100 Peaks of Taiwan

The Baiyue 台灣百嶽 is a list of one hundred mountains in Taiwan. They were chosen by a group of prominent Taiwanese hikers from mountains known at the time to be over 3,000 meters in height. The selection criteria included uniqueness, danger, height, beauty and prominence. Preference was also given to peaks already named and those with triangulation points.[1][2] As such, "Top" does not refer strictly to the highest peaks by elevation, but rather peaks most worth hiking. The list was intended to promote enthusiasm for high-altitude hiking in Taiwan.[3] In the resulting list of one hundred peaks, 69 peaks were in the Central Mountain Range, the largest of Taiwan's five principal mountain ranges, while 19 were in the Xueshan Range, and 12 were in the Yushan Range.[4] The Alishan Range and Coastal Mountain Range, being below 3,000m, have no peaks in the list of Baiyue.

History

Taiwan has one of the highest densities of tall mountains in the world. To promote mountain hiking, the Taiwan Province Alpine Association began developing a list of top 100 peaks for Taiwan. Wen-An Lin, after a 1971 crossing of the Central Mountain Range, set about drawing up the list. After extensive consultation with Ching-Chang Tsai, Tian-Cheng Hsing, Tung-San Ting and other prominent hikers of the day, the list of Baiyue was finalized.[1]

Upon completion of the list, hiking the Baiyue immediately became one of the primary goals of avid hikers in Taiwan.[1][2][5][6][7] Finishing the Baiyue is no easy task, however. For aspiring Baiyue hikers, the Five Mountains, Three Peaks, and One Miracle 五嶽三尖一奇, whose unique beauty best represents the grandeur of Taiwan's high mountains, became a popular starting point. Other popular sets of peaks include the Harsh Ten and Four Beauties 十峻四秀. Many begin with the more easily accessible peaks in the Hehuanshan area.

There are actually over 260 mountains over 3,000 meters in Taiwan, many of which were not listed in the Baiyue, but nonetheless impressive. Therefore, some criticism remains over the inclusion of certain mountains on the list, and the exclusion of others, such as Chushan in the Dongjunshan Chain, and Mutelebushan near Xueshan's North Peak. Some have argued that these peaks should be in the Baiyue, while peaks such as Jupenshan, Lushan, Nanhubeishan, Shenmazhenshan, Jianshan, and Bulakesangshan, should be taken off the list. Also, when resurveying was carried out long after the Baiyue list was completed, it was found that Liushunshan and Lushan were under 3,000m. However, as the Baiyue already enjoyed such widespread acceptance, they were not removed from the list and remain there to this day.

Complete listing of Baiyue

The following is a complete listing of the 100 Taiwanese mountain peaks commonly known as the Baiyue:

#	Mountain [8]	Elevation [8]	Difficulty	Location	National park located in	List	Pictures
1	Yushan[lower-roman 1]	3952 m 12966 ft	A	Nantou County, Kaohsiung City, Chiayi County	Yushan	Five Mountains #1[lower-alpha 1] Three Peaks #1[lower-alpha 2]
2	Xueshan[lower-roman 2]	3886 m 12749 ft	A	Miaoli County, Taichung City	Shei-Pa	Five Mountains #2[lower-alpha 1] High Three #2[lower-alpha 2]
3	Yushan East Peak	3869 m 12694 ft	C+	Nantou County, Kaohsiung City	Yushan	Harsh Ten #1[lower-alpha 3]
4	Yushan North Peak	3858 m 12657 ft	B	Nantou County	Yushan	Eight Beauties #1[lower-alpha 4]
5	Yushan South Peak	3844 m 12612 ft	C+	Kaohsiung City	Yushan	Harsh Ten #2[lower-alpha 3]
6	Xiuguluanshan[lower-roman 3]	3825 m 12549 ft	B	Hualien County, Nantou County	Yushan	Five Mountains #3[lower-alpha 1]
7	Mabolasishan[lower-roman 4]	3785 m 12418 ft	C+	Hualien County, Nantou County	Yushan	Harsh Ten #3[lower-alpha 3]
8	Nanhudashan	3742 m 12277 ft	B	Taichung City	Taroko	Five Mountains #4[lower-alpha 1]
9	Dongxiaonanshan	3711 m 12175 ft	C	Kaohsiung City	Yushan	Level Nine #1[lower-alpha 5]
10	Central Range Point	3705 m 12156 ft	C+	Taichung City, Hualien County	Taroko	Three Peaks #1[lower-alpha 6]
11	Xueshan North Peak[lower-roman 5]	3703 m 12149 ft	C+	Miaoli County, Taichung City	Shei-Pa	Gentle Ten #2[lower-alpha 7]
12	Guanshan[lower-roman 6]	3668 m 12034 ft	C	Taitung County, Kaohsiung City	Yushan	Harsh Ten #4[lower-alpha 3]
13	Dashuikushan	3642 m 11949 ft	B	Hualien County, Nantou County	Yushan	Gentle Ten #1[lower-alpha 7]
14	Nanhushan East Peak[lower-roman 7]	3632 m 11916 ft	B	Taichung City, Hualien County, Yilan County	Taroko	Rocky Ten #1[lower-alpha 8]
15	Dongjundashan[lower-roman 8]	3619 m 11873 ft	C+	Nantou County		Majestic Ten #1[lower-alpha 9]
16	Qilaishan North Peak	3607 m 11834 ft	B	Hualien County	Taroko	Harsh Ten #5[lower-alpha 3] Ominous One[lower-alpha 10]
17	Xiangyangshan[lower-roman 9]	3603 m 11821 ft	A	Kaohsiung City, Taitung County	Yushan	Eight Beauties #2[lower-alpha 4]
18	Dajianshan[lower-roman 10]	3594 m 11791 ft	B	Taichung City	Shei-Pa	Harsh Ten #6[lower-alpha 3]
19	Yunfeng[lower-roman 11]	3564 m 11693 ft	C	Kaohsiung City	Yushan	Lofty Nine #1[lower-alpha 11]
20	Qilaishan[lower-roman 12]	3560 m 11680 ft	B	Hualien County, Nantou County	Taroko	Lofty Nine #2[lower-alpha 11]
21	Malijiananshan[lower-roman 13]	3546 m 11634 ft	C+	Nantou County, Hualien County	Yushan	Rocky Ten #2[lower-alpha 8]
22	Nanhubeishan[lower-roman 14]	3536 m 11601 ft	B	Yilan County, Taichung City	Taroko	Majestic Ten #2[lower-alpha 9]
23	Daxueshan	3530 m 11581 ft	C	Miaoli County, Taichung City	Shei-Pa	Majestic Ten #3[lower-alpha 9]
24	Pintianshan[lower-roman 15]	3524 m 11562 ft	B	Hsinchu County, Taichung City	Shei-Pa	Harsh Ten #7[lower-alpha 3] Four Beauties #1[lower-alpha 12]
25	Yushan West Peak[lower-roman 16]	3518 m 11542 ft	A	Chiayi County, Nantou County	Yushan	Verdant Ten #4[lower-alpha 13]
26	Touyingshan	3510 m 11516 ft	C	Taichung City, Miaoli County	Shei-Pa	Lofty Nine #3[lower-alpha 11]
27	Sanchashan[lower-roman 17]	3496 m 11470 ft	A	Hualien County, Taitung County, Kaohsiung City	Yushan	Majestic Ten #3[lower-alpha 9]
28	Dabajianshan[lower-roman 18]	3492 m 11457 ft	A	Hsinchu County, Miaoli County	Shei-Pa	Three Peaks #2[lower-alpha 6]
29	Nanhushan South Peak	3475 m 11401 ft	C	Taichung City, Hualien County	Taroko	Rocky Ten #5[lower-alpha 8]
30	Dongluandashan	3468 m 11378 ft	C+	Nantou County		Eight Beauties #3[lower-alpha 4]
31	Wumingshan[lower-roman 19]	3451 m 11322 ft	C+	Taichung City, Hualien County	Taroko	Harsh Ten #8[lower-alpha 3]
32	Babashan[lower-roman 20]	3449 m 11316 ft	C	Taichung City, Hualien County	Taroko	Little Eight #1[lower-alpha 14]
33	Maxishan[lower-roman 21]	3443 m 11296 ft	C+	Hualien County	Yushan	Majestic Ten #5[lower-alpha 9]
34	Hehuanshan North Peak	3422 m 11227 ft	A	Nantou County, Hualien County	Taroko	Majestic Ten #6[lower-alpha 9]
35	Hehuanshan East Peak	3421 m 11224 ft	A	Nantou County, Hualien County	Taroko	Lofty Nine #4[lower-alpha 11]
36	Xiaobajianshan	3418 m 11214 ft	B	Miaoli County	Shei-Pa	Craggy Eight #2[lower-alpha 15]
37	Hehuanshan Main Peak	3417 m 11211 ft	A	Nantou County	Taroko	Gentle Ten #3[lower-alpha 7]
38	South Yushan	3383 m 11099 ft	C	Kaohsiung City	Yushan	Gentle Ten #4[lower-alpha 7]
39	Bilushan[lower-roman 22]	3371 m 11060 ft	A	Hualien County, Nantou County	Taroko	Narrow Eight #3[lower-alpha 16]
40	Zhuoshedashan	3369 m 11053 ft	C	Nantou County		Lofty Nine #5[lower-alpha 11]
41	Qilaishan South Peak	3358 m 11017 ft	A	Nantou County		Majestic Ten #7[lower-alpha 9]
42	Nanshuangtoushan	3356 m 11010 ft	C	Hualien County, Kaohsiung City	Yushan	Lofty Nine #6[lower-alpha 11]
43	Nenggaoshan South Peak	3349 m 10988 ft	C	Nantou County, Hualien County		Harsh Ten #9[lower-alpha 3]
44	Zhijiayangdashan	3345 m 10974 ft	A	Taichung City	Shei-Pa	Eight Beauties #4[lower-alpha 4]
45	Baigudashan[lower-roman 23]	3342 m 10965 ft	B	Nantou County, Taichung City		Verdant Ten #7[lower-alpha 13]
46	Batongguanshan	3335 m 10942 ft	A	Nantou County	Yushan	Craggy Eight #3[lower-alpha 15]
47	Xinkangshan[lower-roman 24]	3331 m 10928 ft	C	Hualien County	Yushan	Harsh Ten #10[lower-alpha 3]
48	Dandashan	3325 m 10909 ft	C	Nantou County, Hualien County		Nine Walls #3[lower-alpha 17]
49	Taoshan	3325 m 10909 ft	A	Hsinchu County, Taichung City	Shei-Pa	Eight Beauties #5[lower-alpha 4] Four Beauties #2[lower-alpha 12]
50	Jiayangshan[lower-roman 25]	3314 m 10873 ft	B	Taichung City	Shei-Pa	Craggy Eight #4[lower-alpha 15]
51	Huoshishan	3310 m 10860 ft	C	Miaoli County, Taichung City	Shei-Pa	Craggy Eight #5[lower-alpha 15]
52	Chiyoushan[lower-roman 26]	3303 m 10837 ft	A	Hsinchu County, Taichung City	Shei-Pa	Simple Six #1[lower-alpha 18] Four Beauties #3[lower-alpha 12]
53	Yizeshan[lower-roman 27]	3297 m 10817 ft	A	Miaoli County, Hsinchu County	Shei-Pa	Simple Six #2[lower-alpha 18]
54	Beinanzhushan	3295 m 10810 ft	C	Kaohsiung City, Taitung County		Majestic Ten #8[lower-alpha 9]
55	Ganzhuowanshan	3284 m 10774 ft	C	Nantou County		Narrow Eight #4[lower-alpha 16]
56	Taroko Mountain	3283 m 10771 ft	C+	Hualien County	Taroko	Majestic Ten #9[lower-alpha 9]
57	Lulushan[lower-roman 28]	3279 m 10758 ft	C	Kaohsiung City	Yushan	Craggy Eight #7[lower-alpha 15]
58	Kaxipananshan	3276 m 10748 ft	C+	Hualien County	Yushan	Remote Nine #4[lower-alpha 19]
59	Neilingershan	3275 m 10745 ft	C	Hualien County		Majestic Ten #10[lower-alpha 9]
60	Lingmingshan	3272 m 10735 ft	B	Taichung City, Hualien County	Taroko	Eight Beauties #6[lower-alpha 4]
61	Jundashan	3265 m 10712 ft	A	Nantou County	Yushan	Eight Beauties #7[lower-alpha 4]
62	Nenggaoshan[lower-roman 29]	3262 m 10702 ft	C	Nantou County, Hualien County		Lofty Nine #7[lower-alpha 11] High Three #3[lower-alpha 2]
63	Wandongshan West Peak[lower-roman 30]	3258 m 10689 ft	C	Nantou County		Remote Nine #5[lower-alpha 19]
64	Jianshan[lower-roman 31]	3253 m 10673 ft	C	Taichung City	Shei-Pa	Nine Walls #5[lower-alpha 17]
65	Pingfengshan	3250 m 10663 ft	B	Hualien County	Taroko	Nine Walls #6[lower-alpha 17]
66	Xiaoguanshan	3249 m 10659 ft	C	Kaohsiung City, Taitung County		Lofty Nine #8[lower-alpha 11]
67	Yixiqingmazhishan	3245 m 10646 ft	C+	Hualien County, Nantou County		Steep Seven #4[lower-alpha 20]
68	Mushan[lower-roman 32]	3241 m 10633 ft	C	Nantou County		Simple Six #5[lower-alpha 18]
69	Yushan Front Peak	3239 m 10627 ft	A	Chiayi County, Nantou County	Yushan	Simple Six #5[lower-alpha 18]
70	Shimenshan	3237 m 10620 ft	A	Hualien County, Nantou County	Taroko	Little Eight #2[lower-alpha 14]
71	Wushuangshan[lower-roman 33]	3231 m 10600 ft	C+	Nantou County		Nine Walls #7[lower-alpha 17]
72	Taguanshan[lower-roman 34]	3222 m 10571 ft	A	Taitung County, Kaohsiung City	Yushan	Steep Seven #5[lower-alpha 20]
73	Mabishanshan[lower-roman 35]	3211 m 10535 ft	C	Yilan County, Hualien County	Taroko	Level Nine #7[lower-alpha 5]
74	Dafenjianshan[lower-roman 36]	3208 m 10525 ft	C	Nantou County, Kaohsiung City, Hualien County	Yushan	Three Peaks #3[lower-alpha 6]
75	Xueshan East Peak[lower-roman 37]	3201 m 10502 ft	A	Taichung City	Shei-Pa	Little Eight #3[lower-alpha 14]
76	Nanhuashan[lower-roman 38]	3184 m 10446 ft	A	Nantou County, Hualien County		Narrow Eight #6[lower-alpha 16]
77	Guanshanlingshan	3176 m 10420 ft	A	Taitung County, Kaohsiung City	Yushan	Narrow Eight #7[lower-alpha 16]
78	Hainuonanshan	3174 m 10413 ft	C	Taitung County, Kaohsiung City		Gentle Ten #6[lower-alpha 7]
79	Zhongxueshan	3173 m 10410 ft	A	Miaoli County	Shei-Pa	Verdant Ten #8[lower-alpha 13]
80	Shuanshan	3168 m 10394 ft	A	Taichung City	Taroko	Eight Beauties #8[lower-alpha 4]
81	Ganshufeng[lower-roman 39]	3158 m 10361 ft	C+	Hualien County, Taichung City	Taroko	Little Eight #6[lower-alpha 14]
82	Hehuanshan West Peak	3145 m 10318 ft	A	Nantou County	Taroko	Verdant Ten #9[lower-alpha 13]
83	Shenmazhenshan[lower-roman 40]	3141 m 10305 ft	A	Yilan County, Taichung City	Taroko	Contiguous Six #1[lower-alpha 21]
84	Kalayeshan[lower-roman 41]	3133 m 10279 ft	A	Hsinchu County, Yilan County	Shei-Pa	Contiguous Six #2[lower-alpha 21] Four Beauties #4[lower-alpha 12]
85	Kuhanuoxinshan	3115 m 10220 ft	A	Kaohsiung City	Yushan	Remote Nine #8[lower-alpha 19]
86	Jialishan[lower-roman 42]	3112 m 10210 ft	A	Miaoli County	Shei-Pa	Contiguous Six #3[lower-alpha 21]
87	Baishishan	3110 m 10203 ft	C	Nantou County, Hualien County		Steep Seven #6[lower-alpha 20]
88	Panshishan[lower-roman 43]	3106 m 10190 ft	C	Hualien County	Taroko	Remote Nine #9[lower-alpha 19]
89	Patuolushan	3101 m 10174 ft	C	Hualien County	Taroko	Gentle Ten #8[lower-alpha 7]
90	Beidawushan[lower-roman 44]	3092 m 10144 ft	A	Pingtung County, Taitung County		Five Mountains #5[lower-alpha 1]
91	Xiluandashan[lower-roman 45]	3081 m 10108 ft	A	Nantou County		Steep Seven #7[lower-alpha 20]
92	Tafenshan	3070 m 10072 ft	C	Hualien County, Kaohsiung City	Yushan	Craggy Eight #8[lower-alpha 15]
93	Liwuzhushan[lower-roman 46]	3069 m 10069 ft	C	Hualien County	Taroko	Rocky Ten #9[lower-alpha 8]
94	Andongjunshan[lower-roman 47]	3068 m 10066 ft	C	Hualien County, Nantou County		Gentle Ten #9[lower-alpha 7]
95	Guangtoushan[lower-roman 48]	3060 m 10039 ft	C	Nantou County, Hualien County		Level Nine #8[lower-alpha 5]
96	Yangtoushan	3035 m 9957 ft	A	Hualien County	Taroko	Narrow Eight #8[lower-alpha 16]
97	Bulakesangshan[lower-roman 49]	3026 m 9928 ft	C	Taitung County, Hualien County		Nine Walls #9[lower-alpha 17]
98	Jupenshan[lower-roman 50]	3022 m 9915 ft	C+	Nantou County	Yushan	Contiguous Six #4[lower-alpha 21]
99	Liushunshan	2999 m 9839 ft	B	Nantou County, Hualien County		Level Nine #9[lower-alpha 5]
100	Lushan	2981 m 9780 ft	C	Kaohsiung City	Yushan	Contiguous Six #6[lower-alpha 21]

Notes

Designated lists

1. The Five Mountains are the highest in their region, and they include famous mountains such as Yushan and Xueshan. They are a must for all Baiyue hikers.[9]
2. During the Japanese rule in Taiwan, the three peaks had the character for "high" (高) in their name, which are rarely used today.
3. The Harsh Ten are prominent, steep peaks not included in the Five Mountains, Three Peaks, and One Miracle.[9]
4. The Eight Beauties were chosen for their beautiful landscapes, gentle slope, meadows of short bamboo and lack of rock scrambling.[9]
5. The Level Nine are wide, flat peaks without large rocks or trees, only short bamboo. Comfortable, easy walking.[9][10]
6. The Three Peaks are famous for their beauty and conical shape.[9]
7. The Gentle Ten have an overall smooth profile, with gentle slopes and little climbing or scrambling needed.[9]
8. The Rocky Ten have rocky peaks that require scrambling or climbing to summit.[9]
9. The Majestic Ten were chosen for their size and prominence, wide peaks, gentle slope and serene nature.[9]
10. Qilaishan North Peak, the Ominous One, is located along the northern end of the Central Mountain Range's central spine. The ascent is steep and difficult in parts, and the dark fragmented slate covering the western face has earned it the nickname "Black Qilai". Some sources spell Qilai "Chilai".
11. The Lofty Nine are tall conspicuous peaks, catching the eye more than neighboring peaks.[9]
12. The Four Beauties are also known as the Wuling Sixiu[11] due to their proximity to Wuling Farm. Each of these four peaks has its own unique characteristics. The "Four Beauties" initially chosen by Tian-Cheng Hsing were Chiyoushan, Taoshan, Shilunshan and Kalayeshan, while Pintianshan was listed as one of the Harsh Ten. However, since Shilunshan was not a Baiyue, hikers began recognizing Pintianshan as one of the Four Beauties instead.[12]
13. The Verdant Ten have trails that wind through lush green forests of tall, twisting trees and bamboo.[9]
14. The Little Eight are small peaks with gentle slopes that can be easily reached as part of a longer trip.[9]
15. The Craggy Eight jut out from the surrounding terrain and are surrounded by cliffs and difficult terrain.[9]
16. The Narrow Eight have long narrow ridgelines with cliffs or steep slopes on both sides.[9]
17. These mountains rise up like a wall, wide and flat, blocking the view of a large area like a screen.[9]
18. The Simple Six trails are offshoots from another main trail, short in distance and not very strenuous. They are easy side trips when hiking the parent trail.[9]
19. The Remote Nine are on distant offshoots of their mountain range and are not easily combined with other peaks into a single journey.[9]
20. Steep mountains with cliffs and loose rocks.[9]
21. The Contiguous Six are near other high peaks, and can be reached along a ridge that extends down from the higher peak. They have fairly level trails, the peaks are named and there is some sort of survey marker.[9]

Alternative names and other remarks

1. Formerly known as Niitakayama, Mt. Morrison; This mountain is the highest point of Nantou County, Kaohsiung City, Chiayi County.
2. Formerly known as Tsugitakayama, Mt. Sylvia; Highest point of Miaoli County, Taichung City.
3. Other names: Mahuolasishan
4. Other names: Wulamengshan
5. Other names: Yuliyulishan
6. Highest point of Taitung County
7. Highest point of Yilan County
8. Other names: Kayixishan
9. Other names: Hongyeshan
10. Other names: Baduowanuominshan
11. Other names: Cloud Peak
12. Other names: Qilaishan Main Peak
13. Other names: Tabilashan
14. Other names: Bayoushan
15. Other names: Boqinxilunshan
16. Other names: Tiancuifeng
17. Other names: Xiaxueshashan
18. Other names: Jiutongshan; Highest point of Hsinchu County
19. Other names: Qusheshan, Gaotianshan
20. Other names: Nanhunanshan
21. Other names: Lagashan, Bainanshan
22. Other names: Lagashan
23. Other names: Baigoudashan
24. Other names: Xinguanshan
25. Other names: Adubanshan
26. Other names: Yuluofushan
27. Other names: Jiangzeshan
28. Other names: Majiangzhizishan
29. Formerly known as: Noutakayama
30. Other names: Huoshan
31. Other names: Xiaojianshan
32. Other names: Ganzhuowanshan Southeast Peak
33. Other names: Maxirouganshan
34. Other names: Daguanshan
35. Other names: Mameishan
36. Other names: Jianshan
37. Other names: Mingjianshan
38. Other names: Nenggaoshan North Peak
39. Other names: Central Range Point, Yam Peak
40. Other names: Yezhenjialuosuishan
41. Other names: Jialiupingshan
42. Other names: Maibalabianshan
43. Other names: Shanyuanshan
44. Other names: Dawushan; Highest point in Pingtung County
45. Other names: Luandashan
46. Other names: Tacijilishan
47. Other names: Andongjunshan
48. Other names: Zhiyaganshan
49. Other names: Wulagusanshan
50. Other names: Yumabogeshan

References

1. 臺灣百岳小史 (Short History of Taiwan's Baiyue), accessed 03 June 2015.]
2. Lonely Planet; Robert Kelly; Chung Wah Chow (1 February 2014). Lonely Planet Taiwan. Lonely Planet Publications. p. 67. ISBN 978-1-74321-835-8.
3. Yeh, Joseph (2011-01-31). "Fulfill your dreams while you are young, says daring hiker Lin Cheng-han". The China Post. Retrieved 2015-06-03.
4. 頁面歷史: 台灣百岳, National Park Mountaineering School (History: Taiwan's Baiyue), accessed 03 June 2015.
5. Huang, Chao-kuo (2007-12-24). "Taiwanese Scales World's Peaks". Taipei Times. Retrieved 2015-06-03.
6. Bartholomew, Ian (2001-08-19). "Taiwan's rivers offer vast potential for adventure". Taipei Times. Retrieved 2015-06-03.
7. Bartholomew, Ian (2013-03-20). "Mountain lore". Taipei Times. Retrieved 2015-06-03.
8. Chinese Taipei Alpine Association 百岳一覽表 Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine, accessed 03 June 2015.
9. 台灣山嶽導覽入門篇 by H領隊 Archived 2015-05-18 at the Wayback Machine, accessed 03 June 2015.
10. 奇萊主峰濃霧積雪 救難人員舉步維艱, Eastern Daily News, accessed 03 June 2015.
11. Taiwan's Most Spectacular Hiking Trails, Wanderlust travel magazine, accessed 03 June 2015.
12. 第二世代台灣百嶽全集上冊,戶外生活圖書股份有限公司,陳遠見主編,2007年8月31日初版, ISBN 9789866994395.