Order of Michael the Brave
The Order of Michael the Brave (Romanian: Ordinul Mihai Viteazul) is Romania's highest military decoration, instituted by King Ferdinand I during the early stages of the Romanian Campaign of the First World War, and was again awarded in the Second World War. The Order, which may be bestowed either on an individual or on a whole unit, was named in honor of Michael the Brave (Mihai Viteazul), a late 16th-century Prince of Wallachia, Transylvania, and Moldavia.
| Order of Michael the Brave Ordinul Mihai Viteazul | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Awarded by The King of Romania (1916 – 1947) The President of Romania (since 2000) | |
| Type | Military Award |
| Eligibility | Military personnel on active service |
| Status | Awarded only in time of war |
| Statistics | |
| Established | 1916, re-instituted 2000 |
| First awarded | 1916 |
| Last awarded | 1944 and disbanded in 1947 |
| Precedence | |
| Next (higher) | None (Highest) |
| Next (lower) | Order of the Star of Romania |
 Ribbon of the Order of Michael the Brave | |
Data
- Requirements: Awarded to officers only for exceptional deeds on the battlefield. It is the highest ranking Romanian military order.
- Classes: 3rd, 2nd and 1st
- Date Instituted: September 26, 1916
- Number awarded: 2184
- During WW1:
- 1st class: 16
- 2nd class: 12
- 3rd class: 336 (of which 43 awarded to military units)
- During WW2:
- 1st class: 15
- 2nd class: 76 (of which 13 awarded to military units)
- 3rd class: 1628 (of which 118 awarded to military units)
- During WW1:
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A 1941 war flag of the Knights of the Military Order "Mihai Viteazu" (Romania)
Recipients
Obverse of the modern (2000) third class order
- Józef Piłsudski
- Ion Antonescu
- Josip Broz Tito
- Vasile Atanasiu
- Alexandru Averescu
- Radu Bâldescu
- Nicolae Dabija
- Corneliu Dragalina
- Grigore Gafencu
- Eremia Grigorescu
- Douglas Haig
- Michael I of Romania (as Commander-in-Chief of the Romanian Army in 1941)
- John J. Pershing
- Radu Korne
- Mihail Lascăr
- Leonard Mociulschi
- Ioan Pălăghiţă
- Constantin Prezan
- Corneliu Teodorini
- Constantin Mihalcea
- Gheorghe Bâgulescu
- Virgil Bădulescu[1]
During the Second World War, at a time when Romania was allied with Germany, the Order was awarded to several members of the military forces of other Axis Powers, many in the Wehrmacht:
- Erwin Rommel
- Theodor Busse
- Fedor von Bock
- Walther von Brauchitsch
- Dietrich von Choltitz
- Karl Dönitz
- Hermann Göring
- Hermann Hoth
- Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim
- Erich von Manstein
- Friedrich Paulus
- Wolfram von Richthofen
- Gerd von Rundstedt
- Wilhelm Schöning
- Walter Warlimont
- Paul Ludwig Ewald von Kleist
- Helmuth von Pannwitz
- Erwin Jaenecke
See also
- List of military decorations
- List of Romanian decorations
External links
- (in English) Order of Michael the Brave at worldwar2.ro
- (in Romanian) History of the Order at the Romanian Presidency site
- (in English) Order of Michael the Brave and its recipients at ww2awards.com
| National decorations[a] |
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| Commemorative decorations |
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| Peacetime military decorations |
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| Civil decorations |
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| Wartime military decorations[c] |
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| Honorific signs |
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^ The peacetime military insignia added: two crossed swords (tip up) between the sign and the link if awarded to military personnel in peacetime ^ The categories are equal in ranking, and differentiate only the cultural field (A - literature; B - music; C - fine arts; D - performing arts; E - national cultural heritage; F - promotion of culture; H - religious cults; G - scientific research; I - architecture) ; ^ The war insignia added: two crossed swords (tip up) behind the sign (except for Order of Michael the Brave, an order exclusevely for military personnel with exception conduct in wartime or warzones) | ||||||||
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