Útgarðar

In Norse mythology, Útgarðar (literal meaning: "Outyards"; plural of Útgarðr; the word can be anglicized to Utgard, Utgardar and in other ways) surrounded a stronghold of the Ettings. They are associated with Útgarða-Loki, a great and devious giant featured in one of the myths concerning Thor and the other Loki who compete in rigged competitions held in the Outyards. These outdoor arenas contrast with the putrid, indoor cave where Útgarða-Loki is said to dwell, when chained, in the Gesta Danorum. In another version of Norse mythology, Utgard is thought to be the final of the three worlds connected to Yggdrasil being the home of the external cosmic forces. Utgard needs be compared with the Midgard, the world of human affairs, and Asgard, variously attested at the crux of the matter, the centre of the world, as identified with Troy by Snorri Sturluson.[1]

References

Snorri Sturluson (1929) [1916]. "The Beguiling of Gylfi IX". The Prose Edda. Translated by Brodeur, Arthur Gilchrist. Oxford University Press. p. 21.

Snorri Sturluson (1929) [1916]. "The Beguiling of Gylfi XLVI-XLVIII". The Prose Edda. Translated by Brodeur, Arthur Gilchrist. Oxford University Press. pp. 61–69.
Snorri Sturluson (1936) [1923]. "Harbathsljoth". The Poetic Edda. Translated by Bellows, Henry Adams. Princeton University Press. pp. 122, 130.

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[1] Snorri Sturluson (1929) [1916]. "The Beguiling of Gylfi IX". The Prose Edda. Translated by Brodeur, Arthur Gilchrist. Oxford University Press. p. 21.