Trachycarpeae

Trachycarpeae is a tribe of palms in subfamily Coryphoideae of the plant family Arecaceae. It has the widest distribution of any tribe in Coryphoideae and is found on all continents (except Antarctica), though the greatest concentration of species is in Southeast Asia.[1] Trachycarpeae includes palms from both tropical and subtropical zones; the northernmost naturally-occurring palm is a member of this tribe (Chamaerops humilis).[2] Several genera can be found in cultivation in temperate areas, for example species of Trachycarpus, Chamaerops, Rhapidophyllum and Washingtonia.[3]

Trachycarpeae
Johannesteijsmannia altifrons
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Arecales
Family: Arecaceae
Subfamily: Coryphoideae
Tribe: Trachycarpeae
Satake
Type genus
Trachycarpus
Genera

Acoelorrhaphe H.Wendl.
Brahea Mart. ex Endl.
Chamaerops L.
Colpothrinax Griseb. & H.Wendl.
Copernicia Mart. ex Endl.
Guihaia J.Dransf., S.K. Lee & F.N. Wei
Johannesteijsmannia H.E. Moore
Lanonia A.J. Hend. & C.D. Bacon
Licuala Wurmb
Livistona R.Br.
Maxburretia Furtado
Pholidocarpus Blume
Pritchardia Seem. & H.Wendl. ex H.Wendl.
Rhapidophyllum H.Wendl. & Drude
Rhapis L.f. ex Aiton
Saribus Blume
Serenoa Benth. & Hook.f
Trachycarpus H.Wendl.
Washingtonia H.Wendl.

Description

Palms in this tribe have palmate leaves with induplicate folds (reduplicate in Guihaia).[1] Plants may be tall, single-stemmed trees (e.g. Copernicia, Brahea, Pritchardia), acaulescent with short, squat trunks (e.g. Maxburretia, Johannesteijsmannia), multi-stemmed (e.g. Rhapis, Acoelorrhaphe) or branched and prostrate (e.g. Serenoa). These palms flower regularly throughout their lives (pleonanthic) and may be dioecious, monoecious or hermaphroditic.[1]

Taxonomy

Trachycarpeae is one of eight tribes in the subfamily Coryphoideae.[4] The tribe is monophyletic, but phylogenetic studies have yet to reveal its closest relatives, though they could be the Phoeniceae, or the Sabaleae and Cryosophileae.[1] Initially described as tribe 'Livistoneae', the name Trachycarpeae has priority.[1] In previous classifications, all the members of this tribe were included in tribe Corypheae.[5]

Trachycarpeae is divided into two subtribes: Rhapidinae have flowers with three separate carpels, whereas in subtribe Livistoniinae the flower carpels are free at the base, but the styles are fused together.[1] All genera in Rhapidinae are native to the Old World, except North American Rhapidophyllum. Livistoninae are widely distributed in both the New World and Southeast Asia and Australia. A single species (Livistona carinensis) occurs in Africa. Several genera in this tribe have yet to be allocated to a subtribe, due to a lack of convincing data from phylogenetic studies.[4]

Rhapidinae[1][4]

Livistoninae[1][4]

  • Livistona - (approx. 27 spp., Southeast Asia, Australia, NE Africa)
  • Licuala - (approx. 126 spp., Southeast Asia)
  • Lanonia - (12 spp., Indochina)
  • Johannesteijsmannia - (4 spp., Malaysia, Indonesia)
  • Pholidocarpus - (6 spp., Malaysia, Indonesia)
  • Saribus - (9 spp., Philippines to New Caledonia)

Unplaced genera[1][4]

The above classification was published prior to the recognition of the genera Saribus and Lanonia; however, both are clearly members of subtribe Livistoniinae. Saribus includes species formerly in Livistona and monotypic Pritchardiopsis,[6] while Lanonia species were previously included in Licuala.[7][8]

  • Acoelorraphe wrightii
  • Brahea armata
  • Chamaerops humilis
  • Colpothrinax wrightii
  • Copernicia macroglossa
  • Guihaia grossefibrosa
  • Johannesteijsmannia altifrons
  • Livistona carinensis
  • Licuala ramsayi
  • Pritchardia martii
  • Rhapidophyllum hystrix
  • Rhapis humilis
  • Saribus rotundifolius
  • Serenoa repens
  • Trachycarpus fortunei
  • Washingtonia robusta

References
  1. Dransfield, John; Uhl, Natalie W.; Asmussen, Conny B.; Baker, William J.; Harley, Madeline M.; Lewis, Carl E. (2008). Genera Palmarum - The Evolution and Classification of Palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. ISBN 9781842461822.
  2. "Chamaerops humilis - Plant Finder". www.missouribotanicalgarden.org. Retrieved 2018-03-02.
  3. "Cold Hardy Palms for Temperate Gardens". Plant Delights Nursery. Retrieved 2018-03-02.
  4. Dransfield, John; Uhl, Natalie W.; Asmussen, Conny B.; Baker, William J.; Harley, Madeline M.; Lewis, Carl E. (2005). "A new phylogenetic classification of the palm family, Arecaceae". Kew Bulletin. 60: 559–569 – via ResearchGate.
  5. Uhl, Natalie W.; Dransfield, John (1987). Genera Palmarum: A Classification of Palms Based on the Work of Harold E. Moore, Jr. L.H. Bailey Hortorium. ISBN 9780935868302.
  6. Bacon, Christine D.; Baker, William J. (2011). "Saribus Resurrected" (PDF). Palms. 55 (3): 109–116 – via ResearchGate.
  7. Henderson, Andrew J.; Bacon, Christine D. (2011). "Lanonia (Arecaceae: Palmae), a New Genus from Asia, with a Revision of the Species". Systematic Botany. 36 (4): 883–895. doi:10.1600/036364411x604903. JSTOR 41416905.
  8. Henderson, Andrew; Dung, Nguyen Quoc (2017-09-29). "New species of Lanonia, Licuala, and Pinanga (Arecaceae) from Vietnam". Phytotaxa. 323 (2). ISSN 1179-3163.
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