Foreign policy of Donald Trump

This page discusses the bilateral relations between the United States and a number of countries under the Trump administration.

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A tourism slump due to Trump's immigration policies?

The Guardian reported in February 2017 that the immigration policies of the Trump administration had caused a slump for the American tourism industry.[1] However, there seemed to be no real long-term effect, even in 2017, judging from the passenger volumes of America's largest international airports. Of the world's 20 busiest by passenger traffic, five are American: Hartsfield-Jackson (Atlanta), Los Angeles, O'Hare (Chicago), Dallas-Forth Worth, and Denver. All of them except Atlanta welcomed more people than they did in 2016.[2] In fact, the Airports Council International (ACI) noted a net increase in airport activity of all kinds globally, especially in major markets such as the United States.[3]

Afghanistan
“”Great nations do not fight endless wars.
—Donald Trump, 2019 State of the Union address.[4]

Trump has long called for an end to U.S. involvement in Afghanistan, home to America's longest war. As of 2019, the U.S. is negotiating a peace treaty with the Taliban, which it toppled as the Afghan government in 2001. However, the situation on the ground in deteriorating, with the Taliban expanding the areas under its control. By early 2019, the Taliban controls 70% of the country.[5]

China

While previous generations of wireless internet offer the ability to send texts, static images, voice, and video through the Internet, the fifth generation, or 5G, is one ten to twenty times faster. Such rates of data transmission allow for high-quality video streaming, driverless cars, automated ports, remotely-controlled industrial robots, among other things.[6]

President Trump made this announcement as he was considering banning Chinese telecommunications giant Huawei from the U.S. market. His administration has already warned U.S. allies against adopting Huawei's 5G technology out of security concerns, arguing that intelligence sharing with an ally that uses 5G equipment from Huawei could be jeopardized. Since March 2018, the FCC has considered barring the use of federal funds to purchase equipment from companies that could pose a threat to national security.[7] Under Chinese law, companies must "support, cooperate with and collaborate in national intelligence work."[8] Australia and New Zealand decided to bar Huawei from their 5G networks,[9] as did Japan and Taiwan.[10] Meanwhile, Huawei faces skepticism and scrutiny in various European countries. In particular, France's top telecommunications firm, Orange, said it will not use Huawei's 5G equipment.[11] Although they have been careful not to point fingers at Huawei or China, European lawmakers are introducing new regulations to safeguard the security of data networks.[12] German Interior Minister Horst Seehofer said that U.S. officials had been very impressed with the new security measures put in place. Germany declined to ban Huawei. German officials are convinced that the intelligence ties between Germany and the U.S. will not be in danger as the two countries benefit from each other's assets.[13]

In general, U.S.-led resistance against the surge of Huawei in the 5G market has had limited success in Southeast Asia, where economics is more important than geopolitics (or national security). Singapore, Malaysia , Indonesia, the Philippines, and Thailand have all signed up for trials of Huawei equipment, though they are proceeding with caution.[10] Various countries around the world are racing to implement 5G networks. South Korea and the United States began rolling out their services in early April 2019.[8]

Drone strikes
See the main article on this topic: Drone

President Trump ordered his team to make it easier to launch drone strikes, and has since given more authority to the CIA to conduct drone strikes. This is in keeping with his campaign promise that "we have to take out their families," because he is removing all the Obama era guidelines that reduce civilian causalities, while also increasing the CIA's paramilitary capabilities.[14][15][16]

Columbia Law School Human Rights Clinic and the Sana’a Center for Strategic Studies found that since President Donald Trump took office, the monthly rate of U.S. drone strikes has increased by almost four times former President Barack Obama’s average.[17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22]

Iran

In May 2018, Trump withdrew the U.S. from the Iran nuclear deal. However, U.S. intelligence reports in 2019 confirm that Iran is complying with the deal, thereby posing less of a threat. Trump initially rebuffed the report, but later walked back his comments.[23] Despite imposing severe sanctions on Iran that could cripple her economy if she refuses to change her behavior, Trump made it clear he does not want the situation to escalate into armed conflict. He is wary of U.S. military involvement in the Middle East. National Security Adviser John Bolton and Secretary of State Mike Pompeo sounded the alarm after U.S. intelligence reports showed Iran had equipped her surface combatants with missiles that could strike U.S. and allied targets. Iran's supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, confirmed that his side did not want war either.[24]

In October 2020, Trump imposed new sanctions on Iran’s financial sector, which are so stringent that it would effectively blacklist the entire Iranian financial industry, which could impact food and medicine imports. These are even more extreme than the sanctions against Iraq in the 1990s, which led to hundreds of thousands dying of starvation.[25]

Israel

He changed decades of American policy by announcing he will move the US embassy from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem, thereby recognizing Jerusalem as the capitol of a single Israeli state. This immediately provoked armed conflict between Hamas in Gaza and Likud in Israel, causing dozens of deaths within the first day.[26] [27] [28] [29] Violence erupted on the streets of Beirut right in front of the US embassy shortly thereafter.[30]

Trump formally opened the Jerusalem embassy on May 14, 2018, and Palestinians who were either protesting the embassy or commemorating the 70 year anniversary of the Nakba were shot and killed by Israeli border soldiers. About 55 were killed and over 2000 were injured.[31] As if to rub salt on the wound, Trump sent two anti-Semitic evangelical pastors to open the embassy at Jerusalem.[32]

Mexico

Trump has promised heavy tariffs on imports from Mexico to pay for the Great Wall of America that Mexico does not want. If the wall is built it may damage the economies of the United States and Mexico and American consumers will pay for the wall.[citation needed] Contrary to Trump's oft repeated campaign statements that Mexico will pay for the wall, Mexico has no intention of paying for it and US taxpayers would be paying for it. Vicente Fox, the former President of Mexico said that his country will not pay for it.[33]

Unconfirmed reports suggest Trump threatened to invade Mexico.[citation needed] Both sides have denied the reports.[34]

North Korea

In a historic meeting, Donald Trump met with North Korean leader Kim Jong-un in Singapore in June 2018 for talks on denuclearizing the Korean Peninsula and building "a stable and lasting peace." This was quite remarkable given that the two previously traded harsh words.[35] However, little progress was made and the two sides agreed for a second summit. In the meantime, North Korea has improved its relations with neighboring China and South Korea[36] and has returned the remains of 55 U.S. troops killed in the Korean War, for which Trump thanked Kim.[37] In the wake of the historic summit, North Korean propaganda has taken a more conciliatory turn towards the U.S. and her regional allies. Anti-American posters are all but gone. Posters now promote peace scientific achievements, economic growth, and inter-Korean cooperation.[38]

Despite Trump's optimism, the U.S. intelligence community warned that North Korea is unlikely to halt its nuclear weapons program.[23]

In his 2019 State of the Union address, Trump announced that his second meeting with his North Korean counterpart will take place in Vietnam on the last days of February.[4] Vietnam and the United States are former foes who have improved ties in recent years and is seen as a model of political and economic reform for North Korea, with whom Vietnam maintains good relations. These are the reasons why the country chose to host the summit. Trump specified the location to be the capital city, Hanoi.[39] The meeting was cut short without any progress.

Syria

In mid-April, 2018, naval and air forces from the U.S., the U.K., and France conducted air and missile attacks against targets in Syria believed to be part of the Assad regime's chemical weapons program, after an alleged chemical attack by government forces on rebels. All targets were reportedly destroyed by precision-guided munitions.[40] In early 2019, Trump declared that ISIS had been crushed and ordered U.S. troops to withdraw completely from Syria.[41] In October, Trump announced that all US troops working with the Kurds would be withdrawing - in the process, essentially giving Turkey the green light to mount an invasion of the region.

It cannot be overstated what a remarkably stupid decision this is. The Kurds were one of the few groups in the Middle East which didn't want to kill Americans, and by withdrawing US soldiers which had served as a detriment to a Turkish offensive, Trump has left them to the dogs. ISIS prisoners have escaped, the Kurds are in danger of being slaughtered, Russia is now moving into Syria to support them, and the Kurds are allying with Assad - in short, there were absolutely no gains to be made for the US by withdrawing protection from the Kurds and so much to lose. Many Trump supporters condemned the move. There is currently speculation Trump was motivated by business interests he has in Turkey.

Notes
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    References
    1. US tourism experiences a 'Trump slump'
    2. The world's 20 busiest airports (2017). USA Today. April 9, 2018. Accessed February 2019.
    3. ACI reveals the world's busiest passenger and cargo airports. Airports World (the Magazine of the Airports Council International). Updated April 9, 2018. Accessed February 9, 2019.
    4. State of the Union: Trump announces second North Korea summit. BBC News. February 6, 2019. Accessed February 6, 2019.
    5. Facing U.S. withdrawal, Afghan leader pitches Trump cost savings. CBS News. February 1, 2019. Accessed February 1, 2019.
    6. What Is 5G?. PC Magazine. April 16, 2019. Accessed April 21, 2019.
    7. Trump says he opposes nationalizing U.S. 5G network. Reuters. April 12, 2019. Accessed April 21, 2019.
    8. 5G: World's first commercial services promise 'great leap'. BBC News. April 5, 2019. Accessed April 21, 2019.
    9. Huawei: NZ bars Chinese firm on national security fears. BBC News. November 28, 2018. Accessed April 21, 2019.
    10. Which country dares to use Huawei in their 5G infrastructure? South China Morning Post. May 3, 2019. Accessed May 4, 2019.
    11. Factbox: Huawei's challenges in Europe mount after Polish arrests. Reuters. April 21, 2019.
    12. Huawei Has Skirted Outright Bans in Europe. But Not 5G Regulations. Bloomberg. April 15, 2019. Accessed April 21, 2019.
    13. Germany dismisses Trump's threats to stop intelligence sharing over use of Huawei tech. The Strait Times. April 18, 2019. Accessed April 21, 2019.
    14. http://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/trump-admin-ups-drone-strikes-tolerates-more-civilian-deaths-n733336
    15. https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/trump-administration-reviewing-ways-to-make-it-easier-to-launch-drone-strikes/2017/03/13/ac39ced0-07f8-11e7-b77c-0047d15a24e0_story.html?utm_term=.e3fb4a87d4e4
    16. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/report-trump-gives-cia-permission-to-perform-drone-strikes_us_58c7e4cfe4b081a56def5c96
    17. https://chicago.suntimes.com/news/2019/5/8/18619206/under-donald-trump-drone-strikes-far-exceed-obama-s-numbers
    18. https://theintercept.com/2019/10/02/trump-impeachment-civilian-casualties-war/
    19. https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/obama-trump-drone-strikes/
    20. https://worldbeyondwar.org/u-s-drone-strikes-gone-432-since-trump-took-office/
    21. https://reprieve.org.uk/update/game-changer-trumps-new-attacks-on-human-rights/
    22. https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/obama-trump-drone-strikes/
    23. In reversal, Trump says he and intel chiefs on 'same page'. Associated Press. January 31, 2019. Accessed February 1, 2019.
    24. Trump tells defense secretary he doesn't want war with Iran. Axios. May 16, 2019. Accessed May 16, 2019.
    25. "Trump administration imposes crushing sanctions on Iran in defiance of European humanitarian concerns," John Hudson, Washington Post
    26. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/israel-gaza-air-strike-latest-jerusalem-protests-trump-injured-news-updates-a8100311.html
    27. http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-42291071
    28. https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/palestinians-vent-their-fury-on-day-of-rage-against-trumps-jerusalem-move/2017/12/08/b89bed3a-db96-11e7-a241-0848315642d0_story.html?utm_term=.71c1d7bec392
    29. http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/12/israeli-jets-strike-gaza-jerusalem-unrest-171208195209923.html
    30. https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/violence-flares-near-us-embassy-in-beirut-over-trump-jerusalem-decision_us_5a2d29e6e4b073789f6a7b1e?ncid=inblnkushpmg00000009
    31. https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/news/trump-jerusalem-w520292
    32. https://www.haaretz.com/middle-east-news/.premium-trump-s-choice-of-embassy-preacher-is-offensive-that-s-no-accident-1.6078919
    33. Another Message for Donald Trump from Former Mexican President Vicente Fox (Jun 7, 2017) YouTube.
    34. Mexican government says Donald Trump did not threaten to send troops to Mexico
    35. Trump Kim summit: US and North Korean leaders hold historic talks. BBC News. June 12, 2018. Accessed February 1, 2019.
    36. Trump-Kim summit: Second meeting by end of February. BBC News. January 18, 2019. Accessed February 1, 2019.
    37. Trump thanks Kim Jong-un for returning US troops' remains. July 27, 2018. Accessed February 1, 2019.
    38. North Korean propaganda changes its tune. BBC News. June 23, 2019. Accessed February 1, 2019.
    39. North Korea nuclear talks: Hanoi to host Trump summit with Kim. BBC News. February 9, 2019. Accessed February 9, 2019.
    40. US-led strikes on Syria: What was hit? BBC News. April 16, 2018. Accessed February 1, 2019.
    41. Graham in Turkey after criticizing Trump's Syria withdrawal plans. CBS News. January 18, 2019. Accessed February 1, 2019.
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