Williams FJ44

The Williams FJ44 is a family of small, two-spool, turbofan engines produced by Williams International/Rolls-Royce for the light business jet market. Until the recent boom in the very light jet market, the FJ44 was one of the smallest turbofans available for civilian applications. Although basically a Williams design, Rolls-Royce was brought into the project, at an early stage, to design, develop and manufacture an air-cooled high-pressure (HP) turbine for the engine. The FJ44 first flew on July 12, 1988 on the Scaled Composites/Beechcraft Triumph aircraft.

FJ44
A Williams FJ44-3ATW turbofan engine
Type Turbofan
National origin United States
Manufacturer Williams International
First run 1985[1]
Major applications Beechcraft Premier I
Cessna CitationJet
Piper PiperJet Altaire
Saab 105
Grob G180 SPn
Pilatus PC-24
Developed into Williams FJ33

The Williams FJ33 is a newer, smaller engine based on the basic FJ44 design.

Design and development

Production started in 1992 with the 1,900 lbf (8.5 kN) thrust FJ44-1A, which comprises a 20.9 in (530 mm) diameter single stage blisk fan plus a single intermediate pressure (IP) booster stage, driven by a 2 stage low pressure (LP) turbine, supercharging a single stage centrifugal high pressure (HP) compressor, driven by a single stage uncooled high pressure (HP) turbine. The combustor is an impingement cooled annular design. Fuel is delivered to the combustor through an unusual rotating fuel nozzle system, rather than the standard fuel-air mixers or vapourisers. The bypass duct runs the full length the engine. Specific fuel consumption at 1900 lbf (8.45 kN) thrust at SLS, ISA is understood to be 0.456 lb/(hr lbf). A derated version, the 1,500 lbf (6.7 kN) thrust FJ44-1C has an SFC of 0.460 lb/lbf/h (46.9 kg/kN/h).[2][3]

An uprated version, the 2,300 lbf (10 kN) thrust FJ44-2A, was introduced in 1997. It has a larger 21.7 in (550 mm) diameter fan, with two additional booster stages to increase core flow. Owing to stressing considerations, the centrifugal compressor is throttled-back aerodynamically to a lower HPC pressure ratio than the -1. Other features include an exhaust mixer and an electronic fuel control unit.[4] The 2,400 lbf (11 kN) thrust FJ44-2C is similar to the -2A, but incorporates an integrated hydromechanical fuel control unit.

Further updates include the 2004 introduction of the 2,820 lbf (12.5 kN) thrust FJ44-3A, which is similar to the -2A, but features an increased diameter fan and dual channel FADEC (Full Authority Digital Engine Control) unit.[5] The 2,490 lbf (11.1 kN) thrust FJ44-3A-24 is a derated version of the -3A.

In 2005, a new low end version, the FJ44-1AP, was introduced, with a 1,965 lbf (8.74 kN) takeoff thrust, 5% better specific fuel consumption, and lower internal temperatures. The -1AP is similar to the -1A, except for a higher pressure ratio fan, a new combustor and LP turbine, a new full length bypass duct/exhaust mixer and a dual channel FADEC.[6]

Released in 2007 was the new 3,600 lbf (16 kN) thrust FJ44-4, which has a hi-tech fan of larger diameter than the -3 unit.[7] As of March 2010, this engine was only in use on the Cessna CJ4, and since 2018 also on the new Pilatus PC-24.

Variants
FJ44-1A
FJ44-1AP
FJ44-1C
FJ44-2A
FJ44-2C
FJ44-3A
FJ44-3AP
FJ44-4A
FJ44-4M
F129
Military designation for the derated FJ44-1C with 1500lbf (6.672kN) power output.

Applications
2,000 CitationJets have been delivered by June 2017[8]
VariantApplicationTypeDeliveries
FJ44-1[9] Cessna CitationJet CJ1/CJ1+/M2Business Jet1993-
SAAB Sk60Jet Trainerre-engine
FJ44-2[10] Beechcraft Premier 1ABusiness Jet2001-2012
Cessna CitationJet CJ2Business Jet2000-2005
Cessna Citation 501SPBusiness Jetre-engine[lower-alpha 1]
Cessna Citation 550Business Jetre-engine[lower-alpha 2]
Scaled Composites ProteusExperimental1998
Syberjet SJ30Business Jet2007-2009
Learjet 25Business Jetre-engine[lower-alpha 3]
Virgin Atlantic GlobalFlyerExperimental2005
FJ44-3[11] Cessna CitationJet CJ2+/CJ3+Business Jet2004-
Cessna Citation 550Business Jetre-engine[lower-alpha 4]
Nextant 400XTiBusiness Jetre-engine
FJ44-4[12] Cessna CitationJet CJ4Business Jet2010-
Hawker 400XPRBusiness Jetre-engine
Pilatus PC-24Business Jet2018-
not delivered Aero L-39NGJet Trainerunder development
Alenia Aermacchi M-345Jet TrainerUnder development
Cessna 526 CitationJet[lower-alpha 5]Jet Trainer2 prototypes
Eviation Jets EV-20 Vantage JetBusiness Jet1 prototype
Grob G180 SPnBusiness Jet4 prototypes
Hawker 200Business JetCancelled
Lockheed Martin PolecatDroneCrashed
Lockheed Martin RQ-3 DarkStarDroneCancelled
Piper PA-47 PiperJet/AltaireBusiness Jet1 prototype
Scaled Composites TriumphBusiness Jet1 prototype
  1. Sierra Industries FJ44 Stallion
  2. Sierra Industries FJ44 Eagle II
  3. SpiritWing
  4. Sierra Industries Super II/S-II
  5. as F129

Specification
Type Certificate Data Sheet[13]
Variant FJ44-1AP[14] FJ44-2[15] FJ44-3[16] FJ44-4[17]
ConfigurationTwin-spool turbofan with 1-stage fan and annular combustor
LP compressor1-stage axial3-stage axial
HP compressor1-stage centrifugal
Turbine1-stage HP, 2-stage LP
Thrust 1,900–2,100 lbf (8.5–9.3 kN) 2,300–2,400 lbf (10.2–10.7 kN) 3,000 lbf (13.3 kN) 3,600 lbf (16.0 kN)
Weight 460 lb (209 kg) 520–530 lb (236–240 kg) 516–535 lb (234–243 kg) 658 lb (298 kg)
Length 41.4 in (105 cm) 47.2 in (120 cm) 48.0 in (122 cm) 52.8 in (134 cm)
Diameter 20.7 in (53 cm) 21.8 in (55 cm) 23.0 in (58 cm) 25.3 in (64 cm)

See also

Related development

Related lists

References
  1. "Williams Imagines Future Concept". Flight International. 12 October 1985. Retrieved 6 April 2017.
  2. FJ44-1 at www.williams-int.com, Accessed 2006-05-07
  3. FJ44 for military trainer aircraft at defence.rolls-royce.com, Accessed 2006-05-07
  4. FJ44-2 at www.williams-int.com, Accessed 2006-05-07
  5. FJ44-3 at www.williams-int.com, Accessed 2006-05-07
  6. FJ44-1AP at www.williams-int.com, Accessed 2006-05-07
  7. FJ44-4 at www.williams-int.com, Accessed 2010-03-12
  8. "Textron Aviation celebrates light jet leadership with 2,000th delivery for Cessna CJ family" (Press release). Textron Aviation. June 8, 2017.
  9. "Airplanes with the FJ44-1 Engine". Williams International.
  10. "Airplanes with the FJ44-2 Engine". Williams International.
  11. "Airplanes with the FJ44-3 Engine". Williams International.
  12. "Airplanes with the FJ44-4 Engine". Williams International.
  13. "Type Certificate Data Sheet NO. E3GL" (PDF). FAA. October 4, 2018.
  14. "FJ44-1AP". Williams International.
  15. "FJ44-2". Williams International.
  16. "FJ44-3". Williams International.
  17. "FJ44-4". Williams International.
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