Sannine Formation

The Sannine Formation also called the Sannine Limestone is a Cretaceous geologic formation in Lebanon.

Sannine Formation
Stratigraphic range: late Albian-Cenomanian
~100–93.5 Ma
TypeGeological formation
UnderliesMaameltain Formation
OverliesHammana Formation
ThicknessCoastal: >2,000 m (6,600 ft)
Mountains: 500–700 m (1,600–2,300 ft)
Lithology
PrimaryChalk, limestone
OtherMarl
Location
Coordinates34.1°N 35.7°E / 34.1; 35.7
Approximate paleocoordinates12.9°N 30.4°E / 12.9; 30.4
RegionJabal Lubnan
Country Lebanon
Type section
Named forMount Sannine
Sannine Formation (Lebanon)

Description
late Early Cretaceous (105 Ma)

It is primarily Cenomanian in age. The formation laterally varies from east to west; the western lowland "coastal" sequence is over 2000 metres thick and primarily consists of deep water limestone and chalk, while the eastern "mountain" sequence is 500–700 metres thick and consists of shallow water limestone.[1] Pterosaur fossils have been recovered from the formation, including those of Mimodactylus[2] and Microtuban.[3] Insects are also known from compression fossils, including those of dragonflies.[4] Enigmatic pond-skater like Chresmoda.[5] A cockroach.[6] And angiosperm Sapindopsis.[7] Numerous species of fossil fish are also known.[8]

See also

References
  1. Walley, Christopher D. (1997). The Lithostratigraphy of Lebanon: A Review (PDF). pp. 1–20.
  2. Kellner, Alexander W. A.; Caldwell, Michael W.; Holgado, Borja; Vecchia, Fabio M. Dalla; Nohra, Roy; Sayão, Juliana M.; Currie, Philip J. (2019-11-29). "First complete pterosaur from the Afro-Arabian continent: insight into pterodactyloid diversity". Scientific Reports. 9 (1): 17875. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-54042-z. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 6884559. PMID 31784545.
  3. Elgin, Ross A.; Frey, Eberhard (December 2011). "A new azhdarchoid pterosaur from the Cenomanian (Late Cretaceous) of Lebanon". Swiss Journal of Geosciences. 104 (S1): 21–33. doi:10.1007/s00015-011-0081-1. ISSN 1661-8726.
  4. Azar, Dany; Maksoud, Sibelle; Huang, Diying; Nel, André (January 2019). "First Lebanese dragonflies (Insecta: Odonata, Aeshnoptera, Cavilabiata) from the Arabo-African mid-Cretaceous paleocontinent". Cretaceous Research. 93: 78–89. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2018.08.025.
  5. Nel, Andre; Azar, Dany; Martinez-Delclos, Xavier; Makhoul, Edouard (2004-03-25). "A new Upper Cretaceous species of Chresmoda from Lebanon - a latest representative of Chresmodidae (Insecta: Polyneoptera inc. sed.): first record of homeotic mutations in the fossil record of insects". European Journal of Entomology. 101 (1): 145–151. doi:10.14411/eje.2004.019.
  6. P. Vršanský and E. Makhoul. 2013. Mieroblattina pacis gen. et sp. n. - Upper Cretaceous cockroach (Blattida: Mesoblattinidae) from Nammoura limestone of Lebanon. Insect Evolution in an Ambiferous and Stone Alphabet 167-172
  7. D. L. Dilcher and P. W. Basson. 1990. Mid-Cretaceous angiosperm leaves from a new fossil locality in Lebanon. Botanical Gazette 151(4):538-547
  8. Forey, Peter L.; Yi, Lu; Patterson, Colin; Davies, Cliff E. (January 2003). "Fossil fishes from the Cenomanian (Upper Cretaceous) of Namoura, Lebanon". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 1 (4): 227–330. doi:10.1017/S147720190300107X. ISSN 1477-2019.
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