Physical characteristics
Dimensions42.867±11.18 km[6]
45.42 km (derived)[4]
45.47±4.3 km[7]
46.40±13.38 km[8]
46.69±15.08 km[9]
47.780±3.344 km[10]
53.04±0.71 km[11]
7.650±0.001 h[12]
0.035±0.013[10]
0.04±0.07[8]
0.048±0.002[11]
0.05±0.03[9]
0.0592 (derived)[4]
0.0648±0.014[7]
0.0750±0.0441[6]
C (assumed)[4]
10.12[6] · 10.12±0.51[13] · 10.30[7][11] · 10.40[1][4][9] · 10.46[8] · 10.87[10]

    Orbit and classification

    Forsytia is a non-family asteroid from the main belt's background population.[5] It orbits the Sun in the outer asteroid belt at a distance of 2.5–3.3 AU once every 5.00 years (1,826 days; semi-major axis of 2.92 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.14 and an inclination of 11° with respect to the ecliptic.[1] The asteroid was first observed as A907 EA at Heidelberg in March 1907. The body's observation arc begins with its official discovery observation in November 1925.[14]

    Naming

    This minor planet was named after forsythia, a genus of flowering shrubs in the family Oleaceae. The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 100).[3]

    Reinmuth's flowers

    Due to his many discoveries, Karl Reinmuth submitted a large list of 66 newly named asteroids in the early 1930s. The list covered his discoveries with numbers between (1009) and (1200). This list also contained a sequence of 28 asteroids, starting with this asteroid, that were all named after plants, in particular flowering plants (also see list of minor planets named after animals and plants).[3]

    Physical characteristics

    Forsytia is an assumed carbonaceous C-type asteroid.[4]

    Rotation period

    In March 2002, a rotational lightcurve of Forsytia was obtained from photometric observations by American amateur astronomer John Gross at his Sonoran Skies Observatory (G94) in Arizona. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of 7.650 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.23 magnitude (U=3).[12]

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Forsytia measures between 42.867 and 53.04 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.035 and 0.0750.[6][7][8][9][10][11] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.0592 and a diameter of 45.42 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 10.4.[4]

    gollark: Consider the Riemann sphere.
    gollark: Are you saying they have better or equivalent time complexity? This is incorrect.
    gollark: Despite having worse time complexity than counter-based ones, sorts are the most popular.
    gollark: #1 is just doing mergesort.
    gollark: You didn't even analyze #3, I had to explain it all to everyone.

    References
    1. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1054 Forsytia (1925 WD)" (2017-07-02 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 10 January 2018.
    2. Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607
    3. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(1054) Forsytia". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 90. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1055. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
    4. "LCDB Data for (1054) Forsytia". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 10 January 2018.
    5. "Asteroid 1054 Forsytia – Nesvorny HCM Asteroid Families V3.0". Small Bodies Data Ferret. Retrieved 24 October 2019.
    6. Masiero, Joseph R.; Nugent, C.; Mainzer, A. K.; Wright, E. L.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; et al. (October 2017). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Three: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astronomical Journal. 154 (4): 10. arXiv:1708.09504. Bibcode:2017AJ....154..168M. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aa89ec.
    7. Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System. 12: IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0. Bibcode:2004PDSS...12.....T. Retrieved 22 October 2019.
    8. Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Kramer, E. A.; Grav, T.; et al. (September 2016). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Two: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astronomical Journal. 152 (3): 12. arXiv:1606.08923. Bibcode:2016AJ....152...63N. doi:10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63.
    9. Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Masiero, J.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Grav, T.; et al. (December 2015). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year One: Preliminary Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 814 (2): 13. arXiv:1509.02522. Bibcode:2015ApJ...814..117N. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/814/2/117.
    10. Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Nugent, C.; et al. (November 2012). "Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 759 (1): 5. arXiv:1209.5794. Bibcode:2012ApJ...759L...8M. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8.
    11. Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. Retrieved 17 October 2019. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
    12. Gross, John (September 2003). "Sonoran Skies Observatory lightcurve results for asteroids 1054, 1390, 1813 1838, 2988, 3167, 4448, and 5262". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 30 (3): 44–46. Bibcode:2003MPBu...30...44G. ISSN 1052-8091.
    13. Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce; et al. (November 2015). "Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results". Icarus. 261: 34–47. arXiv:1506.00762. Bibcode:2015Icar..261...34V. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007.
    14. "1054 Forsytia (1925 WD)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 10 January 2018.
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