Île aux Cochons

Île aux Cochons, or Pig Island, is an uninhabited island in the subantarctic Crozet Archipelago. With an area of 67 km2 (26 sq mi) it is the third largest island of the group. Administratively, it is part of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands.

Île aux Cochons
Nickname: Pig Island
Satellite image of the island
Geography
LocationSouth Indian Ocean
Coordinates46°06′S 50°14′E
ArchipelagoCrozet Islands
Area67 km2 (26 sq mi)
Length10 km (6 mi)
Width9 km (5.6 mi)
Highest elevation770 m (2,530 ft)
Highest pointMont Richard-Foy
Administration
Demographics
Population0

Description
Île aux Cochons photographed from on Loch Etive in between 1885 and 1911.
Île aux Cochons photographed from on Loch Etive in between 1885 and 1911.

Île aux Cochons is the westernmost island of the archipelago, lying some 30 km north-west of Île des Pingouins and 15 km south-west of the Îlots des Apôtres. It is an eroded volcanic dome, scattered with inactive craters, and a coastline consisting partly of low cliffs. Introduced species include cats, rabbits and mice. The introduced pigs that gave the island its name have been eradicated. There is no human infrastructure and visits by researchers are rare.[1]

Important Bird Area

The island has been identified as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International as a breeding site for seabirds, and notably for its large penguin populations. It held the world's largest king penguin colony, with about half a million breeding pairs in the 1980s, but by 2018 this had fallen to 60,000 pairs, for as yet unexplained reasons.[2]

There are also substantial numbers of gentoo, macaroni and northern rockhopper penguins. It also has the largest colony of wandering albatrosses in the Indian Ocean, with some 1200 pairs, as well as four million pairs of medium-billed prions and a million pairs of South Georgia diving petrels. Eaton's pintails are present. There are large populations of southern elephant seals, Antarctic fur seals and subantarctic fur seals.[1]

Penguin population decline

In a 2018 report in Antarctic Science, researchers estimated that the population of King penguins on the island had dwindled from 500,000 breeding pairs to just 60,000. With the last count of penguin population in 1982, the most recent demonstrates an 88% decrease in colony population.[2] Researchers are still uncertain of the cause but have suggested climate change, disease, or resource scarcity. A research expedition to the island is planned for late fall of 2019.[3]

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See also
  • List of Antarctic islands north of 60° S

References
  1. BirdLife International. (2012). Important Bird Areas factsheet: Île aux Cochons. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 2012-01-09.
  2. Weimerskirch, Henri; Bouard, Fabrice Le; Ryan, Peter G.; Bost, C. A. (August 2018). "Massive decline of the world's largest king penguin colony at Ile aux Cochons, Crozet". Antarctic Science. 30 (4): 236–242. doi:10.1017/S0954102018000226. ISSN 0954-1020.
  3. Weintraub, Karen (31 July 2018). "Largest King Penguin Colony in the World Drops by 90%". The New York Times.


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