Vice Presidency of Joe Biden

The vice presidency of Joe Biden lasted from 2009 to 2017, during the Barack Obama administration. Biden was the 47th Vice President of the United States, being twice elected alongside Barack Obama in 2008 and 2012.

See also: Presidency of Barack Obama

Vice Presidency of Joe Biden
January 20, 2009 – January 20, 2017
Vice PresidentJoe Biden
CabinetSee list
PartyDemocratic
Election2008, 2012
SeatNumber One Observatory Circle
← Dick Cheney • Mike Pence →
Seal of the Vice President
Official website
This article is part of
a series about
Joe Biden
Presidential campaigns
Vice presidential campaigns

2008 vice-presidential campaign
Main articles: Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign and 2008 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection
Biden speaks at the August 23, 2008, vice presidential announcement in Springfield, Illinois
Biden was nominated as the Democratic vice presidential candidate during the third night of the 2008 Democratic National Convention in Denver, Colorado.

Joe Biden ran for president of the United States in the 2008 election. Shortly following Biden's withdrawal from the presidential race, Barack Obama privately told him he was interested in finding an important place for Biden in his administration.[1] Biden declined Obama's first request to vet him for the vice-presidential slot, fearing the vice presidency would represent a loss in status and voice from his Senate position, but later changed his mind.[2][3] In a June 22, 2008, interview on NBC's Meet the Press, Biden confirmed that, although he was not actively seeking a spot on the ticket, he would accept the offer if it came.[4] In early August, Obama and Biden met in secret to discuss the possibility,[1] and developed a strong personal rapport.[5] On August 22, 2008, Obama announced that Biden would be his running mate.[6] The New York Times reported that the strategy behind the choice reflected a desire to fill out the ticket with someone with foreign policy and national security experience—and not to help the ticket win a swing state or to emphasize Obama's "change" message.[7] Others pointed out Biden's appeal to middle-class and blue-collar voters, as well as his willingness to aggressively challenge Republican nominee John McCain in a way that Obama seemed uncomfortable doing at times.[8][5] In accepting Obama's offer, Biden ruled out running for president again in 2016,[1] but his comments in later years seemed to back off that stance, as he did not want to diminish his political power by appearing uninterested in advancement.[9][10][11] Biden was officially nominated for vice president on August 27 by voice vote at the 2008 Democratic National Convention in Denver.[12]

After his selection as the vice-presidential candidate, Biden's Roman Catholic Diocese of Wilmington confirmed that even if elected vice president, he would not be allowed to speak at Catholic schools.[13] The bishop of his original hometown of Scranton, Pennsylvania, soon barred Biden from receiving Holy Communion because of his support for abortion rights,[14] but Biden continued to receive Communion at his local Delaware parish.[13] Scranton became a flashpoint in the competition for swing-state Catholic voters between the Democratic campaign and liberal Catholic groups, who stressed that other social issues should be considered as much as or more than abortion, and many bishops and conservative Catholics, who maintained abortion was paramount.[15] Biden said he believed life begins at conception but would not impose his religious views on others.[16] Bishop Saltarelli had previously said of stances like Biden's, "No one today would accept this statement from any public servant: 'I am personally opposed to human slavery and racism but will not impose my personal conviction in the legislative arena.' Likewise, none of us should accept this statement from any public servant: 'I am personally opposed to abortion but will not impose my personal conviction in the legislative arena.'"[13]

Biden's vice-presidential campaigning gained little media visibility, as far greater press attention was focused on the Republican running mate, Alaska Governor Sarah Palin.[17][18] During one week in September 2008, for instance, the Pew Research Center's Project for Excellence in Journalism found that Biden was included in only five percent of coverage of the race, far less than the other three candidates on the tickets received.[19] Biden nevertheless focused on campaigning in economically challenged areas of swing states and trying to win over blue-collar Democrats, especially those who had supported Hillary Clinton.[2][17] Biden attacked McCain heavily despite a long-standing personal friendship;[nb 1] he said, "That guy I used to know, he's gone. It literally saddens me."[17] As the financial crisis of 2007–2010 reached a peak with the liquidity crisis of September 2008 and the proposed bailout of the United States financial system became a major factor in the campaign, Biden voted in favor of the $700 billion Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008, which went on to pass in the Senate 74–25.[21]

On October 2, 2008, Biden participated in the vice-presidential debate with Palin at Washington University in St. Louis. Post-debate polls found that while Palin exceeded many voters' expectations, Biden had won the debate overall.[22]:655–661 On October 5, Biden suspended campaign events for a few days after the death of his mother-in-law.[23] During the campaign's final days, he focused on less populated, older, less well-off areas of battleground states, especially Florida, Ohio, and Pennsylvania, where polling indicated he was popular and where Obama had not campaigned or performed well in the Democratic primaries.[24][25][26] He also campaigned in some normally Republican states, as well as in areas with large Catholic populations.[26]

Under instructions from the Obama campaign, Biden kept his speeches succinct and tried to avoid offhand remarks, such as one about Obama's being tested by a foreign power soon after taking office, which had attracted negative attention.[24][25] Privately, Biden's remarks frustrated Obama. "How many times is Biden gonna say something stupid?" he asked.[27]:411–414, 419 Obama campaign staffers referred to Biden blunders as "Joe bombs" and kept Biden uninformed about strategy discussions, which in turn irked Biden.[11] Relations between the two campaigns became strained for a month, until Biden apologized on a call to Obama and the two built a stronger partnership.[27]:411–414 Publicly, Obama strategist David Axelrod said Biden's high popularity ratings had outweighed any unexpected comments.[28] Nationally, Biden had a 60% favorability rating in a Pew Research Center poll, compared to Palin's 44%.[24]

On November 4, 2008, Obama was elected president and Biden was elected vice president.[29] The Obama–Biden ticket won 365 electoral votes to McCain–Palin's 173,[30] and won 53% of the popular vote.[31]

Biden had continued to run for his Senate seat as well as for vice president,[32] as permitted by Delaware law.[33][nb 2] On November 4 he was also reelected to the Senate, defeating Republican Christine O'Donnell.[34] Having won both races, Biden made a point of holding off his resignation from the Senate so he could be sworn in for his seventh term on January 6, 2009.[35] He became the youngest senator ever to start a seventh full term, and said, "In all my life, the greatest honor bestowed upon me has been serving the people of Delaware as their United States senator."[35] Biden cast his last Senate vote on January 15, supporting the release of the second $350 billion for the Troubled Asset Relief Program.[36] Biden resigned from the Senate later that day;[nb 3] in emotional farewell remarks on the Senate floor, where he had spent most of his adult life, Biden said, "Every good thing I have seen happen here, every bold step taken in the 36-plus years I have been here, came not from the application of pressure by interest groups, but through the maturation of personal relationships."[40]

Delaware Governor Ruth Ann Minner appointed longtime Biden adviser Ted Kaufman to complete his term.[41] Kaufman chose not to run for a full term, allowing Democrat Chris Coons to succeed him after a special election in 2010.[42]

Post-election transition
Vice President-elect Biden meets with Vice President Dick Cheney at Number One Observatory Circle on November 13, 2008

On November 4, 2008, Biden was elected Vice President of the United States as Obama's running mate.

Soon after the election, he was appointed chairman of president-elect Obama's transition team. During the transition phase of the Obama administration, Biden said he was in daily meetings with Obama and that McCain was still his friend.[43] The U.S. Secret Service gave Biden the code name "Celtic", referring to his Irish roots.[44]

Biden chose veteran Democratic lawyer and aide Ron Klain as his chief of staff,[45] and Time Washington bureau chief Jay Carney as his director of communications.[46] He intended to eliminate some of the explicit roles assumed by his predecessor, Dick Cheney,[47] who had established himself as an autonomous power center.[2] Otherwise, Biden said he would not emulate any previous vice presidency, but would instead seek to provide advice and counsel on every critical decision Obama would make.[48] He said he was closely involved in all the cabinet appointments made during the transition.[48] Biden was also named to head the new White House Task Force on Working Families, an initiative to improve the middle class's economic well-being.[49] In his last act as Chairman of the Foreign Relations Committee, Biden went on a trip to Iraq, Afghanistan and Pakistan during the second week of January 2009, meeting with the leadership of those countries.[50]

First term (2009–2013)
Biden was sworn into office by Associate Justice John Paul Stevens on January 20, 2009.
President Obama with Vice President Biden at the White House, February 2009

At noon on January 20, 2009, Biden became the 47th vice president of the United States, sworn into the office by Supreme Court Justice John Paul Stevens.[51] He is the first U.S. vice president from Delaware[52] and the first Roman Catholic to attain that office.[53][54]

In the early months of the Obama administration, Biden assumed the role of a behind-the-scenes counselor,[55] often adjudicating disputes among Obama's "team of rivals".[2] Obama compared Biden's efforts to a basketball player "who does a bunch of things that don't show up in the stat sheet".[55] Biden played a key role in gaining Senate support for several major pieces of legislation, and was a main factor in convincing Senator Arlen Specter to switch from a Republican to a Democrat.[56] Biden lost an internal debate to Secretary of State Hillary Clinton regarding his opposition to sending 21,000 new troops to the war in Afghanistan,[57][58] but his skepticism was still considered valuable in the administration,[3] and in 2009 Biden's views gained more influence as Obama reconsidered his Afghanistan strategy.[59]

Biden visited Iraq about every two months,[2] becoming the administration's point man in delivering messages to Iraqi leadership about expected progress in the country.[3] More generally, overseeing Iraq policy became Biden's responsibility: Obama was said to have said, "Joe, you do Iraq."[60] Biden said Iraq "could be one of the great achievements of this administration".[61] His January 2010 visit to Iraq in the midst of turmoil over banned candidates from the upcoming Iraqi parliamentary election resulted in 59 of the several hundred candidates being reinstated by the Iraqi government two days later.[62] By 2012, Biden had made eight trips there, but his oversight of U.S. policy in Iraq receded with the exit of U.S. troops in 2011.[63][64]

Biden was also in charge of the oversight role for infrastructure spending from the Obama stimulus package intended to help counteract the ongoing recession, and stressed that only worthy projects should get funding.[65] He talked with hundreds of governors, mayors, and other local officials in this role.[63] During this period, Biden was satisfied that no major instances of waste or corruption had occurred,[3] and when he completed that role in February 2011, he said the number of fraud incidents with stimulus monies had been less than one percent.[66]

President Obama congratulates Biden for his role in shaping the debt ceiling deal that led to the Budget Control Act of 2011
Biden, Obama and the national security team gathered in the White House Situation Room to monitor the progress of the May 2011 mission to kill Osama bin Laden.

In late April 2009, Biden's off-message response to a question during the beginning of the swine flu outbreak, that he would advise family members against traveling on airplanes or subways, led to a swift retraction by the White House.[67] The remark revived Biden's reputation for gaffes.[68][59][69] Confronted with rising unemployment through July 2009, Biden acknowledged that the administration had "misread how bad the economy was" but maintained confidence the stimulus package would create many more jobs once the pace of expenditures picked up.[70] On March 23, 2010, a microphone picked up Biden telling the president that his signing the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act was "a big fucking deal" during live national news telecasts. White House press secretary Robert Gibbs replied via Twitter "And yes Mr. Vice President, you're right ..."[71] Despite their different personalities, Obama and Biden formed a friendship, partly based around Obama's daughter Sasha and Biden's granddaughter Maisy, who attended Sidwell Friends School together.[11]

Members of the Obama administration said Biden's role in the White House was to be a contrarian and force others to defend their positions.[72] Rahm Emanuel, White House chief of staff, said that Biden typically countered groupthink in the administration.[55] Jay Carney, Biden's former communications director appointed White House press secretary, said Biden played the role of "the bad guy in the Situation Room".[72] Another senior Obama advisor said Biden "is always prepared to be the skunk at the family picnic to make sure we are as intellectually honest as possible."[3] Obama said, "The best thing about Joe is that when we get everybody together, he really forces people to think and defend their positions, to look at things from every angle, and that is very valuable for me."[3] On June 11, 2010, Biden represented the United States at the opening ceremony of the World Cup, attended the England v. U.S. game, and visited Egypt, Kenya, and South Africa.[73] The Bidens maintained a relaxed atmosphere at their official residence in Washington, often entertaining some of their grandchildren, and regularly returned to their home in Delaware.[74]

Biden campaigned heavily for Democrats in the 2010 midterm elections, maintaining an attitude of optimism in the face of predictions of large-scale losses for the party.[75] Following big Republican gains in the elections and the departure of White House chief of staff Rahm Emanuel, Biden's past relationships with Republicans in Congress became more important.[76][77] He led the successful administration effort to gain Senate approval for the New START treaty.[76][77] In December 2010, Biden's advocacy for a middle ground, followed by his negotiations with Senate minority leader Mitch McConnell, were instrumental in producing the administration's compromise tax package that revolved around a temporary extension of the Bush tax cuts.[77][78] Biden then took the lead in trying to sell the agreement to a reluctant Democratic caucus in Congress.[77][79] The package passed as the Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of 2010.

In foreign policy, Biden supported the NATO-led military intervention in Libya in 2011.[80] He has supported closer economic ties with Russia.[81]

In March 2011, Obama delegated Biden to lead negotiations between Congress and the White House in resolving federal spending levels for the rest of the year, and avoiding a government shutdown.[82] By May 2011, a "Biden panel" with six congressional members was trying to reach a bipartisan deal on raising the U.S. debt ceiling as part of an overall deficit reduction plan.[83][84] The U.S. debt ceiling crisis developed over the next couple months, but it was again Biden's relationship with McConnell that proved a key factor in breaking a deadlock and finally bringing about a deal to resolve it, in the form of the Budget Control Act of 2011, signed on August 2, 2011, the same day an unprecedented U.S. default had loomed.[85][86][87] Biden had spent the most time bargaining with Congress on the debt question of anyone in the administration,[86] and one Republican staffer said, "Biden's the only guy with real negotiating authority, and [McConnell] knows that his word is good. He was a key to the deal."[85]

Some reports suggest that Biden opposed to going forward with the May 2011 U.S. mission to kill Osama bin Laden,[63][88] lest failure adversely affect Obama's chances for a second term.[89][90] He took the lead in notifying Congressional leaders of the successful outcome.[91]

2012 reelection campaign
Main article: Barack Obama 2012 presidential campaign
Biden with President Barack Obama, July 2012

In October 2010, Biden said Obama had asked him to remain as his running mate for the 2012 presidential election.[75] But with Obama's popularity on the decline, White House chief of staff William M. Daley conducted some secret polling and focus group research in late 2011 on the idea of replacing Biden on the ticket with Hillary Clinton.[92] The notion was dropped when the results showed no appreciable improvement for Obama,[92] and White House officials later said Obama had never entertained the idea.[93]

Biden's May 2012 statement that he was "absolutely comfortable" with same-sex marriage gained considerable public attention in comparison to Obama's position, which had been described as "evolving".[94] Biden made his statement without administration consent, and Obama and his aides were quite irked, since Obama had planned to shift position several months later, in the build-up to the party convention, and since Biden had previously counseled the president to avoid the issue lest key Catholic voters be offended.[11][95][96][97] Gay rights advocates seized upon Biden's statement,[95] and within days, Obama announced that he too supported same-sex marriage, an action in part forced by Biden's unexpected remarks.[98] Biden apologized to Obama in private for having spoken out,[96][99] while Obama acknowledged publicly it had been done from the heart.[95] The incident showed that Biden still struggled at times with message discipline;[11] as Time wrote, "everyone knows [that] Biden's greatest strength is also his greatest weakness."[63] Relations were also strained between the campaigns when Biden appeared to use his position to bolster fundraising contacts for a possible run for president in 2016, and he ended up being excluded from Obama campaign strategy meetings.[92]

The Obama campaign nevertheless still valued Biden as a retail-level politician who could connect with disaffected, blue-collar workers and rural residents, and he had a heavy schedule of appearances in swing states as the Obama reelection campaign began in earnest in spring 2012.[100][63] An August 2012 remark before a mixed-race audience that Republican proposals to relax Wall Street regulations would "put y'all back in chains" led to a similar analysis of Biden's face-to-face campaigning abilities versus his tendency to go off track.[100][101][102] The Los Angeles Times wrote, "Most candidates give the same stump speech over and over, putting reporters if not the audience to sleep. But during any Biden speech, there might be a dozen moments to make press handlers cringe, and prompt reporters to turn to each other with amusement and confusion."[101] Time magazine wrote that Biden often went too far and that "Along with the familiar Washington mix of neediness and overconfidence, Biden's brain is wired for more than the usual amount of goofiness."[100]

Biden was officially nominated for a second term as vice president on September 6 by voice vote at the 2012 Democratic National Convention in Charlotte, North Carolina.[103] He faced his Republican counterpart, Representative Paul Ryan, in the vice-presidential debate on October 11 in Danville, Kentucky. There he made a feisty, emotional defense of the Obama administration's record and energetically attacked the Republican ticket, attempting to regain the momentum lost by Obama's unfocused debate performance against Republican nominee Mitt Romney the week before.[104][105]

On November 6, 2012, Obama and Biden were elected to second terms.[106] The ticket won 332 Electoral College votes to Romney–Ryan's 206 and 51% of the popular vote.[107]

Post-election

In December 2012, Obama named Biden to head the Gun Violence Task Force, created to address the causes of gun violence in the United States in the aftermath of the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting.[108] Later that month, during the final days before the United States fell off the "fiscal cliff", Biden's relationship with McConnell once more proved important as the two negotiated a deal that led to the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 being passed at the start of 2013.[109][110] It made many of the Bush tax cuts permanent but raised rates on upper income levels.[110]

Second term (2013–2017)
Biden visits Brazilian vice president Michel Temer, October 11, 2013
Biden with Turkish prime minister Ahmet Davutoğlu, December 31, 2014. Biden said the Kurdish PKK is a "terrorist group".[111]
Biden with Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu in Jerusalem, Israel, March 9, 2016

Biden was inaugurated to a second term on January 20, 2013, at a small ceremony in his official residence with Justice Sonia Sotomayor presiding (a public ceremony took place on January 21).[112] He continued to be in the forefront as, in the wake of the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting, the Obama administration put forth executive orders and proposed new gun control measures[113] (they failed to pass).[114]

Biden played little part in discussions that led to the October 2013 passage of the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2014, which resolved the federal government shutdown of 2013 and the debt-ceiling crisis of 2013. This was because Senate majority leader Harry Reid and other Democratic leaders cut him out of any direct talks with Congress, feeling Biden had given too much away during previous negotiations.[115][116][117]

Biden's Violence Against Women Act was reauthorized again in 2013. The act led to related developments, such as the White House Council on Women and Girls, begun in the first term, as well as the White House Task Force to Protect Students from Sexual Assault, begun in January 2014 with Biden and Valerie Jarrett as co-chairs.[118][119] Biden discussed federal guidelines on sexual assault on university campuses while giving a speech at the University of New Hampshire. He said, "No means no, if you're drunk or you're sober. No means no if you're in bed, in a dorm or on the street. No means no even if you said yes at first and you changed your mind. No means no."[120][121][122]

Biden favored arming Syria's rebel fighters.[123] As Iraq fell apart during 2014, renewed attention was paid to the Biden-Gelb Iraqi federalization plan of 2006, with some observers suggesting Biden had been right all along.[124][125] Biden himself said the U.S. would follow ISIL "to the gates of hell".[126] In October 2014, he said Turkey, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates had "poured hundreds of millions of dollars and tens of thousands of tons of weapons into anyone who would fight against Al-Assad, except that the people who were being supplied were al-Nusra, and al Qaeda, and the extremist elements of jihadis coming from other parts of the world."[127]

By 2015, a series of swearings-in and other events where Biden had placed his hands on women and girls and talked closely to them attracted attention both in the press and on social media.[128][129][130] In one case, a senator issued a statement afterward saying of his daughter, "No, she doesn't think the vice president is creepy."[131] On January 17, 2015, Secret Service agents heard shots fired as a vehicle drove near Biden's Delaware residence at 8:28 p.m. outside the security perimeter, but the Bidens were not home. An agent observed a vehicle speeding away.[132]

On May 30, 2015, Biden's son Beau Biden died at age 46 after having battled brain cancer for several years. In a statement, the Vice President's office said, "The entire Biden family is saddened beyond words."[133] The nature and seriousness of the illness had not been previously disclosed to the public, and Biden had quietly reduced his public schedule to spend more time with Beau. Before his death, Beau had been widely seen as the front-runner for the 2016 Democratic nomination for governor of Delaware.[134][135]

On December 8, 2015, Biden spoke in Ukraine's parliament in Kiev[136][137] in one of his many visits to set U.S. aid and policy stance on Ukraine.[138][139] On February 28, 2016, he gave a speech on sexual assault awareness at the 88th Academy Awards; he also introduced Lady Gaga.

In 2015, Speaker of the House John Boehner and Senate majority leader Mitch McConnell invited Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu to address a joint session of Congress without notifying the Obama administration. This defiance of protocol led Biden and more than 50 congressional Democrats to skip Netanyahu's speech.[140] But in March 2016, Biden spoke at the American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC) Policy Conference in Washington, D.C., saying, "We're all united by our unyielding—I mean literally unyielding—commitment to the survival, the security, and the success of the Jewish State of Israel."[141]

On May 15, 2016 Biden was awarded the Laetare Medal, considered the highest honor for American Catholics, by the University of Notre Dame. The medal was awarded in conjunction with John Boehner, Speaker of the United States House of Representatives. The two men were at the time the highest ranking Catholic government officials. [142][143]

On December 8, 2016, Biden went to Ottawa to meet with Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau.[144]

Biden never cast a tie-breaking vote in the Senate, making him the longest-serving vice president with this distinction.[145]

Role in the 2016 presidential campaign
Biden with Vice President-elect Mike Pence on November 10, 2016

During much of his second term, Biden was said to be preparing for a possible bid for the 2016 Democratic presidential nomination.[146] At age 74 on Inauguration Day in January 2017, he would have been the oldest president on inauguration in history.[147] With his family, many friends, and donors encouraging him in mid-2015 to enter the race, and with Hillary Clinton's favorability ratings in decline at that time, Biden was reported to again be seriously considering the prospect and a "Draft Biden 2016" PAC was established.[146][148][149]

As of September 11, 2015, Biden was still uncertain whether to run. He cited his son's recent death as a large drain on his emotional energy, and said, "nobody has a right ... to seek that office unless they're willing to give it 110% of who they are."[150]

On October 21, speaking from a podium in the Rose Garden with his wife and Obama by his side, Biden announced his decision not to run for president in 2016.[151][152][153] In January 2016, Biden affirmed that it was the right decision, but admitted to regretting not running for president "every day".[154]

As of the end of January 2016, neither Biden nor Obama had endorsed anyone in the 2016 presidential election. Biden missed his annual Thanksgiving tradition of going to Nantucket, opting instead to travel abroad and meet with several European leaders. He took time to meet with Martin O'Malley, having previously met with Bernie Sanders, both 2016 candidates. Neither of these meetings was considered an endorsement, as Biden had said he would meet with any candidate who asked.[155]

After Obama endorsed Clinton on June 9, 2016, Biden endorsed her later the same day.[156] Though Biden and Clinton were scheduled to campaign together in Scranton on July 8, Clinton canceled the appearance in light of the shooting of Dallas police officers the previous day.[157]

During the campaign season, Biden publicly displayed his disagreements with the policies of Republican presidential nominee Donald Trump. On June 20, Biden critiqued Trump's proposal to temporarily ban Muslims from entering the United States as well as his stated intent to build a wall along the border with Mexico, adding that Trump's suggestion to either torture and or kill family members of terrorists was damaging both to American values and "to our security".[158] During an interview with George Stephanopoulos at the 2016 Democratic National Convention on July 26, Biden asserted that "moral and centered" voters would not vote for Trump.[159] On October 21, the anniversary of his decision not to run, Biden said he wished he was still in high school so he could take Trump "behind the gym".[160] On October 24, Biden clarified he would have fought Trump only if he was still in high school,[161] and the following day, October 25, Trump responded that he would "love that".[162]

See also

Notes
  1. Biden admired McCain politically as well as personally; in May 2004, he had urged McCain to run as vice president with presumptive Democratic presidential nominee John Kerry, saying the cross-party ticket would help heal the "vicious rift" in U.S. politics.[20]
  2. Biden was the fourth person to run for Vice President and reelection to the Senate simultaneously after Lyndon Johnson, Lloyd Bentsen, and Joe Lieberman, and the second to have won both elections after Johnson.
  3. Delaware's Democratic governor, Ruth Ann Minner, announced on November 24, 2008, that she would appoint Biden's longtime senior adviser Ted Kaufman to succeed Biden in the Senate.[37] Kaufman said he would serve only two years, until Delaware's special Senate election in 2010.[37] Biden's son Beau ruled himself out of the 2008 selection process due to his impending tour in Iraq with the Delaware Army National Guard.[38] He was a possible candidate for the 2010 special election, but in early 2010 said he would not run for the seat.[39]

References
  1. Lizza, Ryan (October 20, 2008). "Biden's Brief". The New Yorker. Retrieved November 24, 2008.
  2. Traub, James (November 24, 2009). "After Cheney". The New York Times Magazine. p. MM34.
  3. Cummings, Jeanne (September 16, 2009). "Joe Biden, 'the skunk at the family picnic'". The Politico. Retrieved September 17, 2009.
  4. Mooney, Alexander (June 23, 2008). "Biden: I'd say yes to being VP". CNN. Retrieved August 23, 2008.
  5. Wolffe, Renegade, p. 217.
  6. Vargas, Jose Antonio (August 23, 2008). "Obama's veep message to supporters". The Washington Post. Associated Press. Retrieved August 23, 2008.
  7. Nagourney, Adam; Jeff Zeleny (August 23, 2008). "Obama Chooses Biden as Running Mate". The New York Times. Retrieved August 23, 2008.
  8. Dionne, E.J. (August 25, 2008). "Tramps Like Us: How Joe Biden will reassure working class voters and change the tenor of this week's convention". The New Republic. Archived from the original on August 28, 2008. Retrieved August 25, 2008.
  9. Travers, Karen (June 25, 2009). "VP Biden Keeping the Door Open for 2016?". Political Punch. ABC News. Archived from the original on October 17, 2010. Retrieved October 14, 2010.
  10. "Biden in 2016?". CNN. October 21, 2011. Retrieved October 29, 2011.
  11. Leibovich, Mark (May 8, 2012). "For a Blunt Biden, an Uneasy Supporting Role". The New York Times. p. 1.
  12. Gray, Alan (August 29, 2008). "Democrats Formally Nominate Barack Obama for U.S. Presidency". NewsBlaze.
  13. Westen, John-Henry (August 28, 2008). "Biden's Bishop Will not Permit Him, Even if Elected VP, to Speak at Catholic Schools". Catholic Exchange. Retrieved October 2, 2008.
  14. Kirkpatrick, David (September 16, 2008). "Abortion Issue Again Dividing Catholic Votes". The New York Times. Retrieved September 19, 2008.
  15. Kirkpatrick, David D. (October 4, 2008). "A Fight Among Catholics Over Which Party Best Reflects Church Teachings". The New York Times. Retrieved October 5, 2008.
  16. Phillips, Kate (September 7, 2008). "As a Matter of Faith, Biden Says Life Begins at Conception". The New York Times. Retrieved August 7, 2008.
  17. Leibovich, Mark (September 19, 2008). "Meanwhile, the Other No. 2 Keeps On Punching". The New York Times. Retrieved September 20, 2008.
  18. Tapper, Jake (September 14, 2008). "Joe Who?". ABC News. Archived from the original on September 15, 2008. Retrieved September 15, 2008.
  19. Jurkowitz, Mark (September 14, 2008). "Northern Exposure Still Dominates the News". Pew Research Center. Retrieved November 24, 2008.
  20. "McCain Urged to Join Kerry Ticket". NBC News. Reuters. May 16, 2004.
  21. "Senate Passes Economic Rescue Package". NY1. October 1, 2008. Archived from the original on October 5, 2008. Retrieved October 2, 2008.
  22. Witcover, Jules (2010). Joe Biden: A Life of Trial and Redemption. New York City: William Morrow. ISBN 978-0-06-179198-7.
  23. Marquardt, Alexander (October 5, 2008). "Biden's mother-in-law dies". CNN.
  24. Broder, John M. (October 30, 2008). "Hitting the Backroads, and Having Less to Say". The New York Times. Retrieved October 31, 2008.
  25. Tumulty, Karen (October 29, 2008). "Hidin' Biden: Reining In a Voluble No. 2". Time. Retrieved November 1, 2008.
  26. McGrane, Victoria (November 3, 2008). "Where have you gone, Joe Biden?". Politico. Retrieved November 3, 2008.
  27. Heilemann, John; Halperin, Mark (2010). Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime. New York: HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-06-173363-5.
  28. "Biden reliable running mate despite gaffes". Asbury Park Press. Associated Press. October 26, 2008.
  29. "Barack Obama wins presidential election". CNN. November 4, 2008. Retrieved November 5, 2008.
  30. Franke-Ruta, Garance (November 19, 2008). "McCain Takes Missouri". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 19, 2008.
  31. "President—Election Center 2008". CNN. Retrieved November 19, 2008.
  32. Chase, Randall (August 24, 2008). "Biden Wages 2 Campaigns At Once". Fox News. Associated Press. Retrieved August 29, 2008.
  33. Almanac of American Politics 2008, p. 366.
  34. Nuckols, Ben (November 4, 2008). "Biden wins 7th Senate term but may not serve". USA Today. Associated Press. Retrieved February 6, 2009.
  35. Gaudiano, Nicole (January 7, 2009). "A bittersweet oath for Biden". The News Journal. Archived from the original on February 12, 2009. Retrieved February 7, 2009.
  36. Turner, Trish (January 15, 2009). "Senate Releases $350 Billion in Bailout Funds to Obama". Fox News. Associated Press. Retrieved January 25, 2009.
  37. Milford, Phil (November 24, 2008). "Kaufman Picked by Governor to Fill Biden Senate Seat (Update 3)". Bloomberg News. Archived from the original on November 16, 2008. Retrieved November 24, 2008.
  38. Kraushaar, Josh (November 24, 2008). "Ted Kaufman to succeed Biden in Senate". Politico. Retrieved November 24, 2008.
  39. Hulse, Carl (January 25, 2010). "Biden's Son Will Not Run for Delaware's Open Senate Seat". The New York Times. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  40. Becker, Bernie (January 15, 2009). "Biden and Clinton Say Goodbye to Senate". The New York Times. Retrieved January 25, 2009.
  41. "Ted Kaufman". Ballotpedia. Retrieved April 25, 2020.
  42. "Chris Coons". Ballotpedia. Retrieved April 25, 2020.
  43. Marquardt, Alexander (November 6, 2008). "Biden talks transition, says McCain's 'still my friend'". CNN. Retrieved November 6, 2008.
  44. "'Secret' Obama code name revealed". BBC News. November 13, 2008. Retrieved November 17, 2008.
  45. Holland, Steve (November 13, 2008). "Biden picks former Gore aide as chief of staff". Reuters. Retrieved November 13, 2008.
  46. Calderone, Michael (December 15, 2008). "Report: Carney joins Biden team". Politico. Retrieved December 15, 2008.
  47. Lee, Carol E. (December 14, 2008). "Biden to shrink VP role—big time". Politico. Retrieved December 23, 2008.
  48. "Biden says he'll be different vice president". CNN. December 22, 2008. Retrieved December 22, 2008.
  49. Hornick, Ed; Levs, Josh (December 21, 2008). "What Obama promised Biden". CNN. Retrieved December 23, 2008.
  50. Lee, Carol E. (January 6, 2009). "'Senator' Biden's trip raises concerns". Politico. Retrieved January 9, 2009.
  51. "In culminating moment, Biden is vice president". OregonLive.com. Associated Press. January 20, 2009. Retrieved July 27, 2016.
  52. "Think you know your election trivia?". CNN. November 3, 2008. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
  53. "The First Catholic Vice President?". NPR. January 9, 2009. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
  54. Gaudiano, Nicole (November 6, 2008). "VP's home awaits if Biden chooses". The News Journal. Archived from the original on November 9, 2008. Retrieved November 8, 2008.
  55. Leibovich, Mark (March 28, 2009). "Speaking Freely, Biden Finds Influential Role". The New York Times. Retrieved March 31, 2009.
  56. Lee, Carol (April 29, 2009). "Biden worked on Specter '100 days'". Retrieved June 23, 2012.
  57. Dilanian, Ken (June 11, 2009). "In a supporting role, Clinton takes a low-key approach at State Dept". USA Today. Retrieved July 22, 2009.
  58. Smith, Ben (June 23, 2009). "Hillary Clinton toils in the shadows". Politico. Retrieved July 22, 2009.
  59. Bailey, Holly; Thomas, Evan (October 10, 2009). "An Inconvenient Truth Teller". Newsweek. Retrieved November 6, 2009.
  60. Osnos, Evan (August 12, 2014). "Breaking Up: Maliki and Biden". The New Yorker. Retrieved August 26, 2015.
  61. "Vice President Biden: Iraq "Could Be One of the Great Achievements of This Administration"". ABC News. February 11, 2010.
  62. "Iraq reinstates 59 election candidates". Agence France-Presse. January 25, 2010.
  63. Scherer, Michael (June 11, 2012). "Mo Joe". Time. pp. 26–30.
  64. Crowley, Michael (November 9, 2014). "The war over President Obama's new war in Iraq". Politico. Retrieved August 26, 2015.
  65. Scherer, Michael (July 1, 2009). "What Happened to the Stimulus?". Time. Retrieved July 8, 2009.
  66. Travers, Karen (February 17, 2011). "'Sheriff Joe' Biden Touts Recovery Act Success—and Hands Over His Badge". ABC News. Archived from the original on February 21, 2011. Retrieved March 19, 2011.
  67. Silva, Mark; =Parsons, Christi (May 1, 2009). "White House adjusts Biden's swine flu advice". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved May 28, 2009.
  68. "White House tempers Biden's swine flu advice". Boston Globe. May 1, 2009. Archived from the original on May 5, 2009. Retrieved May 28, 2009.
  69. Kurtzman, Daniel (May 8, 2009). "The Week's Best Late-Night Jokes". About.com. Retrieved May 28, 2009.
  70. "Biden: 'We misread how bad the economy was'". NBC News. Associated Press. July 5, 2009. Retrieved July 9, 2009.
  71. Herszenhorn, David M. (March 23, 2010). "At White House, Biden's Expletive Caught on Open Mic". The New York Times. Retrieved March 23, 2010.
  72. Baker, Peter (April 28, 2019). "Biden and Obama's 'Odd Couple' Relationship Aged Into Family Ties". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 26, 2020.
  73. "Biden visits South Africa as World Cup begins". CNN. June 12, 2010. Retrieved June 13, 2010.
  74. Parnes, Amie (June 28, 2011). "Joe and Jill Biden's 'regular' lives". Politico. Retrieved June 28, 2011.
  75. Stolberg, Sheryl Gay (October 12, 2010). "Vice President Tries to Energize Democrats". The New York Times. Retrieved October 14, 2010.
  76. Lee, Carol E.; =Bresnahan, John (December 9, 2010). "Joe Biden expands role as White House link to Congress". Politico. Retrieved December 10, 2010.
  77. Cooper, Helene (December 11, 2010). "As the Ground Shifts, Biden Plays a Bigger Role". The New York Times. Retrieved December 13, 2010.
  78. Hulse, Carl; Calmes, Jackie (December 7, 2010). "Biden and G.O.P. Leader Helped Hammer Out Bipartisan Tax Accord". The New York Times. Retrieved December 8, 2010.
  79. Herszenhorn, David M.; Stolberg, Sheryl Gay (December 7, 2010). "Democrats Skeptical of Obama on New Tax Plan". The New York Times. Retrieved December 8, 2010.
  80. Memoli, Michael A. (October 20, 2011). "Kadafi death: Joe Biden says 'NATO got it right' in Libya". Los Angeles Times.
  81. "Biden backs Russia WTO bid, praises Medvedev". Reuters. March 9, 2011.
  82. "Obama Welcomes Budget Deal; Biden to Lead Talks". CNBC. Reuters. March 2, 2011. Archived from the original on July 29, 2012. Retrieved March 9, 2011.
  83. Reid, Tim (May 16, 2011). "Q+A: Debt and deficit talks in early stages". Reuters. Retrieved May 17, 2011.
  84. Gaudiano, Nicole (May 4, 2011). "Biden tasked with achieving consensus on cutting deficit". The News Journal. Retrieved May 17, 2011.
  85. Thrush, Glenn; Brown, Carrie Budoff; Raju, Manu; Bresnahan, John (August 2, 2011). "Joe Biden, Mitch McConnell and the making of a debt deal". Politico. Retrieved August 4, 2011.
  86. "The real drama was in private as debt deal hatched". Fox News. Associated Press. August 3, 2011. Retrieved August 4, 2011.
  87. Bohan, Caren Bohan; Sullivan, Andy; Ferraro, Thomas (August 3, 2011). "Special report: How Washington took the U.S. to the brink". Reuters. Retrieved August 4, 2011.
  88. Weigel, David (January 10, 2014). "Hillary Told the President That Her Opposition to the Surge in Iraq Had Been Political". Slate.
  89. Thiessen, Marc A. (October 8, 2012). "Biden's Bin Laden Hypocrisy". The Washington Post. Retrieved August 29, 2015.
  90. Perks, Ashley (June 1, 2018). "Hillary Clinton's 'ass-covering' on bin Laden raid 'rattled' Biden". TheHill. Retrieved April 29, 2019.
  91. "Osama Bin Laden dead; President Obama addresses nation". Times Herald-Record. NewsCore. May 2, 2011. Retrieved May 17, 2011.
  92. Martin, Jonathan (October 31, 2013). "Book Details Obama Aides' Talks About Replacing Biden on 2012 Ticket". The New York Times.
  93. Allen, Jonathan (November 1, 2013). "W.H.: Obama never considered dropping Joe Biden". Politico. Archived from the original on November 4, 2013. Retrieved November 3, 2013.
  94. Parsons, Christi (May 6, 2012). "Biden 'comfortable' with equal rights for gays who wed". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved May 8, 2012.
  95. "AP source: Biden apologizes to Obama over comments". Fox News. Associated Press. May 10, 2012. Retrieved May 16, 2012.
  96. Thrush, Glenn (August 20, 2012). "Politico e-book: Obama campaign roiled by conflict". Politico.
  97. Thursh, Glenn (August 23, 2012). "6 hidden fault lines in President Obama's campaign". Politico.
  98. Calmes, Jackie; Baker, Peter (May 9, 2012). "Obama Says Same-Sex Marriage Should Be Legal". The New York Times. Retrieved May 10, 2012.
  99. "Joe Biden Reportedly Apologized To Obama Over Gay Marriage Comments". Huffington Post. Associated Press. May 10, 2012. Archived from the original on May 28, 2013. Retrieved May 11, 2013.
  100. Von Drehle, David (September 10, 2012). "Let There Be Joe". Time. pp. 41–43.
  101. Memoli, Michael A. (August 17, 2012). "Biden's unscripted moments keep campaign on its toes". Los Angeles Times.
  102. Martin, Jonathan (August 16, 2012). "Mission Impossible: Managing Joe Biden". Politico.
  103. Siegel, Elyse (September 6, 2012). "Beau Biden Speech Kicks Of Motion To Nominate Father Joe Biden For Vice President". Huffington Post.
  104. O'Brien, Michael (October 11, 2012). "Biden plays aggressor in debate as Ryan makes GOP case". NBC News.
  105. "Sparks fly as Biden, Ryan face off in feisty vice presidential debate". Fox News. October 11, 2012.
  106. "Obama defeats Romney to win second term, vows he has 'more work to do'". Fox News. November 7, 2012.
  107. Memoli, Michael A. (January 4, 2013). "It's official: Obama, Biden win second term". Los Angeles Times.
  108. Caldwell, Leigh Ann (December 19, 2012). "Obama sets up gun violence task force". CBS News.
  109. Demirjian, Karoun (January 1, 2013). "It's over: House passes 'fiscal cliff' deal". Las Vegas Sun.
  110. Fram, Alan (January 2, 2013). "Congress' OK of fiscal cliff deal gives Obama a win, prevents GOP blame for tax boosts". Star Tribune. Minneapolis. Associated Press. Archived from the original on January 5, 2013.
  111. "Biden says Kurdish PKK is a 'terror group plain and simple'". Deutsche Welle. January 23, 2016.
  112. Rampton, Roberta (January 20, 2013). "Vice President Biden sworn into office for second term". Reuters.
  113. Scherer, Michael (January 28, 2013). "The Next Gun Fight". Time. Cover story.
  114. Weisman, Jonathan (April 17, 2013). "Senate Blocks Drive for Gun Control". The New York Times.
  115. Bresnahan, John; Manu, Raju; Sherman, Jake; Brown, Carrie Budoff (October 18, 2013). "Anatomy of a shutdown". Politico.
  116. Gaudiano, Nicole (October 13, 2013). "Biden mostly out of sight as shutdown drags on". USA Today.
  117. Bowman, Bridget (October 14, 2013). "Biden takes a back seat during budget negotiations over shutdown". PBS NewsHour. PBS.
  118. "Rape and sexual assault: A renewed call to action" (PDF). The White House. January 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 24, 2016. Retrieved August 24, 2016.
  119. "Memorandum: Establishing White House Task Force to Protect Students from Sexual Assault" (Press release). obamawhitehouse.archives.gov. January 22, 2014. Retrieved June 10, 2014.
  120. Hayes, Dianne (2012). "Looking The Other Way?". Diverse: Issues in Higher Education.
  121. Elaine Grant (April 5, 2011). "Federal Effort Targets Sexual Assaults At Colleges". National Public Radio NPR. Retrieved April 5, 2019. BIDEN: Look, guys, no matter what a girl does, no matter how she's dressed, no matter how much she's had to drink, it's never, never, never, never, never OK to touch her without her consent.
  122. Ashe Schow (April 4, 2019). "Biden Reaps the #MeToo Whirlwind". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved April 5, 2019. While speaking to students at the University of New Hampshire in 2011, then-Vice President Joe Biden told men in the audience that "no matter what a girl does, no matter how she's dressed, no matter how much she's had to drink—it's never, never, never, never, never OK to touch her without her consent."
  123. Friedersdorf, Conor (September 18, 2014). "Who to Blame If Arming the Syrian Rebels Goes Wrong". The Atlantic.
  124. Gerstein, Josh (June 13, 2014). "Was Joe Biden right?". Politico. Retrieved September 14, 2014.
  125. Kitfield, James (January 30, 2014). "Turns Out, Joe Biden Was Right About Dividing Iraq". National Journal. Retrieved September 14, 2014.
  126. Grier, Peter (September 3, 2014). "Joe Biden vows to chase Islamic State to 'gates of hell'. Does he mean it?". The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved September 14, 2014.
  127. "Joe Biden Is the Only Honest Man in Washington". Foreign Policy. October 7, 2014.
  128. Henderson, Nia-Malika (February 17, 2015). "Joe Biden takes 'being Biden' to new heights (or depths)". The Washington Post.
  129. Peralta, Eyder (February 17, 2015). "Joe Biden Gets A Bit Too Close To New Secretary Of Defense's Wife". NPR.
  130. Visentin, Lisa (February 18, 2015). "US Vice-President Joe Biden in new 'creepy' photo with wife of Defence Secretary Ashton Carter". The Sydney Morning Herald.
  131. Henderson, Nia-Malika (January 11, 2015). "Coons: My daughter doesn't think Joe Biden is 'creepy'". The Washington Post.
  132. Yack, Angie (January 18, 2015). "Delaware shooting occurs near unoccupied Biden home". CNN.
  133. Kane, Paul (May 30, 2015). "Beau Biden, vice president's son, dies of brain cancer". The Washington Post.
  134. Starkey, Jonathan (November 8, 2014). "Delaware's 2016 speculation all about Biden". Delaware Online. Retrieved November 9, 2014.
  135. Starkey, Jonathan (January 26, 2015). "Beau Biden for governor?". Delaware Online. Retrieved January 27, 2015.
  136. Joe Biden english speech in Ukraine's parliament in Kiev. December 8, 2015. Retrieved December 8, 2015 – via YouTube.
  137. "U.S. Vice President Joe Biden's Dec. 8 speech to Ukraine's parliament (VIDEO, TRANSCRIPT)". kyivpost.com. December 8, 2015. Retrieved December 8, 2015.
  138. Bershidsky, Leonid (January 25, 2018). "How Ukraine's President Fooled Joe Biden". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved January 30, 2018.
  139. In March 2016 testimony to the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, former ambassador to Ukraine John E. Herbst stated, "By late fall of 2015, the EU and the United States joined the chorus of those seeking Mr. Shokin's removal" and that Joe Biden "spoke publicly about this before and during his December visit to Kyiv." During the same hearing, assistant secretary of state Victoria Nuland stated, "we have pegged our next $1 billion loan guarantee, first and foremost, to having a rebooting of the reform coalition so that we know who we are working with, but secondarily, to ensuring that the prosecutor general's office gets cleaned up." https://www.foreign.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/03%2015%2016%20Ukrainian%20Reforms%20Two%20Years%20After%20the%20Maidan%20Revolution%20and%20the%20Russian%20Invasion.pdf
  140. Jaffe, Alexandra. "The list of Democrats skipping Netanyahu's speech". CNN. Retrieved February 26, 2020.
  141. Reznik, Ethan (April 27, 2016). "Special Report: AIPAC Policy Conference strengthens American-Israel alliance". Webb Canyon Chronicle. Claremont, California. Retrieved July 23, 2019.
  142. May 16, Religion News Service (May 16, 2016). "Biden, Boehner receive high Catholic honor". NewBostonPost. Retrieved July 31, 2020.
  143. "Joe Biden and John Boehner: Our Faith Inspires Political Compromise". Time. Retrieved July 31, 2020.
  144. Hall, Chris (December 8, 2016). "Joe Biden drops in for a visit without any gifts: Chris Hall". cbcnews.ca. CBC. Retrieved December 8, 2016.
  145. Bycoffe, Aaron (February 7, 2017). "Pence Has Already Done Something Biden Never Did: Break A Senate Tie". FiveThirtyEight. Twelve vice presidents, including Biden, never broke a tie; Biden was the longest-serving vice president to never do so.
  146. Itkowitz, Colby (March 23, 2015). "There is a 'Draft Joe Biden' Super PAC Now; It's Even Hiring a Fundraiser". Washington Post. Retrieved August 2, 2015.
  147. "Calculate duration between two dates—results". timeanddate.com.
  148. Dowd, Maureen (August 1, 2015). "Joe Biden in 2016: What Would Beau Do?". The New York Times.
  149. Zeleny, Jeff; Liptak, Kevin (August 1, 2015). "Joe Biden Keeps Watchful Eye on 2016 Race". CNN. Retrieved August 2, 2015.
  150. "Joe Biden still undecided on presidential run". BBC News. September 11, 2015.
  151. Mason, Jeff (October 21, 2015). "Biden says he will not seek 2016 Democratic nomination". aol.com. Thomson Reuters. Retrieved October 21, 2015.
  152. "Comment Joe Biden Is Not Running For President In 2016". Huffington Post. Retrieved October 21, 2015.
  153. "Joe Biden Decides Not to Enter Presidential Race". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved October 21, 2015.
  154. Fabian, Jordan (January 6, 2016). "Biden regrets not running for president 'every day'". TheHill. Retrieved January 12, 2017.
  155. Baker, Peter; Haberman, Maggie (November 24, 2015). "Joe Biden Skips Thanksgiving in Nantucket; Meets With Martin O'Malley". The New York Times. Retrieved November 29, 2015.
  156. "Joe Biden endorses Hillary Clinton". Politico.
  157. Scott, Eugene; Lee, MJ; Merica, Dan (July 8, 2016). "Joe Biden-Hillary Clinton rally postponed after Dallas shooting". CNN. Retrieved January 1, 2020.
  158. Shabad, Rebecca (June 20, 2016). "Joe Biden slams Donald Trump on wall, Muslim entry ban". CBS News.
  159. Clarke, Suzan (July 27, 2016). "Vice President Joe Biden: 'Moral' Sanders Supporters 'Can't Vote for Trump'".
  160. Parks, Maryalice (October 21, 2016). "Biden Says He Wishes He Could Take Trump 'Behind the Gym' Over Groping Comments". ABC.
  161. Malloy, Allie; Diaz, Daniella (October 24, 2016). "Biden: I would only take Trump behind the gym 'if I were in high school'". CNN. Retrieved January 1, 2020.
  162. Cummings, William (October 26, 2016). "Trump: I'd love to fight 'Mr. Tough Guy', Joe Biden". USA Today.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.