1060 Magnolia

1060 Magnolia, provisional designation 1925 PA, is a stony Florian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 7 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 13 August 1925, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory.[18] The asteroid was named after the flowering plant magnolia.[3]

1060 Magnolia
Discovery [1]
Discovered byK. Reinmuth
Discovery siteHeidelberg Obs.
Discovery date13 August 1925
Designations
(1060) Magnolia
Pronunciation/mæɡˈnoʊliə/[2]
Named after
Magnolia (flowering plant)[3]
1925 PA · 1945 OA
main-belt · (inner)
Flora [4][5]
Orbital characteristics [1]
Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc92.29 yr (33,709 days)
Aphelion2.6902 AU
Perihelion1.7844 AU
2.2373 AU
Eccentricity0.2024
3.35 yr (1,222 days)
192.34°
0° 17m 40.2s / day
Inclination5.9191°
221.13°
84.766°
Physical characteristics
Dimensions5.23±0.58 km[6]
6.844±0.056 km[7]
7.110±0.117 km[8]
7.16 km[9]
9.65±0.60 km[10]
2.78±0.05 h[11]
2.910±0.001 h[12]
2.9107±0.0001 h[13]
2.9108±0.0005 h[14]
2.911±0.0008 h[15]
3.08±0.01 h[16]
0.173±0.034[10]
0.2839[9]
0.2922±0.0328[8]
0.47±0.13[6]
S [4][17]
12.07±0.89[17] · 12.264±0.002 (R)[15] · 12.60[10] · 12.7[1][8] · 12.71[4] · 12.71±0.06[9][11] · 12.97[6]

    Orbit and classification

    Magnolia is a member of the Flora family (402),[4][5] a giant asteroid family and the largest family of stony asteroids in the main-belt.[19]:23 It orbits the Sun in the inner asteroid belt at a distance of 1.8–2.7 AU once every 3 years and 4 months (1,222 days; semi-major axis of 2.24 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.20 and an inclination of 6° with respect to the ecliptic.[1]

    The body's observation arc begins at Heidelberg in September 1925, or one month after its official discovery observation.[18]

    Physical characteristics

    Pan-STARRS' photometric survey characterizes Magnolia as a common, stony S-type asteroid,[17] which is also the overall spectral type for members of the Flora family.[19]:23

    Rotation period

    Several rotational lightcurves of Magnolia have been obtained from photometric observations since 1992.[11][12][13][14][15][16] The best-rated lightcurve by French amateur astronomers Jacques Michelet and Maurice Audejean gave a relatively short rotation period of 2.9107 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.14 magnitude (U=3).[4][13]

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), Magnolia measures between 5.23 and 9.65 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.173 and 0.47.[6][7][8][9][10]

    The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link adopts Petr Pravec's revised WISE results, that is, an albedo of 0.2839 and a diameter of 7.16 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 12.71.[4][9]

    Naming

    This minor planet was named after a genus of flowering plants, magnolia, which was in turn named after Pierre Magnol. The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 101).[3]

    Reinmuth's flowers

    Due to his many discoveries, Karl Reinmuth submitted a large list of 66 newly named asteroids in the early 1930s. The list covered his discoveries with numbers between (1009) and (1200). This list also contained a sequence of 28 asteroids, starting with 1054 Forsytia, that were all named after plants, in particular flowering plants (also see list of minor planets named after animals and plants).[20]

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    References
    1. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1060 Magnolia (1925 PA)" (2017-11-27 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 10 January 2018.
    2. "magnolia". Oxford English Dictionary (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. September 2005. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
    3. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(1060) Magnolia". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1060) Magnolia. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 91. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1061. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
    4. "LCDB Data for (1060) Magnolia". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 10 January 2018.
    5. "Asteroid 1060 Magnolia – Nesvorny HCM Asteroid Families V3.0". Small Bodies Data Ferret. Retrieved 26 October 2019.
    6. Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Kramer, E. A.; Grav, T.; et al. (September 2016). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Two: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astronomical Journal. 152 (3): 12. arXiv:1606.08923. Bibcode:2016AJ....152...63N. doi:10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63. Retrieved 10 January 2018.
    7. Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Dailey, J.; et al. (November 2011). "Main Belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE. I. Preliminary Albedos and Diameters". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 20. arXiv:1109.4096. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...68M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/68. Retrieved 10 January 2018.
    8. Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D.; et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 25. arXiv:1109.6407. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...90M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90.
    9. Pravec, Petr; Harris, Alan W.; Kusnirák, Peter; Galád, Adrián; Hornoch, Kamil (September 2012). "Absolute magnitudes of asteroids and a revision of asteroid albedo estimates from WISE thermal observations". Icarus. 221 (1): 365–387. Bibcode:2012Icar..221..365P. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2012.07.026. Retrieved 10 January 2018.
    10. Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Nugent, C.; et al. (November 2012). "Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 759 (1): 5. arXiv:1209.5794. Bibcode:2012ApJ...759L...8M. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8. Retrieved 10 January 2018.
    11. Wisniewski, W. Z.; Michalowski, T. M.; Harris, A. W.; McMillan, R. S. (March 1995). "Photoelectric Observations of 125 Asteroids". Abstracts of the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. 26: 1511. Bibcode:1995LPI....26.1511W. Retrieved 10 January 2018.
    12. Strabla, Luca; Quadri, Ulisse; Girelli, Robert (April 2013). "Asteroid Observed from Bassano Bresciano Observatory 2012 August-September". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 40 (2): 83–84. Bibcode:2013MPBu...40...83S. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 10 January 2018.
    13. Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (1060) Magnolia". Geneva Observatory. Retrieved 10 January 2018.
    14. Kryszczynska, A.; Colas, F.; Polinska, M.; Hirsch, R.; Ivanova, V.; Apostolovska, G.; et al. (October 2012). "Do Slivan states exist in the Flora family?. I. Photometric survey of the Flora region". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 546: 51. Bibcode:2012A&A...546A..72K. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219199. Retrieved 10 January 2018.
    15. Waszczak, Adam; Chang, Chan-Kao; Ofek, Eran O.; Laher, Russ; Masci, Frank; Levitan, David; et al. (September 2015). "Asteroid Light Curves from the Palomar Transient Factory Survey: Rotation Periods and Phase Functions from Sparse Photometry". The Astronomical Journal. 150 (3): 35. arXiv:1504.04041. Bibcode:2015AJ....150...75W. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/150/3/75. Retrieved 10 January 2018.
    16. Bonzo, Dimitrij; Carbognani, Albino (July 2010). "Lightcurves and Periods for Asteriods [sic] 1001 Gaussia, 1060 Magnolia, 1750 Eckert, 2888 Hodgson, and 3534 Sax". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 37 (3): 93–95. Bibcode:2010MPBu...37...93B. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 10 January 2018.
    17. Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce; et al. (November 2015). "Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results". Icarus. 261: 34–47. arXiv:1506.00762. Bibcode:2015Icar..261...34V. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007. Retrieved 10 January 2018.
    18. "1060 Magnolia (1925 PA)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 10 January 2018.
    19. Nesvorný, D.; Broz, M.; Carruba, V. (December 2014). Identification and Dynamical Properties of Asteroid Families. Asteroids IV. pp. 297–321. arXiv:1502.01628. Bibcode:2015aste.book..297N. doi:10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816532131-ch016. ISBN 9780816532131.
    20. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(1054) Forsytia". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1054) Forsytia. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 90. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1055. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.

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