Yosef Elron

Yosef Elron (Hebrew: יוֹסֵף אֶלְרוֹן‎, born 20 September 1955) is an Israeli judge who currently serves as a Justice in the Supreme Court of Israel.

Yosef Elron

Early life and education

Elron was born in Haifa, the youngest of nine children born to Ovadia and Tzadika Alfarih, Iraqi Jewish immigrants to Israel originally from Mosul. After graduating from "Erev Hadash" high school in Haifa, he served in the Israel Defense Forces from 1973 to 1977. After being discharged in 1977 with the rank of Lieutenant, he moved to the United Kingdom. He worked in various positions in security organizations from 1977 to 1980, and studied law at the University of Buckingham. After graduating with an LLB in 1983, he returned to Israel, where he clerked in a law firm and in the Haifa District Attorney's Office. He completed an MA in National Security Administration at the University of Haifa in 2001.[1]

After being admitted to the Israel Bar Association in 1985, Elron opened a law office in Haifa and practiced law as an attorney dealing in criminal and civil law from 1985 to 1994. In 1994, he was appointed a judge on the Haifa Magistrate's Court, and in 2003 was appointed a judge on the Haifa District Court. In 2010, while continuing to serve on the Haifa District Court, he was appointed a judge on the Military Court of Appeals as part of his military reserve duty, with the rank of Lieutenant Colonel. In 2012, he was appointed Deputy President of the Haifa District Court. The following year he was appointed President of that Court, and served in this role for over 4 years (July 2013-October 2017). As a District Court judge and as the President of the District Court, he heard dozens of severe crime cases as the Chair of the judicial panel.

In addition, he took part in various committees aiming to improve and optimize the Israel judicial system:  he chaired the Judicial Measurable Objectives committee; and served as a member of the Integration Committee of the Israel Judicial System Strategic Plan. He also served as a member of the judicial selection committee, and between the years 2014-2018 he served as the Chairman of the Israel Bar Association's Examination Committee.

In February 2017, Elron was appointed a Supreme Court Justice.[2] He assumed the position on 30 October 2017.

As a Supreme Court Justice, Supreme Court Chief Justice Esther Hayut requested Elron to chair a committee which was tasked to examine the interactions between judges and attorneys in legal proceedings that take place while conducting criminal investigations, before indicting a suspect. The Committee's conclusions underscored, among other things, the importance of transparency in legal proceedings. These later contributed to the formulation of new Rules of Conduct, which came into force during September 2018, and wished to provide comprehensive guidelines as to the proper nature of the interactions between judges and attorneys.[3]

Elron often reiterates the importance of the relationship between the Courts and the individual citizen, for which "the encounter with the courts is, often, a charged and exciting encounter, and sometimes the most dramatic encounter in his life".[4] In this context, he expressed concern of a great deal of distrust among the public in the judicial system as a whole, and stressed that the judicial system should strive to gain public trust, on which its legitimacy is based on.[5]

This general approach is rooted in his rulings in various fields of law, as he frequently strives to empower citizens who suffer mistreatment from government authorities.[6]

Justice Elron's rulings in criminal law are characterized by a strict and uncompromising defense of defendants' rights. In several cases Justice Elron criticized the investigative authorities, which exceeded their authority and violated the rights of defendants and suspects.[7]

Alongside this, Justice Elron does not spare criticism for the continuance of criminal proceedings in the courts while the defendant is in custody, and has often called on the courts to speed up the hearings and bring the proceedings to an end.[8]

At the same time, Justice Elron espouses a conservative jurisprudence, while emphasizing that "the court reviewing an administrative decision does not replace the administrative authority's discretion in making its own decision, and does not interfere with the decision even if a better decision could be made." In his view, "the role of the court is based on examining the reasonableness of the decision and its decision process, in a manner that examines whether defects that justify its cancellation."[9]

Particularly, his judgments underscore the wide discretion given to the prosecution authorities in deciding whether to open a criminal investigation as in deciding whether to prosecute a person.[10]

In one case, Justice Elron ruled that the Attorney General's decision not to prosecute General Security Services Interrogators for torture should not be overturned by the Court. Elron found that the interrogated suspect's descriptions of the measures used against him were not proven; and that the "special measures" admitted by the Security Services were necessary for the immediate thwarting of "a tangible threat of harm to human life". The ruling also rejected the petition for cancellation of the Security Services directive, allowing investigators to consult with senior officials about their use of "special measures" during the interrogations.[11] Request for further hearing on the ruling was rejected by Supreme Court Chief Justice Esther Hayut.[12]

Justice Elron authored the following articles:[13]

  • The Investigating Judge Under the Investigation of Causes of Death Law, 5718-1958 SHAMGAR'S BOOK – Articles, Part II (The Israel Bar Association Publishing House, 5763-2003): In this article, he reviewed the court rulings in relation to the cause of death investigation by a judge, and discussed the increasing use of this procedure and the application of the actual law.
  • Acceptance of Evidence not under Law Procedure ADI AZAR'S BOOK – 12 HAMISHPAT (2007): In this paper, Elron discussed the legal framework for submitting evidence of non-compliance with focus on criminal law, and suggested that in deciding the trial court's decision to allow further non-timely evidence, it would consider the standards that guide the appeals Court.
  • Probation Survey and Victim Survey: Legal and Ethical Considerations in ISSUES IN PSYCHOLOGY, LAW AND ETHICS IN ISRAEL, DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT AND JUDGMENT (Diunon Publishing House, 2008): In this article, he discussed the difficulty of making the content of the reports in the course of the criminal proceedings public, and suggested, among other things, that the authors of the reports and the professional opinion expressed their views on the matter when submitting their reports.
  • Opposing Psychiatric Opinions – The Considerations Underlying the Judicial Decision in APPLIED ISSUES IN LEGAL PSYCHOLOGY (Probook Publishing House, 2011): In this article, Elron offered a number of rules of thumb to decide between conflicting psychiatric opinions, and demonstrated them through court rulings on the matter.

References
  1. "Elron, Yosef - Cardozo Israeli Supreme Court Project". versa.cardozo.yu.edu.
  2. מענית, חן. "הוועדה הכריעה: אלה ארבעת השופטים החדשים שימונו לעליון". גלובס.
  3. "ממשק העבודה בין שופטים ובין גורמי תביעה וחקירה בבקשות לפני הגשת כתב אישום" (PDF).
  4. Yosef Elron, Speech to the Israeli Public Law Association - Abbreviated Version, January 26, 2016
  5. Yosef Elron, Speeches at the Opening Ceremony – Haifa branch of the Israel Bar Association, October 24, 2013
  6. Netael Bandel, "Top Court Accepts 'Disturbing Pattern' of Yemenite Children's Disappearance in Israel's Early Years", Haaretz https://supremedecisions.court.gov.il/Home/Download?path=HebrewVerdicts\18/510/017/R13&fileName=18017510.R13&type=4 https://supremedecisions.court.gov.il/Home/Download?path=HebrewVerdicts\17\610\087\a20&fileName=17087610.A20&type=4 https://supremedecisions.court.gov.il/Home/Download?path=HebrewVerdicts\18\350\057\j14&fileName=18057350.J14&type=4 https://supremedecisions.court.gov.il/Home/Download?path=HebrewVerdicts\19\170\079\j10&fileName=19079170.J10&type=4 https://supremedecisions.court.gov.il/Home/Download?path=HebrewVerdicts\18\120\056\j02&fileName=18056120.J02&type=4
  7. Stuart Winer & TOI Staff, "Supreme Court questions validity of police warrant to search PM aides’ phones", Times of Israel (Dec. 25, 2019) https://supremedecisions.court.gov.il/Home/Download?path=HebrewVerdicts\18\120\056\j02&fileName=18056120.J02&type=4
  8. https://supremedecisions.court.gov.il/Home/Download?path=HebrewVerdicts\18\770\038\j03&fileName=18038770.J03&type=2
  9. https://supremedecisions.court.gov.il/Home/Download?path=HebrewVerdicts\16/100/073/J11&fileName=16073100.J11&type=4 https://supremedecisions.court.gov.il/Home/Download?path=HebrewVerdicts\18/600/014/J02&fileName=18014600.J02&type=4 https://supremedecisions.court.gov.il/Home/Download?path=HebrewVerdicts\19/220/001/A11&fileName=19001220.A11&type=4 https://supremedecisions.court.gov.il/Home/Download?path=HebrewVerdicts\15/250/065/O43&fileName=15065250.O43&type=4
  10. https://supremedecisions.court.gov.il/Home/Download?path=HebrewVerdicts\19\430\019\j03&fileName=19019430.J03&type=2 https://supremedecisions.court.gov.il/Home/Download?path=HebrewVerdicts\19\070\019\j04&fileName=19019070.J04&type=2 https://supremedecisions.court.gov.il/Home/Download?path=HebrewVerdicts\18\960\067\j07&fileName=18067960.J07&type=2 https://supremedecisions.court.gov.il/Home/Download?path=HebrewVerdicts\18\470\068\j06&fileName=18068470.J06&type=2 https://supremedecisions.court.gov.il/Home/Download?path=HebrewVerdicts\18\160\015\j06&fileName=18015160.J06&type=2
  11. https://versa.cardozo.yu.edu/sites/default/files/upload/opinions/Tbeish%20v.%20Attorney%20General.pdf
  12. https://supremedecisions.court.gov.il/Home/Download?path=HebrewVerdicts\18/050/091/V03&fileName=18091050.V03&type=4
  13. "Elron, Yosef - Cardozo Israeli Supreme Court Project".
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