ŽS series 412

The JŽ class 412/416 is an electric multiple unit built for Yugoslav Railways. The units are now used by Serbian Railways, Macedonian Railways and Montenegro Railways.

ŽS 412/416
ŽS 412-096
Type and origin
Power typeElectric
BuilderRīgas Vagonbūves Rūpnīca
Build date1980 – 1990's
Total produced53, including:
ER31: 51
ER35: 2
Specifications
Configuration:
​
 • UICBo'Bo' + 2'2' + 2'2' + Bo'Bo'
Gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) standard gauge
Length25,540 mm (83 ft 10 in) (one car)
Width3,120 mm (10 ft 3 in)
Height3,893 mm (12 ft 9 in)
Loco weight55 tonnes (54 long tons; 61 short tons)
Electric system/s25 kV/50 Hz AC catenary
Current pickup(s)Pantograph
Performance figures
Maximum speed120 km/h (75 mph)
Career
ClassJŽ 412,
ŽS 412,
ŽCG 412,
MŽ 412
NicknamesGorbačov
LocaleYugoslavia, in today's Serbia, North Macedonia and Montenegro

History

In the early 1980s Yugoslav Railways ordered several passenger electric multiple-unit trains for Belgrade, Novi Sad, Skopje and Titograd sections (ŽTP). At half the price offered by a domestic Yugoslav competitor, JŽ series 410 EMU built by Goša, the Soviet ER31 (Russian: ЭР31) built by Rīgas Vagonbūves Rūpnīca (RVR) was chosen. The first unit was introduced in traffic at September 25, 1980. EMU was designated as JŽ 412/416.

From 1980 to 1990 and with the breakup of Yugoslavia, 50 EMU train sets were delivered from the Soviet Union to Yugoslav railways. ŽTP Belgrade and ŽTP Novi Sad received 43 sets, ŽTP Titograd received six, and ŽTP Skopje received four sets of 412/416 EMU.

During the 1990s nine more sets were ordered, but due the sanctions on FR Yugoslavia, only three were delivered while six were sold to Bulgarian State Railways (BDŽ). EMU for BDŽ was designated by RVR as ER33 (ЭР33), in Bulgaria - BDŽ class 33; these items were more simple in design. The last two train sets 412/416 for Serbia had more powerful traction motors and was designated by RVR as ER35 (ЭР35).[1][2][3]

Technical specifications

The EMU train set consists from four sections: two cab-motor cars (412) and two trailer cars (416). The trains could be controlled and operated only from cab cars (412).

Voltage

This train set utilises 25 kV/50 Hz AC.

Formation: 412 + 416 + 416 + 412

Operators

After the dissolution of Yugoslavia, class 412/416 EMU train sets continued service with the railways of Serbia, Montenegro and North Macedonia.

Serbia

Today Serbian Railways are the biggest operator of 412 class of all Yugoslav successor states. The main depot for this class is at Zemun.

In 2019 there are 24 EMU train sets operational. Nine sets were overhauled with help of Belgrade city, being used with BG Voz - urban rail system that is operated by the public transit system of Belgrade. The rest of EMU train sets traffic on inter-city lines toward Prijepolje, Šid, Paraćin and Zaječar.

  • Serbian Railways ŽS 412
  • BG Voz on railway bridges in the Belgrade

Montenegro

Montenegro Railways have received six class 412/416 EMU train sets which have been purchased by Yugoslav Railways for ŽTP Titograd in 1985. In 2015, there are five operational train sets, with two recently overhauled. Main depot is at Podgorica. One train set was destroyed in the Bioče disaster in 2006.

  • Railway transport of Montenegro class 412 EMU train set

North Macedonia
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gollark: No. You still only have one mean, which is going to be somewhere between the peaks.
gollark: Not *necessarily*, a distribution can have multiple peaks.
gollark: Equivalently, if you take a random person you know nothing about, the probability that their height is between, say, μ-3σ and μ-2σ (154cm to 164cm) is lower than the probability of it being between μ-2σ and μ-σ (164cm to 173cm).

References
  1. "Список подвижного состава ЭР31". TrainPix (in Russian). Retrieved 2016-06-12.
  2. "Список подвижного состава ЭР33". TrainPix (in Russian). Retrieved 2016-06-12.
  3. "Список подвижного состава ЭР35". TrainPix (in Russian). Retrieved 2016-06-12.
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