Public broadcasting in Indonesia

Public broadcasting institutions in Indonesia (Indonesian: Lembaga Penyiaran Publik) currently consist of three separate entities: Radio Republik Indonesia (RRI), Televisi Republik Indonesia (TVRI), and local public broadcasting institutions (Lembaga Penyiaran Publik Lokal or LPPL). This classification is based on Act No. 32 of 2002 on Broadcasting (Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2002 tentang Penyiaran) and followed by Government Regulation No. 11 of 2005 on Public Broadcasting Institution (Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 11 Tahun 2005 tentang Lembaga Penyiaran Publik).

According to Act No. 32 of 2002, a "public broadcasting institution" is defined as a "legal entity established by the state; independent, neutral, not commercial; and function to provide services for the public benefit".

National-scale broadcasters
Main articles: Radio Republik Indonesia and Televisi Republik Indonesia

The national-scale public broadcasters were RRI and TVRI. RRI is the national radio network, while TVRI is the national television network.

RRI and TVRI were originally set up as corporations separate from the central government, then included as part of the Department of Information (Departemen Penerangan) in 1947 and 1975, respectively. Concerns about repositioning them as the public broadcasters were rising after the Reformation until the department was dissolved in 2000 during Abdurrahman Wahid administration and they were removed gradually from direct governmental control (the department later reestablished into the current Ministry of Communication and Informatics in 2001). RRI and TVRI were set up as a service corporation (Perusahaan Jawatan or Perjan) in that year (TVRI was later set up again as a state-owned enterprise in 2002) and officially become public service broadcasters in 2005.

RRI was established on 11 September 1945. RRI currently operates four radio networks (RRI Pro 1, RRI Pro 2, RRI Pro 3, and RRI Pro 4) carried by some or all of its 89 local stations; RRI Pro 3 itself is a centralized programming network. RRI also operates international radio service Voice of Indonesia.

TVRI was established on 24 August 1962. TVRI operates three national television channels (TVRI, TVRI Kanal 3, and TVRI Sport HD), as well as 30 regional stations across the country.

Local-scale broadcasters

The local public broadcasting institutions refers to local public broadcasters which is not owned and operated by either RRI or TVRI. The broadcasters were usually, but not always, located in a cities, regencies, even provinces that don't yet have any RRI and/or TVRI station. According to Government Regulation No. 11 of 2005, these broadcasters are obligated to network with RRI (for radio station) and TVRI (for television station).

Before the Reformation, there were several radio stations owned and operated by either city or regency government. These stations were known as Local Government Broadcast Radio (Radio Siaran Pemerintah Daerah or RSPD). Example stations included RSPD Top FM in Sukoharjo, Central Java[1] and RSPD Berau in Berau, East Kalimantan[2] which first broadcast in 1968 and 1975, respectively. Local government-owned television stations were none since all government-owned television matter, even local stations (which always located in the province's capital), is undertaken by TVRI. Act No. 32 of 2002 introduced the term, intended to transforming local government media into public ones; Governmental Regulation No. 11 of 2005 later regulates the institution.

In 2018, the local public broadcasting institutions formed All-Indonesia Radio and Television LPPL Association (Asosiasi LPPL Radio dan Televisi Se-Indonesia) as a union for the broadcasters.[3]

List of broadcasters
Main article: List of television stations in Indonesia ยง Television stations by province

Proposed merger

A proposed new act on broadcasting currently in the making would merge RRI with TVRI into RTRI (Radio Televisi Republik Indonesia, Radio Television of the Republic of Indonesia).

See also
  • Media in Indonesia

References
  1. "Radio Siaran Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Sukoharjo". Retrieved 27 June 2020.
  2. Toredoisma. "SEJARAH RSPD BERAU". Retrieved 27 June 2020.
  3. Syintia Dewi Samanta (1 March 2019). "Dirjen OTDA Kemendagri Kukuhkan Pengurus Asosiasi LPPL Radio-Televisi Nasional". Merdeka.com. Retrieved 27 June 2020.
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